american academy of pediatrics

AIM: In this study, we assessed the use of advanced pharmacological behavior management techniques (BMTs) among pediatric dentists in Saudi Arabia and the barriers to their clinical application. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study used a self-administered electronic survey that targeted members of the Saudi Society of Pediatric Dentistry. The questionnaire included questions on five techniques of advanced and pharmacological behavior management recommended by the American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The American Academy of Pediatrics designed The Injury Prevention Program (TIPP) in 1983 to help pediatricians prevent unintentional injuries, but TIPP's effectiveness has never been formally evaluated. We sought to evaluate the impact of TIPP on reported injuries in the first 2 years of life. METHODS: We conducted a stratified, cluster-randomized trial at 4 academic medical centers: 2 centers trained their pediatric residents and implemented TIPP screening and counseling materials at all well-child checks (WCCs) for ages 2 to 24 months, and 2 centers implemented obesity prevention...

INTRODUCTION: The American Academy of Pediatrics Back-to-Sleep Campaign significantly reduced infant mortality from sudden infant death syndrome. As a result of prolonged supine positioning, the incidence of deformational plagiocephaly has also risen 5-fold since its adoption. We aimed to improve the current educational paradigm for new parents with the goal of reducing the incidence of plagiocephaly within the confines of the Back-to-Sleep Campaign. We hypothesized that the early addition of plagiocephaly focused education for parents would reduce cephalic index, the ratio of head width to length, used as an easily measured objective proxy for positional plagiocephaly...

OBJECTIVE: In 2015, 14.0% of US NICUs administered probiotics to very low birth weight infants. Current probiotic use prior to and after the Fall of 2023 (when FDA warnings were issued) remains unknown. STUDY DESIGN: A survey was distributed to the American Academy of Pediatrics Section on Neonatal and Perinatal Medicine (August-November/2022) and Neonatology Solutions' Level III/IV NICUs (January-April/2023). Probiotic administration practices were investigated...

BACKGROUND: The effect of vitamin E supplementation on bilirubin levels in infants was previously explored, but the results were inconclusive. PURPOSE: To examine the effect of vitamin E supplementation on bilirubin levels in term infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). METHODS: This interventional double-blind randomized clinical trial was conducted in the Sanandaj Besat Hospital NICU. Enrolled newborns were between 37 and 42 weeks and 6 days of gestation and required phototherapy according to American Academy of Pediatrics clinical guidelines...

Supracondylar humerus fractures are common in the pediatric population, but flexion fractures are very rare in this population. The need for open reduction in these fractures is high and can be challenging for orthopaedic surgeons. In this article, we report a 9-year-old patient with bilateral flexion-type humeral fracture treated with closed reduction, which, to our knowledge, is the first report in the literature. We concluded that the first step in the treatment of flexion-type supracondylar fractures should be closed reduction with the help of an experienced assistant surgeon and that successful results can be obtained even in bilateral flexion-type fractures with appropriate treatment and follow-up...

Supracondylar humerus fractures are high-volume injuries in children; therefore, value-driven treatment has far-reaching implications for patients and families as well as healthcare systems. Children younger than 5 years can remodel posterior angulation. Most Type IIa fractures will maintain alignment after closed reduction. Many patients with surgical fractures can safely wait for nonemergent fixation. Outpatient surgery is associated with shorter surgical time, lower costs, and fewer return visits to the emergency department with no increase in adverse events...

BACKGROUND: Alcohol and other substance use disorders usually begin with substance use in adolescence. Pediatric primary care offices, where most adolescents receive health care, are a promising venue for early identification of substance use and for brief intervention to prevent associated problems and the development of substance use disorder. OBJECTIVE: This study tests the effects of a computer-facilitated screening and brief intervention (cSBI) system (the CRAFFT [Car, Relax, Alone, Forget, Family/Friends, Trouble] Interactive System [CRAFFT-IS]) on heavy episodic drinking, riding with a driver who is substance impaired, or driving while substance impaired among adolescents aged 14 to 17 years presenting for a well visit at pediatric primary care practices...

OBJECTIVES: To understand tension mothers experience when attempting to follow American Academy of Pediatrics safe sleep guidelines and enhancing infant and parental sleep. METHODS: Surveys and focus groups were conducted from November 2022 and March 2023 with United States-based English-speaking mothers of infants <6 months of age recruited via social media and who reported a nonrecommended sleep position and/or location ≥2 times the prior week. RESULTS: Twenty-five mothers participated in focus groups and surveys...

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to evaluate the performance of a publicly-available online artificial intelligence program (OpenAI's ChatGPT-3.5 and -4.0, August 3 versions) on a pediatric board preparatory examination, 2021 and 2022 PREP® Self-Assessment, American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). METHODS: We entered 245 questions and answer choices from the Pediatrics 2021 PREP® Self-Assessment and 247 questions and answer choices from the Pediatrics 2022 PREP® Self-Assessment into OpenAI's ChatGPT-3...

A primary care pediatrician casts a skeptical eye at the American Academy of Pediatrics Obesity Guideline. Using back-of-the-envelope calculations, she explains that meeting the guidelines would swamp her office, hospital, and the country's clinicians in a manner that is unrealistic. Warning against the alienation that boots-on-the-ground clinicians experience when guidelines are too theoretical to be practical, she suggests alternative avenues for addressing this public health issue.

Low medication adherence remains a major challenge in the treatment of epilepsy, particularly in children. In recent years, several approaches and interventions have been employed to promote medication adherence in children with epilepsy (CWE). In this study, we aimed to summarize the evidence on these interventions. In this systematic review, major medical electronic databases were searched for relevant literature from January 2005 till July 2023, including PsycINFO, Medline (via PubMed), Google Scholar, Taylor & Francis databases, and CENTRAL by the Cochrane Library...

In a 2016 clinical practice guideline, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) created and introduced the term brief resolved unexplained event (BRUE). This guideline defined specific criteria for diagnosis of BRUE and provided a set of guidelines for evaluation of these infants as well as characteristics that indicate a BRUE will have a low risk for a repeat event or a serious underlying disorder. This issue reviews the definition and broad differential diagnosis of a BRUE, highlights the criteria for risk stratification of infants who experience a BRUE, summarizes the management recommendations for patients with a lower-risk BRUE, and examines the available literature that evaluates the impact of the AAP guidelines in the years since its publication...

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the ability of QuickSee to detect children at risk for significant vision conditions (significant refractive error [RE], amblyopia and strabismus). METHODS: Non-cycloplegic refraction (using QuickSee without and with +2 dioptre (D) fogging lenses) and unaided binocular near visual acuity (VA) were measured in 4- to 12-year-old children. Eye examination findings (VA, cover testing and cycloplegic retinoscopy) were used to determine the presence of vision conditions...

INTRODUCTION: Extra-articular juxtaphyseal fractures of the proximal phalanx are among the most common finger fractures in children. Immobilization of the digit for 3 to 4 weeks after reduction of the fracture is the current standard of care. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate outcomes after intervention among pediatric proximal phalanx base fractures and establish radiographic criteria to guide management. METHODS: A multi-institutional retrospective review of skeletally immature patients treated for proximal phalanx juxtaphyseal fractures between 2002 and 2019 was conducted...

The COVID-19 pandemic has presented tremendous challenges to the United States health care system, as well as to individual physicians, communities, and families. Throughout the pandemic, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has striven to elevate the needs of infants, children, and adolescents, as well as the pediatricians who care for this population. Historically, these communities have often been overlooked and deprioritized in health care systems, and these deficits persisted into the pandemic. To fill this gap, the AAP took on an essential role in leading the national response for pediatrics...

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections in people of all ages and is the leading cause of hospitalization among infants in the United States. The year 2023 was exciting for RSV prevention. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved 3 new tools for preventing severe lower respiratory tract RSV infections in infants, young children, and elderly persons. In May 2023, the FDA approved 2 vaccines, RSVpreF3 (Arexvy™, GSK) and RSVpreF (Abrysvo™, Pfizer), for adults ages 60 years or older to be given as a single-dose intramuscular injection...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Guidelines for the management of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia have helped to reduce rates of significant hyperbilirubinemia. However, recent evidence suggesting overtreatment and potential harms of phototherapy have informed the American Academy of Pediatrics clinical practice guideline revision and the accompanying increase in phototherapy thresholds. These changes are predicted to safely reduce overuse; however, to date, the exact effect of these guidelines has not been established...

BACKGROUND: Informed Consent (IC) is crucial in pediatric research, aligning with the National Research Act of 1974 and the Belmont Report's principles. Current regulations, particularly 45 CFR 46, provide additional safeguards for children in research. OBJECTIVE: This article explores ethical challenges in pediatric research IC, drawing from PubMed literature and regulatory guidelines to understand historical context, legislative milestones, and contemporary issues...

BACKGROUND: Currently, there are no available tools to identify infants at the highest risk of significant morbidity and mortality from respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) who would benefit most from RSV prevention products. The objective was to develop and internally validate a personalized risk prediction tool for use among all newborns that uses readily available birth/postnatal data to predict RSV LRTI requiring intensive care unit (ICU) admission...