Diabetes, Nutrition, Psychology

INTRODUCTION: Obesity is accompanied by restriction in the quality of life and an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. Cardiovascular, orthopedic, and metabolic disorders are among the possible consequences. In the management of obesity, a combination therapy that includes dietary, exercise, and behaviour modules has proven its worth. AIM: To evaluate the effect of weight-associated parameters, circulation associated parameters, glucose metabolism, body composition and life quality changes within a four-week inpatient rehabilitation program...

PURPOSE: To analyse the short-term effectiveness of an intensive multidimensional inpatient programme specifically developed for patients with severe obesity. METHODS: A multidisciplinary team managed a 3-week residential programme characterised by the integration of nutritional and physical rehabilitation with psychological and educational intervention. All patients consecutively admitted in 10 months were analysed at admission and discharge for changes in the following domains: anthropometry (weight, body mass index (BMI), waist and neck circumferences), cardiovascular risk factors (glycaemia, HbA1c, lipid profile, blood pressure), quality of life, eating behaviour, and physical performance (VO2peak by incremental cycle ergometer test, 6-min walking test (6MWT), chair stands test)...

BACKGROUND: The global epidemic of obesity will see normal weight adults constituting a mere one-third of the global population by 2025. Although appetite and weight are regulated by a complex integration of neurological, endocrine and gastrointestinal feedback mechanisms, there is a constant interaction between psychological state, physical impairment, presence of comorbid chronic disease and medications. METHODS: We discuss two cases and reveal a practical approach to investigating and managing patients with obesity and diabetes in the 'real world'...

BACKGROUND: Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer deaths with incidence rising and a high mortality rate. Smoking, psychological stress, diabetes, pancreatitis and alcohol abuse are known risk factors for pancreatic cancer. OBJECTIVE: Targeting G protein-coupled receptor signaling for the prevention and therapy of pancreatic cancer. METHOD: Review of published literature. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: All known risk factors for pancreatic cancer cause hyperactive cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling via cancer stimulating Gαs-coupled beta-adrenergic and prostaglandin E2 receptors and/or by suppressing signaling via inhibitory Gαi-coupled GABAB-receptors...

OBJECTIVE: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and celiac disease (CD) are autoimmune diseases and have similar genetic patterns. T1DM treatment is based on diet, physical activity and insulin therapy, whereas CD depends on dietary changes with restriction of wheat, rye and barley. The aim of the study was to evaluate the quality of life (QoL) of individuals with the association of T1DM and CD, to characterize their nutritional status and to compare it with those with only one disease and healthier controls...

INTRODUCTION: Obesity is the result of a complex interaction between multiple genetic traits and psychological, behavioral, nutritional and environmental factors. OBJECTIVES: The aims of the study were (a) to comparatively evaluate the presence of 20 candidate gene single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in morbidly obese patients, (2) their association to comorbid conditions and (3) their impact on weight loss after a Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Two hundred forty-nine patients were eligible for this study...

We examined self-determination theory (SDT) and weight loss, and hypothesized that the Diabetes Prevention Program's (DPP) intervention would result in an increase in autonomous regulation of motivation (AR) in participants. Further, that those with higher AR, and those who perceived educators as supporting SDT-defined needs, would lose more weight. Support, Health Information, Nutrition and Exercise (SHINE) Study data (N = 257) were analyzed. SHINE was a randomized, controlled DPP translation trial (2-years, telephonic, primary care staff)...

PURPOSE: Diabetes mellitus is prevalent among older adults, and affects their quality of life. Furthermore, the number is growing as the elderly population increases. Thus, this study aims to explore the predictors of quality of life among hospitalized geriatric patients with diabetes mellitus upon discharge in Malaysia. METHODS: A total of 110 hospitalized geriatric patients aged 60 years and older were selected using convenience sampling method in a cross-sectional study...

Epigenetic modification takes place in many types of environment. Undesirable epigenetic changes for the postnatal life at the developmental stage are induced in utero by exposure to harsh environment such as endocrine disruptors, severe psychological stress and insufficient or excessive nutrition. Some of these changes continues even for a long time after birth from womb to tomb. Under these circumstances with an unhealthy life style, such as higher caloric intake, insufficient exercise, or stress, there is a higher risk of developing various illnesses including lifestyle-related diseases, such as essential hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, psychological disorders and cancers...

BACKGROUND: Rates of morbid obesity are higher for individuals with intellectual disability (ID). Individuals with ID may find nutritional guidelines difficult to follow and many face personal and environmental barriers for physical activity. Bariatric surgery may reduce obesity related health comorbidities while promoting sustained weight loss in diverse populations. Yet no study has reviewed the feasibility of conducting bariatric surgery on individuals with ID. OBJECTIVES: To conduct a scoping review of literature on bariatric procedures performed on individuals with ID...

BACKGROUND: As the global population ages, disabling hearing impairment (HI) have been increased rapidly. The impact of HI on health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is of great importance to aid the development of strategic plans and to guide therapeutic interventions. PURPOSE: To evaluate HRQoL in Korean adults with different degrees of HI using EuroQol five-dimensional (EQ-5D) and EQ-visual analogue scale (VAS), the preference-based generic measures of HRQoL. METHODS: Using a representative dataset from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) from January 2010 to December 2012, EQ-5D questionnaire and EQ- VAS scores of subjects with HI were compared with those of subjects without HI...

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to examine the cumulative effects of psychological,socioeconomic, biological and behavioral parameters on mortality. METHODS: A prospective design was employed. Data from the 2005-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) were used (analyzed in 2015); follow-up mortality status evaluated in 2011. Psychological function was assessed from the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) as a measure of depression...

Psychological stress can induce altered eating patterns, and studies have indicated that there is a correlation between temporomandibular disorder (TMD) and psychological stress. This study investigated the relationship between TMD and body mass index (BMI) in a large representative sample of the South Korean population using data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). Men and women with TMD showed decreased prevalence of abdominal obesity. Women with TMD had lower age, lower BMI, lower metabolic syndromic waist circumference, lower prevalence of metabolic syndrome, and lower prevalence of diabetes compared with the group without TMD...

Clinical and preclinical data suggest that diabetes is often psychological complications such as depression. Geniposide (GP), a major compound in Gardenia jasminoides Ellis with both medicinal and nutritional values, has been previously confirmed to exert anti-diabetic and anti-depressive activities. The present study attempted to observe anti-depressive mechanisms of GP in streptozotocin (STZ) evoked diabetic mice by involving brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), for the first time. Mice were given GP daily (50, and 100 mg/kg, ig) or reference drugs FHMH [fluoxetine hydrochloride (FH, 10 mg/kg, ig) combined with metformin hydrochloride (MH, 100 mg/kg, ig)] for 3 weeks...

Total joint arthroplasty is a highly successful surgical procedure for patients who have painful arthritic joints. The increasing prevalence of total joint arthroplasty is generating substantial expenditures in the American healthcare system. Healthcare payers, specifically the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, currently target total joint arthroplasty as an area for healthcare cost-savings initiatives, which has resulted in increased scrutiny surrounding orthopaedic care, health resource utilization, and hospital readmissions...

Based on the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome study, new universal screening recommendations and cut-offs for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have been proposed. In addition to the immediate perinatal risk, GDM carries an increased risk of metabolic disease in the mother and child. Maternal obesity has even been shown to be associated with increased all-cause mortality in offspring. In addition to known risk factors, excessive gestational weight gain, increased fat consumption, a low vitamin D level, psychological stress and negative mood are risk factors for GDM...

OBJECTIVE AND PROCEDURE: We examined the effect of health claims and food deprivation levels on the health risk perceptions of fast-food restaurants. Consistent with previous research, we used a within-subjects experimental design to manipulate the health claims of fast-food restaurants using real brands: Subway, expressing strong health claims vs. McDonald's, expressing weak health claims. Participants who did not have access to nutrition information were asked to estimate the health risk associated with food items that were slightly more caloric for Subway than McDonald's (640 kcal vs...

Obesity and being overweight could be real chronic conditions above all if there are other complications such as type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, dyslipidemia, hypercholesterolemia, cancer, and various psychosocial and psychopathological disorders. Due to the multifactorial etiology of obesity, evidence-based interventions to improve weight loss, maintain a healthy weight, and reduce related comorbidities combine different treatment approaches: dietetic, nutritional, physical, behavioral, psychological, and, in some situations, pharmacological and surgical...

Diabetes is a chronic illness that has an effect on multiple organ systems. Frailty is a state of increased vulnerability to stressors and a limited capacity to maintain homeostasis. It is a multidimensional concept and a dynamic condition that can improve or worsen over time. Frailty is either physical or psychological or a combination of these two components. Sarcopenia, which is the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength, is the main attributor to the physical form of frailty. Although the pathophysiology of diabetes is commonly focused on impaired insulin secretion, overload of gluconeogenesis and insulin resistance, newer insights broaden this etiologic horizon...

The effects of patient characteristics on reported adherence to dietary self-care behaviours in 184 Taiwanese outpatients 40 years or older with type 2 diabetes was assessed. Patient characteristics included the presence of predisposing factors affecting diabetes adherence (knowledge and attitudes about the disease, self-efficacy, and the absence of psychological problems), enabling factors (understanding of diabetes and environmental factors affecting it), and reinforcing factors (presence of medical and social support) which were evaluated using a 72 item self-administered questionnaire with 8 subscales...