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Yasser Hamed, Abd-Elaziz Shokry, Khaled Mohamed Ali Shehata, Salma Mokhtar Osman, Khaled Saad, Safwat Salama Sawy, Emad Abdelrazzak, Omran Mohamed Abdelmola, Tarek Mansour
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Although immunization against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is ongoing, adverse reactions to these vaccinations have been observed in isolated cases. We aimed to report different neurological complications developed after COVID-19 vaccination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In our case series study, we report all cases of CNS demyelination following COVID-19 immunization. Clinical evaluation, brain MRI, and CSF analysis for oligoclonal bands and IgG index were performed for all patients...
February 2024: Journal of Pharmacy & Bioallied Sciences
#2
Megan Elizabeth Moore, Fawad Talat, Michael Talanian, Harmony Allison
Celiac disease (CD) is associated with several neurological diseases. We report a case of a 25-year-old man with CD that was discovered during hospitalization for acute transverse myelitis. The diagnosis of CD was suspected after positive serological tests and was confirmed with duodenal biopsy. Steroid pulse therapy and plasma exchange stabilized the patient's condition. The patient started a gluten-free diet and rituximab therapy before discharge. Although the association of CD with various neurological diseases is well established, this case report describes a less explored association between CD and transverse myelitis...
April 2024: ACG Case Reports Journal
#3
Ji-Yoon An, Soo-Im Jang, Seul-Gi Choi, Sae-Nal Lee, Eun-Ja Lee, Kwang-Ki Kim, Hang-Rai Kim
Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD) is an autoimmune disorder with diverse clinical manifestations including myelitis, meningitis, encephalitis, and optic neuritis. MOGAD rarely presents with unilateral cerebral cortical encephalitis (CCE), rendering the diagnosis difficult in these cases. Furthermore, MOGAD is frequently accompanied by other autoimmune diseases such as thyroid disease or inflammatory bowel disease. Herein, we report a case of unilateral CCE with positive anti-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibodies...
April 2024: Encephalitis
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hiroyuki Sumikura, Mai Ito, Takuma Sato, Naoki Hatayama, Tomohiro Fujioka, Nozomi Nagashima, Yuki Shimada, Isao Fukasaka, Mikito Shimizu, Kyoko Higashida, Taku Hoshi, Keiko Tanaka, Manabu Sakaguchi
A 44-year-old woman with a subacute onset of an altered mental status, urinary retention, and fluctuating blood pressure was initially diagnosed with anti-N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis, meeting the criteria of Graus et al. Cardiac arrest occurred, which required pacemaker placement. She subsequently showed profound flaccid limb paralysis, with magnetic resonance imaging demonstrating focal necrotic lesions localized in the anterior horn of the longitudinal segments of the spinal cord and in the pontine tegmentum...
April 2, 2024: Internal Medicine
#5
Daryn E Erickson, Kyle M Simmons, Zachary A Barrand, Chase L Ridenour, Paige B Hawkinson, Lacey Lemke, Shayne P Sellner, Breezy N Brock, Alexis N Rivas, Krystal Sheridan, Darrin Lemmer, Hayley D Yaglom, W Tanner Porter, Monique Belanger, Rachel M Torrey, Aidan James R Stills, Kiley McCormack, Matt Black, Wydale Holmes, Drew Rostain, Jeremy Mikus, Kimberly Sotelo, Emmen Haq, Reshma Neupane, Joli Weiss, Jasmine Johnson, Clancey Collins, Sarah Avalle, Chelsi White, Brandon J Howard, Sara A Maltinsky, Ryann N Whealy, Nathaniel B Gordon, Jason W Sahl, Talima Pearson, Viacheslav Y Fofanov, Tara Furstenau, Elizabeth M Driebe, J Gregory Caporaso, Jarrett Barber, Joel Terriquez, David M Engelthaler, Crystal M Hepp
BACKGROUND: Most seasonally circulating enteroviruses result in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic infections. In rare cases, however, infection with some subtypes can result in paralysis or death. Of the 300 subtypes known, only poliovirus is reportable, limiting our understanding of the distribution of other enteroviruses that can cause clinical disease. OBJECTIVE: The overarching objectives of this study were to: 1) describe the distribution of enteroviruses in Arizona during the late summer and fall of 2022, the time of year when they are thought to be most abundant, and 2) demonstrate the utility of viral pan-assay approaches for semi-agnostic discovery that can be followed up by more targeted assays and phylogenomics...
March 20, 2024: medRxiv
#6
Jaya Chandra, Hamid R Khatibi
A 34-year-old immunosuppressed male presented with worsening bilateral lower extremity weakness and urinary retention accompanied by a painless clean-based chancre on his glans penis. Physical examination revealed symmetrically diminished lower extremity weakness most pronounced with hip flexion and knee extension and absent Achilles reflexes. Full MRI spine without contrast was noncontributory. Lumbar puncture showed elevated protein and total nucleated cells with lymphocytic predominance...
February 2024: Curēus
#7
REVIEW
L Lorefice, R Cortese
Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a severe form of inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS) including acute myelitis, optic neuritis and brain syndrome. Currently, the classification of NMOSD relies on serologic testing, distinguishing between seropositive or seronegative anti-aquaporin-4 antibody (AQP4) status. However, the situation has recently grown more intricate with the identification of patients exhibiting the NMOSD phenotype and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibodies (MOGAD)...
March 19, 2024: Multiple Sclerosis and related Disorders
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Margarida Pires Simoes, Emma B Hodcroft, Peter Simmonds, Jan Albert, Enagon K Alidjinou, Katia Ambert-Balay, Cristina Andrés, Andrés Antón, Christelle Auvray, Jean-Luc Bailly, Fausto Baldanti, Capser Bastings, Stuart Beard, Carla Berengua Pereira, Natasa Berginc, Mandy Bloemen, Soile Blomqvist, Froukje Bosma, Sindy Böttcher, Laura Bubba, Stafan Buderus, Maria Cabrerizo, Christina Calvo, Christina Celma, Ferruccio Ceriotti, Gemma Clark, Inës Costa, Marianne Coste-Burel, Karen Couderé, Jeroen Cremer, Margarita Del Cuerpo Casas, Theo Daehne, Jessica de Beer, Maria de Ceano-Vivas, Cillian De Gascun, Alexis de Rougemont, Johnathan Dean, Jennifer L Dembinski, Sabine Diedrich, Javier Diez-Domingo, Lena Dillner, Dagny H Dorenberg, Alexandra Ducancelle, Susanne Dudman, Robert Dyrdak, Anna-Maria Eis-Huebinger, Iker Falces-Romero, Agnes Farkas, Susan Feeney, Maria D Fernandez-Garcia, Jacky Flipse, Kristina T Franck, Cristina Galli, Isabelle Garrigue, Felix Geeraedts, Irina Georgieva, Federica Giardina, Raquel Guiomar, Elenor Hauzenberger, Esther Heikens, Cécille Henquell, Didier Hober, Amrio Hönemann, Hannah Howson-Wells, Željka Hruškar, Niina Ikonen, Berthemarie Imbert, Arjan R Jansz, Marion Jeannoël, Helena Jiřincová, Laurence Josset, Kathrin Keeren, Naomie Kramer-Lindhout, Sidsel Krokstad, Mouna Lazrek, Hélène Le Guillou-Guillemette, Caroline Lefeuvre, Andreas Lind, Maja M Lunar, Melanie Maier, Stéphanie Marque-Juillet, C Patrick McClure, James McKenna, Adam Meijer, Ana Menasalvas Ruiz, Beatriz Mengual-Chuliá, Sofie Midgley, Audrey Mirand, Richard Molenkamp, Milagrosa Montes, Antonio Moreno-Docón, Ursula Morley, Jean-Luc Murk, Ana Navascués-Ortega, Roel Nijhuis, Lubomira Nikolaeva-Glomb, Svein A Nordbø, Sanela Numanovic, Massimo Oggioni, Eider Oñate Vergara, Jordi Pacaud, Marie L Pacreau, Marcus Panning, Elena Pariani, Lili Pekova, Laura Pellegrinelli, Miroslav Petrovec, Corinna Pietsch, Léa Pilorge, Luis Piñeiro, Antonio Piralla, Mario Poljak, Birgit Prochazka, Nuria Rabella, Janette C Rahamat-Langendoen, Petra Rainetova, Marijke Reynders, Annelies Riezebos-Brilman, Lieuwe Roorda, Carita Savolainen-Kopra, Isabelle Schuffenecker, Leo C Smeets, Ayse Stoyanova, Karl Stefic, Caroline Swanink, Irena Tabain, Jeroen Tjhie, Luc Thouault, Camille Tumiotto, Sara Uceda Renteria, Tina Uršič, Sophie Vallet, Marc Van Ranst, Peter Van Wunnik, Jaco J Verweij, Jorgina Vila, Bas Wintermans, Elke Wollants, Katja C Wolthers, F Xavier López-Labrado, Thea Kolsen Fischer, Heli Harvala, Kimberley S M Benschop
Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68) infections are associated with severe respiratory disease and acute flaccid myelitis (AFM). The European Non-Polio Enterovirus Network (ENPEN) aimed to investigate the epidemiological and genetic characteristics of EV-D68 and its clinical impact during the fall-winter season of 2021/22. From 19 European countries, 58 institutes reported 10,481 (6.8%) EV-positive samples of which 1,004 (9.6%) were identified as EV-D68 (852 respiratory samples). Clinical data was reported for 969 cases...
March 28, 2024: Journal of Infectious Diseases
#9
REVIEW
Rebecca Leung, Eppie M Yiu
Acute generalised muscle weakness in children is a paediatric emergency with a broad differential diagnosis. A careful history and neurologic examination guides timely investigation and management. We review some of the more common causes of acute generalised muscle weakness in children, highlighting key history and examination findings, along with an approach to lesion localisation to guide differential diagnosis and further investigation.
March 28, 2024: Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health
#10
Mustafa Al-Zamil, Natalia G Kulikova, Inessa A Minenko, Numman Mansur, Denis M Zalozhnev, Marat B Uzdenov, Alina A Dzhanibekova, Alikhan A Gochiyayev, Natalia A Shnayder
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) has proven effective in treating pain in many experimental and clinical studies. In addition to the analgesic effect, direct TENS of peripheral nerves had anti-inflammatory and regenerative effects in the treatment of distal polyneuropathy and spinal cord injury. This work demonstrates the experience of using direct TENS in the treatment of a 52-year-old patient with post-COVID-19 Guillain-Barré (GBS) and acute transverse myelitis (ATM) overlap syndrome...
February 26, 2024: Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mei-Yun Cheng, Hsuan-Chen Ho, Jung-Lung Hsu, Yi Wang, Linyi Chen, Siew-Na Lim, Ming-Feng Liao, Long-Sun Ro
Various vaccines have been developed in response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and the safety of vaccines has become an important issue. COVID-19 vaccine-related central nervous system inflammatory demyelinating diseases (CNS IDDs) have been reported recently. We present one case of AstraZeneca vaccine-related myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG) antibody-associated disease and a literature review of another 78 patients published from January 2020 to October 2022. Patients were divided into three vaccine types (viral vector, mRNA, and inactivated vaccines) for further analyses...
March 20, 2024: Diseases (Basel)
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Naresh Kumar, Rashmi Mishra, Arun Bargali, Rajam Iyer Bhavana
We diagnosed a patient with dengue fever who developed acute onset of sensorimotor quadriparesis with bladder involvement, and facial nerve involvement. Despite initial negative results in routine investigations and cerebrospinal fluid analysis, spinal MRI confirmed longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis. The aetiological workup was negative, prompting an investigation into the presence of dengue in the cerebrospinal fluid, which returned positive. This case underscores the importance of considering rare neurological complications in dengue, the value of advanced diagnostic techniques and the potential effectiveness of tailored interventions in challenging cases...
March 25, 2024: BMJ Case Reports
#13
REVIEW
Peng-Nien Huang, Shao-Hsuan Hsia, Kuan-Ying Arthur Huang, Chih-Jung Chen, En-Tzu Wang, Shin-Ru Shih, Tzou-Yien Lin
Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) infections pose a significant public health concern in the Asia-Pacific region. EV-A71 is primarily responsible for causing hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in children. However, this virus can also lead to severe and potentially fatal neurological consequences in affected individuals. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the molecular virology, epidemiology, and recombination events associated with EV-A71. The literature extensively covers the clinical manifestations and neurological symptoms that accompany EV-A71 infections...
March 14, 2024: Biomedical Journal
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Michail Papantoniou, Konstantinos -Vasileios Tsatinas, Maria Gryllia
INTRODUCTION: Acute transverse myelitis (ATM) refers to a rare severe acquired spinal cord inflammation, with a challenging diagnostic work-up and treatment. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 42-year-old patient who presented with loss of temperature and pain sensation beneath the C5 dermatome in her left side and reported a history of a possible respiratory tract illness 10 days ago. Within 2 days, clinical worsening was noted, compatible with Brown-Sequard syndrome...
March 15, 2024: Spinal Cord Series and Cases
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alexandra B Kornbluh, Victor M Campano, Claire Har, Pallavi Dwivedi, William Suslovic, Leigh Sepeta, Ilana Kahn
BACKGROUND: Eosinophils in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are an uncommon finding most often associated with parasitic infections, but have also been described in some neuroinflammatory disorders. Eosinophilic infiltration is not thought to be a typical feature of myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD). We aim to describe the rate of CSF eosinophil positivity in a cohort of pediatric MOGAD patients. METHODS: Single-center retrospective chart review of pediatric MOGAD patients...
March 9, 2024: Multiple Sclerosis and related Disorders
#16
Ningwen Li, Ruoxuan Zhang, Jue Wang, Xiaojian Zhu, Fankai Meng, Yang Cao, Gaoxiang Wang, Yang Yang
BACKGROUND: The development of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy has revolutionized treatment outcomes in patients with lymphoid malignancies. However, several studies have reported a relatively high rate of infection in adult patients following CD19-targeting CAR T-cell therapy, particularly in the first 28 days. Notably, acute human herpesvirus 6 B (HHV6B) reactivation occurs in up to two-thirds of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation patients. CASE PRESENTATIONS: Herein, we describe a report of HHV6B encephalitis/myelitis in three patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma post CAR T-cell therapy...
2024: Frontiers in Neurology
#17
Fnu Karishma, Fnu Harsha, Sindhu Rani, Saman Siddique, Kiran Kumari, Fnu Mainka, Hira Nasir
Dengue fever, the most prevalent arbovirus disease, has a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic to dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Dengue fever has the potential to involve the nervous system. Acute transverse myelitis is a life-threatening complication of dengue fever, though rarely reported. We report a case of dengue fever-induced transverse myelitis in a 51-year-old male who presented with progressive paraplegia, sensory disturbance, and urinary retention preceded by a febrile illness, vomiting, and retro-orbital pain two weeks before...
February 2024: Curēus
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kota Senpuku, Chikako Kataoka-Nakamura, Yuta Kunishima, Toshiro Hirai, Yasuo Yoshioka
Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68), a pathogen that causes respiratory symptoms, mainly in children, has been implicated in acute flaccid myelitis, which is a poliomyelitis-like paralysis. Currently, there are no licensed vaccines or treatments for EV-D68 infections. Here, we investigated the optimal viral inactivation reagents, vaccine adjuvants, and route of vaccination in mice to optimize an inactivated whole-virion (WV) vaccine against EV-D68. We used formalin, β-propiolactone (BPL), and hydrogen peroxide as viral inactivation reagents and compared their effects on antibody responses...
March 11, 2024: Vaccine
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yurie Murayama, Yuta Aizawa, Tatsuki Ikuse, Ryohei Izumita, Shunsuke Nukaga, Masahiro Kaneko, Takeshi Yamada, Takeshi Ono, Ko Matsui, Masashi Suda, Akihiko Saitoh
Human rhinovirus (HRV) has been sporadically detected in patients with acute flaccid myelitis (AFM). We report a case of AFM in a 2-year-old boy with severe neurologic sequelae, whose nasopharyngeal and stool samples tested positive for HRV-A19. Clinical information related to AFM with HRV is limited. Further study of the association of AFM with HRV is warranted.
March 6, 2024: Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Amanda Austin-Keiller, Christine Saint-Martin, Kenneth A Myers
We describe a patient with acute encephalopathy with biphasic seizures and late reduced diffusion (AESD) with unique features, including concurrent transverse myelitis. A 2-year-old previously healthy girl had clinical findings consistent with AESD, occurring in association with influenza A infection. The posterior brain regions were most severely affected, resulting in cortical blindness. She also developed bilateral limb weakness, and spine MRI revealed transverse myelitis in the cervical region. She was treated acutely with intravenous methylprednisolone...
February 29, 2024: Epileptic Disorders: International Epilepsy Journal with Videotape
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