Hematemesis

Esophageal submucosal hematoma is a rare, often incidental complication of therapeutic endoscopic procedures marked by disrupted blood vessels beneath the esophageal mucosa, forming a hematoma. We report the unique case of a severely thin and alcoholic 38-year-old woman with a history of reflux esophagitis who developed an esophageal submucosal hematoma during an unsedated transnasal endoscopy for health check-up. During the procedure, the patient experienced strong vomiting reflexes and vomited blood, leading to the initial suspicion of either Mallory-Weiss syndrome or epistaxis...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: More than 20% of patients with extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO) may be deemed as nonshuntable due to lack of a suitable vein. The role of "makeshift shunts" or "lesser shunts" assumes importance in such cases. In this report, the authors have shared their experience with the makeshift shunts in the management of portal hypertension in children with emphasis upon anatomic considerations, resolution of symptoms, outcomes after surgery, and shunt patency...

Gastric duplication cysts (GDCs) in adults are exceedingly rare, with only a few documented cases in medical literature. The spectrum of clinical presentations varies widely, ranging from asymptomatic to severe symptoms such as hematemesis, vomiting or abdominal pain. Among the less common complications associated with GDCs, segmental portal hypertension is a notable rarity. We present a compelling case report of a patient exhibiting signs of segmental portal hypertension, where ultrasound and echo-endoscopy revealed a sizable gastric duplication cyst as the underlying etiology...

This case report describes an 80-year-old female patient admitted to the emergency department due to abdominal distension, abdominal pain, and hematemesis persisting for three days. Subsequent postoperative pathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of peritoneal cancer. The occurrence, diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of primary peritoneal cancer (PPC) are presented in detail. PPC is a type of cancer originating from the primary peritoneal mesothelium organization, causing diffuse malignant tumors in the abdominal and pelvic regions...

Progressive carcinogenesis of a gastric polyp with transformation to gastric adenocarcinoma and subsequent development of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis is described in an adult male Scottish terrier. Presenting clinical signs consisted of vomiting with intermittent hematemesis. Surgical biopsies over the course of 14 months documented the progression from gastric polyp to minimally invasive gastric carcinoma to invasive gastric adenocarcinoma, a pathogenesis not previously documented in veterinary oncology...

The retention of a surgical sponge is a rare complication that presents diagnostic challenges and carries the risk of potential complications. Two distinct foreign body reactions, fibrinous, and exudative, can result in the formation of a granuloma (known as gossypiboma) or lead to complications such as abscess formation and migration into the gastrointestinal tract. In this report, we present the case of a 33-year-old woman with a history of splenectomy who presented with symptoms including epigastric pain, vomiting, and episodes of hematemesis...

BACKGROUND: Congenital enteric duplication cysts are tubular or cystic structures that normally lie alongside the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Enteric duplication cysts are typically solitary lesions that occur anywhere near the GI tract from the neck to the rectum, but having multiple duplication cysts is rare, and presentation within the pancreas is extremely rare. CASE SUMMARY: We herein demonstrate a case of esophageal, gastric, and gastric-type duplication cyst of the pancreas in a seventeen-month-old girl who presented with failure to thrive, abdominal pain, vomiting, hematemesis, and melena since the age of three months...

BACKGROUND: Acute non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (ANVUGIB) constitutes a prevalent emergency within Gastroenterology, encompassing 80%-90% of all gastrointestinal hemorrhage incidents. This condition is distinguished by its abrupt onset, swift progression, and notably elevated mortality rate. AIM: To gather clinical data from patients with ANVUGIB at our hospital in order to elucidate the clinical characteristics specific to our institution and analyze the therapeutic effectiveness of endoscopic hemostasis...

A 2-year-old boy presented to Kapsowar Mission Hospital in Kenya with a history of general tiredness associated with mild, unilateral epistaxis and one episode of hematemesis. On admission, he had a hemoglobin value of 3.5 g/dL, with a white cell count of 20.6 × 109/L. The child was examined by the physician on call, with no source of bleeding found. Later that day, after a local physician noted that the presentation could be due to an unrecognized leech infestation, a deep examination of the oropharynx was performed with a laryngoscope and revealed a leech attached deep in the oropharynx...

Traumatic diaphragmatic hernia is a sign of severe thoracoabdominal trauma that is often difficult to detect because of nonspecific presenting symptoms, delayed presentation, and distracting injuries. Diagnosis depends on imaging and a high degree of suspicion in patients who present with respiratory or gastrointestinal symptoms after trauma, and prompt surgical repair is required. This case reviews a patient who presented to the emergency department with burning epigastric pain radiating to the left chest and hematemesis ~1 month after sustaining a blunt abdominal injury...

INTRODUCTION: Upper gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a medical condition commonly seen in clinical practice due to variable etiologies and a multitude of presentations. The patients can present with hematemesis, melena, or hematochezia in case of severe bleeding. The initial evaluation should involve assessing the hemodynamic status with adequate resuscitation followed by diagnostic tests to identify the source and potentially treat it. Dieulafoy's lesion, sometimes referred to as Dieulafoy's disease, is a rare cause of upper GI bleeding with no clear risk factors, which makes it a diagnostic conundrum...

Paraquat, a highly toxic herbicide, accounts for a substantial number of poisoning-related fatalities, primarily prevalent in agricultural regions. The ingestion gives rise to severe complications affecting various organs, including the lungs, gastrointestinal tract, kidneys and liver. This report details the case of an 18-year-old male who had been using cannabis for a year and inadvertently ingested paraquat. He presented at the emergency room exhibiting symptoms of vomiting characterized by hematemesis and regurgitated food particles, along with heartburn, dysphagia and reduced urine output...

A gastric ulcer is a tear in the stomach lining that manifests as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. Its occurrence is lesser in children as compared to adults and its incidence in children ranges between 2% and 8%. Helicobacter pylori and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are the most common causes of gastric ulcers. In our case, we report a 2.5-month-old male who presented with severe pallor, hematemesis, and melena with normal weight gain. The patient's mother was infected with COVID-19 a month ago and recovered within 5 days but kept using aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for a month during breastfeeding...

This is the case of a 52-year-old Indian lady who presented with hematemesis, severe anemia, and an abdominal lump in cardiac failure. On radiographic evaluation, the lesion appeared to be gross circumferential asymmetric proximal gastric wall thickening, with suspicion of gastric lymphoma or tubercular hypertrophic gastritis. After stabilization with multiple transfusions, she underwent proximal D2 gastrectomy with esophago-gastric anastomosis and a total splenectomy. Grossly, the gastric rugae appeared to be hypertrophied and firm...

A 73-year-old man was admitted with four weeks of intermittent fever. He had a history of total aortic arch replacement for aortic arch aneurysm four years prior. CT scans showed no abnormalities before admission. Repeated blood cultures yielded Streptococcus anginosus and Prevotella melaninogenica, suggesting infective endocarditis (IE). Transesophageal echocardiography revealed a vegetation on the aortic valve, confirming IE. He suddenly presented with massive hematemesis and hypotension. Endoscopy revealed an elevated lesion with a laceration but no active bleeding in the esophagus...

Metastatic gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors classically appear as contrast-enhancing lesions on computed tomography. However, in a small percentage of patients, these lesions can be cystic in nature, leading to false diagnoses of benign or infectious lesions such as echinococcosis. Hence, every cystic lesion of the liver must be carefully investigated before making the treatment plan. We report a patient with hematemesis caused by a large gastric ulcer with multiple cystic lesions in the left lobe of the liver abutting the stomach...

Combined hepatocellular-cholangiocarcinoma (cHCC-CC) is a liver tumor with features of both hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC). It consists of intermingled malignant biliary and hepatic tissue and thus a distinct entity, rather than two separate coexisting malignancies. A 59-year-old female with a history of hepatitis C and cirrhosis presented with abdominal pain and altered mental status. She developed hematemesis, and despite extensive interventions, she expired one day after her initial presentation...

PURPOSE: Alarm symptoms (red flag signs) are crucial indications for management decisions on pediatric gastrointestinal endoscopy. We aimed to identify items in the alarm symptoms and pre-endoscopic investigations that predict abnormal endoscopy results. METHODS: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted among children aged under 18 years undergoing endoscopy. The patients were classified into normal and abnormal endoscopic groups. The incidence of alarm symptoms and pre-endoscopic investigations were compared between the groups...

An unusual manifestation caused by cholecystitis, infection, or iatrogenic damage after cholecystectomy is a pseudoaneurysm of the cystic artery. We report this rare illness in a 64-year-old man who visited the emergency room with hematemesis and anemia. The patient initially experienced acute cholecystitis and then underwent a laparoscopic cholecystectomy following which he developed a cystic artery pseudoaneurysm, secondary to infected fluid collection. Based on the patient's history and contrast-enhanced computer tomography abdomen, a diagnosis of pseudoaneurysm of the cystic artery was made...

INTRODUCTION: Short bowel syndrome (SBS) resulting from acute aortic dissection (AAD)-induced visceral malperfusions leads to chronic intestinal failure (CIF), necessitating patients to adopt home parenteral nutrition to prevent malabsorption. Teduglutide (TED), a glucagon-like peptide-2 analog, is a promising pharmacotherapy for intestinal rehabilitation that reduces parenteral support and improves the quality of life. Gastric mucosal necrosis, a rare gastrointestinal disorder, had never been observed as an adverse event relevant to this drug...