Use the keywords feature with a free QxMD account.
Use Read by QxMD to access full text via your institution or open access sources.
Read also provides personalized recommendations to keep you up to date in your field.
Existing User
Sign InNew to Read
Sign Up#21
Warren Cornwall
Some worry the findings will stall efforts to halt logging-the root cause of caribou population declines.
April 26, 2024: Science
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jon Cohen
Veterinarians and researchers say it has taken too long to share data on viral changes, spread, and milk safety.
April 26, 2024: Science
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Elizabeth Pennisi
A gene mutation tied to exploratory behavior may have jump-started the evolution of hundreds of cichlid species.
April 26, 2024: Science
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Penny F Langhammer, Joseph W Bull, Jake E Bicknell, Joseph L Oakley, Mary H Brown, Michael W Bruford, Stuart H M Butchart, Jamie A Carr, Don Church, Rosie Cooney, Simone Cutajar, Wendy Foden, Matthew N Foster, Claude Gascon, Jonas Geldmann, Piero Genovesi, Michael Hoffmann, Jo Howard-McCombe, Tiffany Lewis, Nicholas B W Macfarlane, Zoe E Melvin, Rossana Stoltz Merizalde, Meredith G Morehouse, Shyama Pagad, Beth Polidoro, Wes Sechrest, Gernot Segelbacher, Kevin G Smith, Janna Steadman, Kyle Strongin, Jake Williams, Stephen Woodley, Thomas M Brooks
Governments recently adopted new global targets to halt and reverse the loss of biodiversity. It is therefore crucial to understand the outcomes of conservation actions. We conducted a global meta-analysis of 186 studies (including 665 trials) that measured biodiversity over time and compared outcomes under conservation action with a suitable counterfactual of no action. We find that in two-thirds of cases, conservation either improved the state of biodiversity or at least slowed declines. Specifically, we find that interventions targeted at species and ecosystems, such as invasive species control, habitat loss reduction and restoration, protected areas, and sustainable management, are highly effective and have large effect sizes...
April 26, 2024: Science
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sinika Henschke, Hendrik Nolte, Judith Magoley, Tatjana Kleele, Claus Brandt, A Christine Hausen, Claudia M Wunderlich, Corinna A Bauder, Philipp Aschauer, Suliana Manley, Thomas Langer, F Thomas Wunderlich, Jens C Brüning
Liver mitochondria play a central role in metabolic adaptations to changing nutritional states, yet their dynamic regulation upon anticipated changes in nutrient availability has remained unaddressed. Here, we found that sensory food perception rapidly induced mitochondrial fragmentation in the liver through protein kinase B/AKT (AKT)-dependent phosphorylation of serine 131 of the mitochondrial fission factor (MFFS131). This response was mediated by activation of hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-expressing neurons...
April 26, 2024: Science
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Evangelos Giampazolias, Mariana Pereira da Costa, Khiem C Lam, Kok Haw Jonathan Lim, Ana Cardoso, Cécile Piot, Probir Chakravarty, Sonja Blasche, Swara Patel, Adi Biram, Tomas Castro-Dopico, Michael D Buck, Richard R Rodrigues, Gry Juul Poulsen, Susana A Palma-Duran, Neil C Rogers, Maria A Koufaki, Carlos M Minutti, Pengbo Wang, Alexander Vdovin, Bruno Frederico, Eleanor Childs, Sonia Lee, Ben Simpson, Andrea Iseppon, Sara Omenetti, Gavin Kelly, Robert Goldstone, Emma Nye, Alejandro Suárez-Bonnet, Simon L Priestnall, James I MacRae, Santiago Zelenay, Kiran Raosaheb Patil, Kevin Litchfield, James C Lee, Tine Jess, Romina S Goldszmid, Caetano Reis E Sousa
A role for vitamin D in immune modulation and in cancer has been suggested. In this work, we report that mice with increased availability of vitamin D display greater immune-dependent resistance to transplantable cancers and augmented responses to checkpoint blockade immunotherapies. Similarly, in humans, vitamin D-induced genes correlate with improved responses to immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment as well as with immunity to cancer and increased overall survival. In mice, resistance is attributable to the activity of vitamin D on intestinal epithelial cells, which alters microbiome composition in favor of Bacteroides fragilis , which positively regulates cancer immunity...
April 26, 2024: Science
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ciliopathy patient variants reveal organelle-specific functions for TUBB4B in axonemal microtubules.
Daniel O Dodd, Sabrina Mechaussier, Patricia L Yeyati, Fraser McPhie, Jacob R Anderson, Chen Jing Khoo, Amelia Shoemark, Deepesh K Gupta, Thomas Attard, Maimoona A Zariwala, Marie Legendre, Diana Bracht, Julia Wallmeier, Miao Gui, Mahmoud R Fassad, David A Parry, Peter A Tennant, Alison Meynert, Gabrielle Wheway, Lucas Fares-Taie, Holly A Black, Rana Mitri-Frangieh, Catherine Faucon, Josseline Kaplan, Mitali Patel, Lisa McKie, Roly Megaw, Christos Gatsogiannis, Mai A Mohamed, Stuart Aitken, Philippe Gautier, Finn R Reinholt, Robert A Hirst, Chris O'Callaghan, Ketil Heimdal, Mathieu Bottier, Estelle Escudier, Suzanne Crowley, Maria Descartes, Ethylin W Jabs, Priti Kenia, Jeanne Amiel, Giacomo Maria Bacci, Claudia Calogero, Viviana Palazzo, Lucia Tiberi, Ulrike Blümlein, Andrew Rogers, Jennifer A Wambach, Daniel J Wegner, Anne B Fulton, Margaret Kenna, Margaret Rosenfeld, Ingrid A Holm, Alan Quigley, Emma A Hall, Laura C Murphy, Diane M Cassidy, Alex von Kriegsheim, Jean-François Papon, Laurent Pasquier, Marlène S Murris, James D Chalmers, Claire Hogg, Kenneth A Macleod, Don S Urquhart, Stefan Unger, Timothy J Aitman, Serge Amselem, Margaret W Leigh, Michael R Knowles, Heymut Omran, Hannah M Mitchison, Alan Brown, Joseph A Marsh, Julie P I Welburn, Shih-Chieh Ti, Amjad Horani, Jean-Michel Rozet, Isabelle Perrault, Pleasantine Mill
Tubulin, one of the most abundant cytoskeletal building blocks, has numerous isotypes in metazoans encoded by different conserved genes. Whether these distinct isotypes form cell type- and context-specific microtubule structures is poorly understood. Based on a cohort of 12 patients with primary ciliary dyskinesia as well as mouse mutants, we identified and characterized variants in the TUBB4B isotype that specifically perturbed centriole and cilium biogenesis. Distinct TUBB4B variants differentially affected microtubule dynamics and cilia formation in a dominant-negative manner...
April 26, 2024: Science
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Carolin Sommer-Trembo, M Emília Santos, Bethan Clark, Marco Werner, Antoine Fages, Michael Matschiner, Simon Hornung, Fabrizia Ronco, Chantal Oliver, Cody Garcia, Patrick Tschopp, Milan Malinsky, Walter Salzburger
Behavior is critical for animal survival and reproduction, and possibly for diversification and evolutionary radiation. However, the genetics behind adaptive variation in behavior are poorly understood. In this work, we examined a fundamental and widespread behavioral trait, exploratory behavior, in one of the largest adaptive radiations on Earth, the cichlid fishes of Lake Tanganyika. By integrating quantitative behavioral data from 57 cichlid species (702 wild-caught individuals) with high-resolution ecomorphological and genomic information, we show that exploratory behavior is linked to macrohabitat niche adaptations in Tanganyikan cichlids...
April 26, 2024: Science
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alizée Meillère, Katherine L Buchanan, Justin R Eastwood, Mylene M Mariette
Noise pollution is expanding at an unprecedented rate and is increasingly associated with impaired reproduction and development across taxa. However, whether noise sound waves are intrinsically harmful for developing young-or merely disturb parents-and the fitness consequences of early exposure remain unknown. Here, by only manipulating the offspring, we show that sole exposure to noise in early life in zebra finches has fitness consequences and causes embryonic death during exposure. Exposure to pre- and postnatal traffic noise cumulatively impaired nestling growth and physiology and aggravated telomere shortening across life stages until adulthood...
April 26, 2024: Science
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kseniia Dudnyk, Donghong Cai, Chenlai Shi, Jian Xu, Jian Zhou
Transcription initiation is a process that is essential to ensuring the proper function of any gene, yet we still lack a unified understanding of sequence patterns and rules that explain most transcription start sites in the human genome. By predicting transcription initiation at base-pair resolution from sequences with a deep learning-inspired explainable model called Puffin, we show that a small set of simple rules can explain transcription initiation at most human promoters. We identify key sequence patterns that contribute to human promoter activity, each activating transcription with distinct position-specific effects...
April 26, 2024: Science
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sarah F Brosnan
Primatologist who brought animals and humans "a little closer".
April 26, 2024: Science
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kenneth Kay, Natalie Biderman, Ramin Khajeh, Manuel Beiran, Christopher J Cueva, Daphna Shohamy, Greg Jensen, Xue-Xin Wei, Vincent P Ferrera, L F Abbott
Relational cognition-the ability to infer relationships that generalize to novel combinations of objects-is fundamental to human and animal intelligence. Despite this importance, it remains unclear how relational cognition is implemented in the brain due in part to a lack of hypotheses and predictions at the levels of collective neural activity and behavior. Here we discovered, analyzed, and experimentally tested neural networks (NNs) that perform transitive inference (TI), a classic relational task (if A > B and B > C, then A > C)...
April 25, 2024: PLoS Computational Biology
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jason Z Chen, Zeeyong Kwong, Nicole M Gerardo, Nic M Vega
Specialized host-microbe symbioses canonically show greater diversity than expected from simple models, both at the population level and within individual hosts. To understand how this heterogeneity arises, we utilize the squash bug, Anasa tristis, and its bacterial symbionts in the genus Caballeronia. We modulate symbiont bottleneck size and inoculum composition during colonization to demonstrate the significance of ecological drift, the noisy fluctuations in community composition due to demographic stochasticity...
April 25, 2024: PLoS Biology
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Germán Ricardo Magaña-Ávila, Erika Moreno, Consuelo Plata, Héctor Carbajal-Contreras, Adrian Rafael Murillo-de-Ozores, Kevin García-Ávila, Norma Vázquez, Maria Syed, Jan Wysocki, Daniel Batlle, Gerardo Gamba, María Castañeda-Bueno
Severe cases of COVID-19 are characterized by development of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Water accumulation in the lungs is thought to occur as consequence of an exaggerated inflammatory response. A possible mechanism could involve decreased activity of the epithelial Na+ channel, ENaC, expressed in type II pneumocytes. Reduced transepithelial Na+ reabsorption could contribute to lung edema due to reduced alveolar fluid clearance. This hypothesis is based on the observation of the presence of a novel furin cleavage site in the S protein of SARS-CoV-2 that is identical to the furin cleavage site present in the alpha subunit of ENaC...
2024: PloS One
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Luciano Adorini, Kristoffer Rigbolt, Michael Feigh, Jonathan Roth, Mary Erickson
The nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a master regulator of bile acid and metabolic homeostasis, is a key target for treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This study compared efficacy of FXR agonists obeticholic acid (OCA) and INT-787 by liver histopathology, plasma biomarkers of liver damage, and hepatic gene expression profiles in the Amylin liver NASH (AMLN) diet-induced and biopsy-confirmed Lepob/ob mouse model of NASH. Lepob/ob mice were fed the AMLN diet for 12 weeks before liver biopsy and subsequent treatment with vehicle, OCA, or INT-787 for 8 weeks...
2024: PloS One
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Callan O'Connor, Gregory R Keele, Whitney Martin, Timothy Stodola, Daniel Gatti, Brian R Hoffman, Ron Korstanje, Gary A Churchill, Laura G Reinholdt
The health risks that arise from environmental exposures vary widely within and across human populations, and these differences are largely determined by genetic variation and gene-by-environment (gene-environment) interactions. However, risk assessment in laboratory mice typically involves isogenic strains and therefore, does not account for these known genetic effects. In this context, genetically heterogenous cell lines from laboratory mice are promising tools for population-based screening because they provide a way to introduce genetic variation in risk assessment without increasing animal use...
April 25, 2024: PLoS Genetics
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Richard Leblanc
This article addresses the discrepancy between Edouard Hitzig's and David Ferrier's findings on the cortical localization of movements in animals and Jean-Martin Charcot's findings in humans. The results of Hitzig's and Ferrier's vivisections were criticized by experimentalists in England and France as discordant, irreproducible, and inconclusive, and they were rejected by clinicians as irrelevant. Charcot addressed the gap between animal and human motor function by correlating motor deficits and focal epileptic seizures in patients to their autopsy findings...
April 25, 2024: Journal of the History of the Neurosciences
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kory P Luedke, Jiro Yoshino, Chang Yin, Nan Jiang, Jessica M Huang, Kevin Huynh, Jay Z Parrish
An animal's skin provides a first point of contact with the sensory environment, including noxious cues that elicit protective behavioral responses. Nociceptive somatosensory neurons densely innervate and intimately interact with epidermal cells to receive these cues, however the mechanisms by which epidermal interactions shape processing of noxious inputs is still poorly understood. Here, we identify a role for dendrite intercalation between epidermal cells in tuning sensitivity of Drosophila larvae to noxious mechanical stimuli...
April 25, 2024: PLoS Genetics
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sujung Lee, Jiyeon Kim, Hyunseok Kong, Yong-Suk Kim
With aging, men develop testosterone-deficiency syndrome (TDS). The development is closely associated with age-related mitochondrial dysfunction of Leydig cell and oxidative stress-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS). Testosterone-replacement therapy (TRT) is used to improve the symptoms of TDS. However, due to its various side effects, research on functional ingredients derived from natural products that do not have side effects is urgently needed. In this study, using the mitochondrial dysfunction TM3 (mouse Leydig) cells, in which testosterone biosynthesis is reduced by H2O2, we evaluated the effects of elderberry extract and monosaccharide-amino acid (fructose-leucine; FL) on mRNA and protein levels related to steroidogenesis-related enzymes steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR), cytochrome P450 11A1(CYP11A1, cytochrome P450 17A1(CYP17A1), cytochrome P450 19A1(CYP19A1, aromatase), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD), and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase(17β-HSD)...
2024: PloS One
#40
COMPARATIVE STUDY
Aiden E Juge, Reinaldo F Cooke, Guadalupe Ceja, Morgan Matt, Courtney L Daigle
Clinical illness (CI) scoring using visual observation is the most widely applied method of detecting respiratory disease in cattle but has limited effectiveness in practice. In contrast, body-mounted sensor technology effectively facilitates disease detection. To evaluate whether a combination of movement behavior and CI scoring is effective for disease detection, cattle were vaccinated to induce a temporary inflammatory immune response. Cattle were evaluated before and after vaccination to identify the CI variables that are most indicative of sick cattle...
2024: PloS One
Make the most of Read.
Download the mobile app.
Download the mobile app.
Fetching more papers... 
