Ipw

Background: Infertility treatment with assisted reproductive technologies (ART) has been associated with adverse vascular events in some, but not all previous studies. Endothelial damage, prothrombotic factor release, and a higher prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in those receiving ART have been invoked to explain this association. We sought to explore the relationship between ART and stroke risk using population-level data. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data from the National Inpatient Sample (NIS) registry from 2015-2020, including all delivery hospitalizations for patients aged 15-55 years...

Excess mortality observed in people with schizophrenia may persist in later life. The specific causes of increased mortality observed in older adults with schizophrenia and the potential influence of psychotropic medications remain partly unknown. We compared 5-year mortality and its causes of older adults with schizophrenia to bipolar disorder (BD) or major depressive disorder (MDD). We used a 5-year prospective cohort, including 564 older inpatients and outpatients with schizophrenia, BD or MDD (mean age: 67...

The Advanced Trauma Life Support (ATLS) approach is generally accepted as the standard of care for the initial management of severely injured patients. While whole body computed tomography (WBCT) is still considered a contraindication in haemodynamically unstable trauma patients, there is a growing amount of data indicating the absence of harm from cross sectional imaging in this patient group. Our study aimed to compare the early mortality of unstable trauma patients undergoing a WBCT during the initial workup with those who did not...

Evaluating causal effects in the presence of interference is challenging in network-based studies of hard-to-reach populations. Like many such populations, people who inject drugs (PWID) are embedded in social networks and often exert influence on others in their network. In our setting, the study design is observational with a non-randomized network-based HIV prevention intervention. Information is available on each participant and their connections that confer possible HIV risk through injection and sexual behaviors...

OBJECTIVES: The merits of early enteral nutrition (EEN) in patients in the cardiothoracic intensive care unit (CTICU) remain unclear. This retrospective study aimed to address this issue. METHODS: We analyzed data from the MIMIC IV v2.0 database, including patients with a CTICU stay of ≥4 d. Patients were divided into early and delayed enteral nutrition (EN) groups. Differences in baseline data were corrected using an inverse probability weighting (IPW) approach...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between antenatal corticosteroids exposure and postnatal growth in infants born at 23-29 weeks' gestation. STUDY DESIGN: This retrospective study used data from the Pediatrix Clinical Data Warehouse. Maternal-infant dyads from 2018 to 2020 were included. Inverse propensity weighting (IPW) was applied to balance pre-treatment confounders. Primary outcomes included postnatal weight, length, and head circumference growth trajectory percentiles...

INTRODUCTION: Predictive models for Clostridioides difficile (C. difficile) infection can identify high risk patients and aid clinicians in preventing infection. Issues of generalisability regarding current predictive models have been acknowledged but to our knowledge have never been quantified. METHODS: Through case-control sampling from an urban safety-net hospital, we created C. difficile infection, severity, and recurrence predictive models using multivariate logistic regression...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Traditional risk factors for serious infections with advanced therapies in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) have been assessed at baseline prior to starting therapy. We evaluated the impact of treatment response on the risk of serious infections in adalimumab-treated patients with CD through secondary analysis of the PYRAMID registry (NCT00524537). METHODS: We included patients with CD who initiated adalimumab and classified them as treatment responders (achieved steroid-free clinical remission based on patient-reported outcomes) vs...

Multiple mental health disorders affect on decisions of people. The disorders are also outcomes of other factors. Health studies commonly follow an inverse propensity weight (IPW) method to address estimation errors associated with the presence of one confounder or covariate number exceeding the recommended sample size. However, approaches of IPW appropriate to alleviate the estimation error associated with multiple confounders distributed unequally in the study samples were not explained in our search literature...

BACKGROUND: Propensity score methods are used in observational studies to compensate for the lack of random allocation by balancing measured baseline characteristics between treated and untreated patients. We sought to explain the treatment effect estimates derived from different propensity score methods. METHODS: We performed a retrospective analysis of long-term mortality after single internal mammary artery versus bilateral internal mammary artery (BIMA) conduit in 47 984 index isolated coronary artery bypass grafting procedures from 1992 to 2014 in the Northern New England Cardiovascular Disease Study Group registry using multivariable Cox regression, 1:1 propensity score matching, inverse probability weighting (IPW) among the treated, and IPW among the overall population treatment estimates...

OBJECTIVE: Difficult intravenous access (DIVA) patients are known to have disproportionately poorer vascular access outcomes. The impact of education and training on vascular access outcomes in this vulnerable population is unclear. We aim to demonstrate the success of a program (Operation (O) STICK) on improving vascular access outcomes in DIVA patients. METHODS: This was a quasi-experimental pre-post interventional study conducted at a tertiary care emergency department (ED) with 120,000 annual visits and 1100 hospital beds...

OBJECTIVES: This study compared the real-world effectiveness and safety of α 4 β 7 -integrin inhibitor vedolizumab and anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (anti-TNFα) inhibitor infliximab in biologic-naive patients with Crohn's disease (CD). METHODS: EVOLVE was a retrospective, multicenter, medical chart review of biologic-naive adults with inflammatory bowel disease receiving vedolizumab or anti-TNFα treatment as first-line biologics in Canada, Greece, and the USA...

BACKGROUND: Hyperglycemia has shown a negative association with cognitive dysfunction. We analyzed patients with high preoperative blood glucose level and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) level to determine the prevalence of postoperative delirium. METHODS: We reviewed a database of 23,532 patients with diabetes who underwent non-cardiac surgery. Acute hyperglycemia was defined as fasting blood glucose > 140 mg/dl or random glucose > 180 mg/dl within 24 h before surgery...

BACKGROUND: There are little clinical data on imaging-guided percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) 1 year after the biodegradable-polymer sirolimus-eluting stents (BP-SES) implantation, when the polymer disappears. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed 2455 patients who underwent successful PCI with BP-SES or durable-polymer everolimus-eluting stents (DP-EES) between September 2011 and March 2021, and compared 2-year clinical outcomes of BP-SES (n = 459) with DP-EES (n = 1996)...

BACKGROUND: We examined the association between hypoglycemia and the occurrence of early onset sepsis (EOS) in premature infants admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). METHODS: We included infants discharged from 358 NICUs between 1997 and 2020 with gestational age <34 weeks, ≥1 culture collected in the first 3 days of life, and ≥1 serum glucose value recorded on the day of or day prior to culture collection. We used multivariable logistic regression and inverse probability weighting (IPW) and constructed models for three definitions of hypoglycemia: American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), Pediatric Endocrine Society, and a definition based on neurodevelopmental studies...

This study investigates the impact of vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 on health outcomes and hospital contacts in children and adolescents aged 5-18 years infected with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, comparing previously vaccinated with unvaccinated. Using national register data, vaccinated and unvaccinated Danish children and adolescents with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test between 1 January and 31 March 2022 (Omicron dominance period) were included. The Prior Event Rate Ratio (PERR) was used to explore differences in hospital contacts (hospitalizations and emergency room (ER) visits), while Inverse Treatment Probability Weighted (IPW) risk ratios were used to explore the risk of severe health outcomes within six weeks following SARS-CoV-2 infection...

BACKGROUND: In transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TF-TAVI), which approach has lower vascular access site complications between the open puncture (OP) and percutaneous puncture (PP) approaches is still controversial. Moreover, few studies have analyzed risk factors for vascular access site complications in TF-TAVI. This study aimed to compare vascular access site complications between the OP and PP approaches in patients undergoing TF-TAVI and access risk factors for vascular access site complications...

BACKGROUND: Case-cohort studies are conducted within cohort studies, with the defining feature that collection of exposure data is limited to a subset of the cohort, leading to a large proportion of missing data by design. Standard analysis uses inverse probability weighting (IPW) to address this intended missing data, but little research has been conducted into how best to perform analysis when there is also unintended missingness. Multiple imputation (MI) has become a default standard for handling unintended missingness and is typically used in combination with IPW to handle the intended missingness due to the case-control sampling...

BACKGROUND: With continuous outcomes, the average causal effect is typically defined using a contrast of expected potential outcomes. However, in the presence of skewed outcome data, the expectation (population mean) may no longer be meaningful. In practice the typical approach is to continue defining the estimand this way or transform the outcome to obtain a more symmetric distribution, although neither approach may be entirely satisfactory. Alternatively the causal effect can be redefined as a contrast of median potential outcomes, yet discussion of confounding-adjustment methods to estimate the causal difference in medians is limited...

With the widespread application of low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) technology, pulmonary nodules have aroused more attention. Significant alteration in plasma metabolite levels, mainly amino acid and lipid, have been observed in patients of PNs. However, evidence on the association between central carbon metabolism and PNs are largely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the underlying association of PNs and plasma central carbon metabolites. We measured the levels of 16 plasma central carbon metabolites in 1954 participants who gained LDCT screening in MALSC cohort...