Immobilization

Most investigations on the immune cell-activating potency of IgA used purified total IgA and/or specific isolated cell populations. As IgA2 has been reported to be more pro-inflammatory than IgA1, we aimed to employ a fast and convenient whole blood-based assay to individually probe the capacity of the two IgA subclasses to activate immune cells in close physiological conditions. To this end, whole blood from healthy donors ( n  = 10) was stimulated with immobilized IgA1, IgA2m1 or IgA2m2 (the two main allotypic variants of IgA2)...

Histamine is a biogenic amine that poses a potential threat to public health due to its toxicological effects. In this study, we identified histamine-binding peptides by screening a random 12-mer peptide library, employing a novel biopanning approach that excluded histidine-binding sequences in the final round. This additional step enhanced the selectivity of the peptides and prevented interference from histidine during detection. The binding affinities of synthesized peptides to histamine were assessed using isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC)...

The immobilization of proteins on the surface of carriers is challenging due to the loss of protein structure and function in this process. Here, we report the development of the protein immobilization on the surface of the metallated-porphyrin complex in the porphysome nanocarrier. The conjugated Ni-porphyrin to fatty acid (as a tail) has been synthesized and independently placed at the depth of the bilayer center of Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) in which the Ni-porphyrin was at the polar region of the membrane and is thus superficial...

Metal-organic framework (MOF) particles are one of the most promising adsorbents for removing organic contaminants from wastewater. However, powder-type MOF particles face challenges in terms of utilization and recovery. In this study, a novel bead-type adsorbent was prepared using activated carbon based on the zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (AC-ZIF-8) and a regenerated cellulose hydrogel for dye removal. AC-ZIF-8 particles with a large surface area were obtained by carbonization and chemical activation with KOH...

More than 3000 proteins are now known to bind to glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). Yet, GAG-protein systems are rather poorly understood in terms of selectivity of recognition, molecular mechanism of action, and translational promise. High-throughput screening (HTS) technologies are critically needed for studying GAG biology and developing GAG-based therapeutics. Microarrays, developed within the past two decades, have now improved to the point of being the preferred tool in the HTS of biomolecules. GAG microarrays, in which GAG sequences are immobilized on slides, while similar to other microarrays, have their own sets of challenges and considerations...

Aerobic denitrification has emerged as a promising and efficient method for nitrogen removal from wastewater. However, the direct application of aerobic denitrifying bacteria has faced challenges such as low nitrogen removal efficiency, bacterial loss, and poor stability. To address these issues, this study developed a novel microbial particle carrier using NaHCO3 -modified polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/sodium alginate (SA) gel (NaHCO3 -PVA/SA). This carrier exhibits several advantageous properties, including excellent mass transfer efficiency, favorable biocompatibility, convenient film formation, abundant biomass, and exceptional pollutant treatment capacity...

In this comprehensive study, highlights emerging environmentally friendly methods to eliminating hazardous heavy metals from contaminated water, with an emphasis on bioremediation and biosorption. Breakthroughs, such as the combination of biological remediation and nanotechnology to improve the elimination of metals effectiveness and the use of genetically modified microbes for targeted pollutant breakdown. Developing biosorption materials made from agricultural waste and biochar, this indicates interesting areas for future research and emphasizes the necessity of sustainable practices in tackling heavy metal contamination in water systems...

OBJECTIVE: The results of surgical versus conservative treatment of acute Achilles tendon ruptures are still controversial. The objective of this study was to compare surgical and conservative treatment at a minimum follow-up of 1 year in terms of the complications, functional outcomes and clinical results. HYPOTHESES: There is no difference in the complications, clinical results and functional outcomes between the two treatment groups. There is no difference in the occurrence of complications or the clinical results due to the immobilization or rehabilitation protocols...

The issue of cadmium (Cd) contamination in alkaline soils is escalating, necessitating the prompt implementation of effective passivation strategies. Biochar has gained significant attention for its potential in immobilizing heavy metals; however, the suitability of biochar as a remediation material and its micro-scale interaction mechanisms with Cd under alkaline conditions remain unclear. Rape straw (RS) were pyrolyzed at 400°C (RB400) and 700°C (RB700) to produce biochar. Adsorption and soil incubation experiments were carried out to assess the feasibility of using rape straw derived biochar pyrolyze at different temperatures and understanding their remediation mechanisms in alkaline environments...

Clay minerals (CMs) and pyrogenic carbons (PCs) often co-exist in the environment and participate in the redox cycling of pollutants. This study unveiled the dual role of PCs in CM-dominated chromium transformation in both aqueous and agar solidification media. The findings showed that CMs and PCs adsorbed minimal Cr(VI), while reduced CMs and PCs displayed a substantial difference by directly reducing Cr(VI) to solid/dissolved Cr(III) through reactive structural Fe(II) and functional groups, respectively. Moreover, dissolved PCs were found to mediate electron transfer from reduced CMs to Cr(VI) in aqueous and solid media...

The detection of foodborne pathogenic bacteria is critical in preventing foodborne diseases. DNA-based electrochemical biosensors, with the merits of high sensitivity and short detection time, provide an effective detecting method for foodborne pathogens, attracting significant interest for the past few years. This review mainly describes the important research progress of DNA-based electrochemical biosensors for the detection of foodborne pathogenic bacteria through four perspectives: representative foodborne pathogens detection using electrochemical approaches, DNA immobilization strategies of aptamers, DNA-based signal amplification strategies used in electrochemical DNA sensors, and functional DNA used in electrochemical DNA sensors...

In this work, a colorimetric aptasensor based on magnetic beads (MBs), gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and Horseradish Peroxidase (HRP) was prepared for the detection of mucin 1 (MUC1). Complementary DNA of the MUC1 aptamer (Apt) immobilized on the MBs was combined with the prepared AuNPs-Apt-HRP complex (AuNPs@Apt-HRP). In the presence of MUC1, it specifically bound to Apt, resulting in the detachment of gold nanoparticles from the MBs. After magnetic separation, AuNPs@Apt-HRP was separated into the supernatant and reacted with 3,3',5,5'-Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) to produce color reaction from colorless to blue...

Modifying the carrier interface is a promising method to improve the microenvironment of immobilized enzymes and enhance their activity and stability. In this work, using proline as amino acid, magnetic metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were modified with an amino-acid-based ionic liquid (AAIL) with two hydroxyl groups followed by adsorption of porcine pancreatic lipase (PPL). The activity recovery of the prepared immobilized lipase (MMOF-AAIL/PPL) was up to 162 % higher than that of MMOF-PPL (70.8 %)...

Recycling waste into commercial products is a profitable strategy but the lifetime of immobilized cells for long-term waste treatment remains a problem. This study presents alternative cell immobilization methods for valorizing food waste (FW) and oily food waste (OFW) to microbial carotenoids and proteins. Carriers (pumice or smectite), magnetite nanoparticles, and isolated photosynthetic bacteria were integrated to obtain magnetically recoverable bacteria-pumice and bacteria-smectite nanocomposites. After recycling five batches (50 d), chemical oxygen demand removal from FW reached 76% and 78% with the bacteria-pumice and bacteria-smectite nanocomposite treatments, respectively, and oil degradation in OFW reached 71% and 62%, respectively...

The field of biosensing would significantly benefit from a disruptive technology enabling flexible manufacturing of uniform electrodes. Inkjet printing holds promise for this, although realizing full electrode manufacturing with this technology remains challenging. We introduce a nitrogen-doped carboxylated graphene ink (NGA-ink) compatible with commercially available printing technologies. The water-based and additive-free NGA-ink was utilized to produce fully inkjet-printed electrodes (IPEs), which demonstrated successful electrochemical detection of the important neurotransmitter dopamine...

PURPOSE: This study presents a network meta-analysis aimed at evaluating nonsurgical treatment modalities for De Quervain tenosynovitis. The primary objective was to assess the comparative effectiveness of nonsurgical treatment options. METHODS: The systematic review was conducted following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Searches were performed in multiple databases, and studies meeting predefined criteria were included...

Recent works on electric bubbles (including the experimental demonstration of electric skyrmions) constitute a breakthrough akin to the discovery of magnetic skyrmions some 15 years ago. So far research has focused on obtaining and visualizing these objects, which often appear to be immobile (pinned) in experiments. Thus, critical aspects of magnetic skyrmions-e.g., their quasiparticle nature, Brownian motion-remain unexplored (unproven) for electric bubbles. Here we use predictive atomistic simulations to investigate the basic dynamical properties of these objects in pinning-free model systems...

Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) were biosynthesized using sage ( Salvia officinalis L.) extract. The obtained nanoparticles were supported on SBA-15 mesoporous silica (S), before and after immobilization of 10% TiO2 (Degussa-P25, STp; commercial rutile, STr; and silica synthesized from Ti butoxide, STb). The formation of AgNPs was confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The plasmon resonance effect, evidenced by UV-Vis spectra, was preserved after immobilization only for the sample supported on STb. The immobilization and dispersion properties of AgNPs on supports were evidenced by TEM microscopy, energy-dispersive X-rays, dynamic light scattering, photoluminescence and FT-IR spectroscopy...

Immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography (IMAC) adsorbents generally have excellent affinity for histidine-rich proteins. However, the leaching of metal ions from the adsorbent usually affects its adsorption performance, which greatly affects the reusable performance of the adsorbent, resulting in many limitations in practical applications. Herein, a novel IMAC adsorbent, i.e., Cu(II)-loaded polydopamine-coated urchin-like titanate microspheres (Cu-PDA-UTMS), was prepared via metal coordination to make Cu ions uniformly decorate polydopamine-coated titanate microspheres...

This report demonstrates the first asymmetric synthesis of enantiopure structured triacylglycerols (TAGs) of the ABC type presenting three non-identical fatty acids, two of which are unsaturated. The unsaturated fatty acids included monounsaturated oleic acid (C18:1 n-9) and polyunsaturated linoleic acid (C18:2 n-6). This was accomplished by a six-step chemoenzymatic approach starting from ( R )- and ( S )-solketals. The highly regioselective immobilized Candida antarctica lipase (CAL-B) played a crucial role in the regiocontrol of the synthesis...