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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mabroka H Saad, Nagwa M Sidkey, Esmail M El-Fakharany
Several antiviral agents lost their efficacy due to their severe side effects and virus mutations. This study aimed to identify and optimize the conditions for exopolysaccharide (EPS) production from a newly isolated cyanobacterium, Acaryochloris Al-Azhar MNE ON864448.1, besides exploring its antiviral activity. The cyanobacterial EPS was purified through DEAE-52 cellulose column with a final yield of 83.75%. Different analysis instruments were applied for EPS identification, including Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)...
April 22, 2024: Microbial Cell Factories
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yajie Hu, Minigmei Zhong, Yaming Lv, Wei Zhao, Baojiang Qian, Jie Song, Yunhui Zhang
Coxsackievirus-A10 (CV-A10), responsible for the hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) pandemic, could cause serious central nervous system (CNS) complications. The underlying molecular basis of CV-A10 and host interactions inducing neuropathogenesis is still unclear. The Hippo signaling pathway, historically known for a dominator of organ development and homeostasis, has recently been implicated as an immune regulator. However, its role in host defense against CV-A10 has not been investigated. Herein, it was found that CV-A10 proliferated in HMC3 cells and promoted the release of inflammatory cytokines...
April 19, 2024: Virology Journal
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shigeru Koizumi, Kazuhiro Inafuku
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
March 12, 2024: Dermatology Reports
#4
Mohammad Jahangiri, Akhil Padarti, William A Kilgo
Transverse myelitis (TM) is a rare inflammatory disorder of the spinal cord that infections, vaccines, and autoimmune processes can cause or may have no discernible cause. About half of the cases are caused by an infection, usually a viral respiratory infection, flu-like illness, or sometimes a gastrointestinal infection. Although coxsackieviruses and enteroviruses are known to cause TM, it is more commonly associated with respiratory symptoms or systemic signs than a rash. In this case, we present a pregnant daycare worker who had a case of longitudinally extensive TM after an episode of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD), which only showed the typical rash without fever or systemic signs...
March 2024: Curēus
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Junshuai Li, Jingjing Xie, Min Zhang, Zhuojun Xiao, Fan Zhang, Weiqing Huang, Yong Zhou, Weiqun Yan, Rong Zhang, Xiaoming Peng
PURPOSE: To compare the clinical characteristics, virus serotype, and outcome in cases of mild and severe enteroviral infection at a tertiary neonatal intensive care unit in China. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of cases hospitalized between June and August 2019. Samples (stool or throat swabs) were examined using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Positive cases were divided into two groups: mild infection and severe infection. RESULTS: A total of 149 cases were assigned to one of two groups: mild infection (n = 104) and severe infection (n = 45)...
April 12, 2024: European Journal of Clinical Microbiology & Infectious Diseases
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Emre Kul, Uchechi Okoroafor, Amanda Dougherty, Lauren Palkovic, Hao Li, Paula Valiño-Ramos, Leah Aberman, Samuel M Young
Viral vector gene therapy has immense promise for treating central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Although adeno-associated virus vectors (AAVs) have had success, their small packaging capacity limits their utility to treat the root cause of many CNS disorders. Adenoviral vectors (Ad) have tremendous potential for CNS gene therapy approaches. Currently, the most common vectors utilize the Group C Ad5 serotype capsid proteins, which rely on the Coxsackievirus-Adenovirus receptor (CAR) to infect cells. However, these Ad5 vectors are unable to transduce many neuronal cell types that are dysfunctional in many CNS disorders...
June 13, 2024: Molecular Therapy. Methods & Clinical Development
#7
Jaafar A Hamdan, Shaikh Afaq, Akbar Khan, Ritu Shah, Nikolay Mitzov, Maria Castano
This is a case of a 45-year-old Caucasian female with coxsackievirus-induced myocarditis. Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscles, which can be difficult to diagnose at times because its symptoms overlap with other cardiovascular diseases. At times, when the patient presents, the full impact of the etiology would have either improved or resolved. In this case, the patient presented with symptoms closely resembling that of acute coronary syndrome but did not fit the typical age category. After lab and imaging workup, the coxsackievirus panel was positive, complicated with a new diagnosis of systolic heart failure with an ejection fraction of 30%-35% along with pericardial effusion...
March 2024: Curēus
#8
Cameron D Griffiths, Millie Shah, William Shao, Cheryl A Borgman, Kevin A Janes
Viruses elicit long-term adaptive responses in the tissues they infect. Understanding viral adaptions in humans is difficult in organs such as the heart, where primary infected material is not routinely collected. In search of asymptomatic infections with accompanying host adaptions, we mined for cardio-pathogenic viruses in the unaligned reads of nearly one thousand human hearts profiled by RNA sequencing. Among virus-positive cases (∼20%), we identified three robust adaptions in the host transcriptome related to inflammatory NFκB signaling and post-transcriptional regulation by the p38-MK2 pathway...
March 29, 2024: bioRxiv
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Katharina Radunsky, Agnes Boltz, Veronika Pia Vécsei-Marlovits
Virus-related illnesses are a common phenomenon, especially in the colder months of the year. They usually manifest with cough, cold, and other flu-associated symptoms. They affect people of all ages and genders. In recent years, also virus-associated ocular symptoms have been documented repeatedly. One of the viruses known to cause these is the Coxsackievirus A, which causes hand, foot, and mouth disease. Three cases of these virus-associated macular changes are described below. In all three cases, the symptoms occurred unilaterally and with little time delay to the virus-typical general changes...
April 3, 2024: Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift
#10
Daryn E Erickson, Kyle M Simmons, Zachary A Barrand, Chase L Ridenour, Paige B Hawkinson, Lacey Lemke, Shayne P Sellner, Breezy N Brock, Alexis N Rivas, Krystal Sheridan, Darrin Lemmer, Hayley D Yaglom, W Tanner Porter, Monique Belanger, Rachel M Torrey, Aidan James R Stills, Kiley McCormack, Matt Black, Wydale Holmes, Drew Rostain, Jeremy Mikus, Kimberly Sotelo, Emmen Haq, Reshma Neupane, Joli Weiss, Jasmine Johnson, Clancey Collins, Sarah Avalle, Chelsi White, Brandon J Howard, Sara A Maltinsky, Ryann N Whealy, Nathaniel B Gordon, Jason W Sahl, Talima Pearson, Viacheslav Y Fofanov, Tara Furstenau, Elizabeth M Driebe, J Gregory Caporaso, Jarrett Barber, Joel Terriquez, David M Engelthaler, Crystal M Hepp
BACKGROUND: Most seasonally circulating enteroviruses result in asymptomatic or mildly symptomatic infections. In rare cases, however, infection with some subtypes can result in paralysis or death. Of the 300 subtypes known, only poliovirus is reportable, limiting our understanding of the distribution of other enteroviruses that can cause clinical disease. OBJECTIVE: The overarching objectives of this study were to: 1) describe the distribution of enteroviruses in Arizona during the late summer and fall of 2022, the time of year when they are thought to be most abundant, and 2) demonstrate the utility of viral pan-assay approaches for semi-agnostic discovery that can be followed up by more targeted assays and phylogenomics...
March 20, 2024: medRxiv
#11
REVIEW
Raiana S Machado, Fernando N Tavares, Ivanildo P Sousa
Coxsackieviruses-induced infections, particularly in infants and young children, are one of the most important public health issues in low- and middle-income countries, where the surveillance system varies substantially, and these manifestations have been disregarded. They are widespread throughout the world and are responsible for a broad spectrum of human diseases, from mildly symptomatic conditions to severe acute and chronic disorders. Coxsackieviruses (CV) have been found to have 27 identified genotypes, with overlaps in clinical phenotypes between genotypes...
March 30, 2024: Virus Research
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Venkateswarlu Chamcha, Li He, Jenny Xu, Andrew R Swartz, Erin Green-Trexler, Kevin Gurney, Tessie McNeely
Oncolytic viruses (OV) are part of a burgeoning field of investigational oncolytic therapy (OT), in which lytic viruses dissolve advanced tumors productively and specifically. One such OT is a Coxsackievirus A21 (CVA21) based OV that is currently under clinical evaluation. A tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) assay was used for CVA21 potency release and stability testing in early clinical development. The titer measured in this method was an extrapolated value from cytopathic effect (CPE) observed during the serial dilution but doesn't represent direct viral killing of cells...
April 15, 2024: Heliyon
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tim S Veth, Lonneke V Nouwen, Marleen Zwaagstra, Heyrhyoung Lyoo, Kathryn A Wierenga, Bart Westendorp, Maarten A F M Altelaar, Celia Berkers, Frank J M van Kuppeveld, Albert J R Heck
Picornaviridae represent a large family of single-stranded positive RNA viruses of which different members can infect both humans and animals. These include the enteroviruses (e.g., poliovirus, coxsackievirus, and rhinoviruses) as well as the cardioviruses (e.g., encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV)). Picornaviruses have evolved to interact with, use, and/or evade cellular host systems to create the optimal environment for replication and spreading. It is known that viruses modify kinase activity during infection, but a proteome-wide overview of the (de)regulation of cellular kinases during picornavirus infection is lacking...
March 29, 2024: Molecular & Cellular Proteomics: MCP
#14
MULTICENTER STUDY
Xiaohan Yang, Yudan Wu, Hongyu Zhao, Pan Liu, Lihua Liang, Aihua Yin
BACKGROUND: Enteroviruses (EV) are common and can cause severe diseases, particularly in young children. However, the information of EV infection in infants in China is limited due to the vast population size and extensive geographical area of the country. Here, we conducted a retrospective multicenter analysis of available EV data to assess the current epidemiological situation in the infant population in southern China. METHODS: The study enrolled infants with suspected EV infection from 34 hospitals across 12 cities in southern China between 2019 to 2022, and the confirmation of EV was done using RT-PCR and VP1 gene sequencing...
December 2024: Virulence
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yimin Xue, Tianjiao Song, Jun Ke, Shirong Lin, Jiuyun Zhang, Yimei Chen, Junyi Wang, Qiaolian Fan, Feng Chen
Pyroptosis, a novel programmed cell death mediated by NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, is a critical pathogenic process in acute viral myocarditis (AVMC). Mitsugumin 53 (MG53) is predominantly expressed in myocardial tissues and has been reported to exert cardioprotective effects through multiple pathways. Herein, we aimed to investigate the biological function of MG53 in AVMC and its underlying regulatory mechanism in pyroptosis. BALB/c mice and HL-1 cells were infected with Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) to establish animal and cellular models of AVMC...
March 27, 2024: Biochemical Pharmacology
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tingfeng Wang, Chiyuan Wang, Lili Pang, Yujie Zhang, Shuxia Wang, Xiaozhen Liang, Zhong Huang
ABSTRACT Coxsackievirus B4 (CVB4) is associated with a range of acute and chronic diseases such as hand, foot, and mouth disease, myocarditis, meningitis, pancreatitis, and type 1 diabetes, affecting millions of young children annually around the world. However, no vaccine is currently available for preventing CVB4 infection. Here, we report the development of inactivated viral particle vaccines for CVB4. Two types of inactivated CVB4 particles were prepared from CVB4-infected cell cultures as vaccine antigens, including F-particle (also called mature virion) consisting of VP1, VP3, VP2, and VP4 subunit proteins, and E-particle (also called empty capsid) which is made of VP1, VP3, and uncleaved VP0...
March 29, 2024: Emerging Microbes & Infections
#17
REVIEW
Damian N Di Florio, Danielle J Beetler, Elizabeth J McCabe, Jon Sin, Tsuneya Ikezu, DeLisa Fairweather
For many decades viral infections have been suspected as 'triggers' of autoimmune disease, but mechanisms for how this could occur have been difficult to establish. Recent studies have shown that viral infections that are commonly associated with viral myocarditis and other autoimmune diseases such as coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) and SARS-CoV-2 target mitochondria and are released from cells in mitochondrial vesicles that are able to activate the innate immune response. Studies have shown that Toll-like receptor (TLR)4 and the inflammasome pathway are activated by mitochondrial components...
2024: Frontiers in Immunology
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mahima T Rasquinha, Kiruthiga Mone, Meghna Sur, Ninaad Lasrado, Chandirasegaran Massilamany, Stephen D Kachman, David Steffen, Jay Reddy
Group B coxsackieviruses (CVBs) cause a wide range of diseases in humans, but no vaccines are currently available to prevent these infections. Previously, we had demonstrated that a live attenuated CVB3 vaccine virus, Mutant 10 (Mt10), offers protection against multiple CVB serotypes as evaluated in various inbred mouse strains; however, the applicability of these findings to the outbred human population remains uncertain. To address this issue, we used Diversity Outbred (DO) mice, whose genome is derived from eight inbred mouse strains that may capture the level of genetic diversity of the outbred human population...
March 4, 2024: Vaccines
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ji-Eun Lee, Min-Ji Kim, Mi-Hyeon Lim, Sue-Ji Han, Jin-Yeong Kim, Soo-Hoo Kim, Yi-Duen Ha, Gyung-Li Gang, Yoon-Seok Chung, Jung-Mi Seo
Coxsackievirus A6 (CV-A6) has emerged as the predominant causative agent of hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) in young children. Since the declaration of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) as a global pandemic, the incidence of infectious diseases, including HFMD, has decreased markedly. When social mitigation was relaxed during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2022, the re-emergence of HFMD was observed in Gwangju, South Korea, and seasonal characteristics of the disease appeared to have changed. To investigate the molecular characteristics of enterovirus (EV) associated with HFMD during 2022, 277 specimens were collected...
March 20, 2024: Viruses
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sanjaykumar Tikute, Pratik Deshmukh, Nutan Chavan, Anita Shete, Pooja Shinde, Pragya Yadav, Mallika Lavania
Coxsackievirus-A6 (CV-A6) is responsible for more severe dermatological manifestations compared to other enteroviruses such as CV-A10, CV-A16, and EV-A71, causing HFMD in children and adults. Between 2005 and 2007, the recombinant subclade D3/RF-A started to expand globally, and a CV-A6 pandemic started. The study aimed to conduct whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of an isolated CV-A6 strain from currently circulating HFMD cases from India in 2022. Gene-specific RT-PCR and sequencing were used to perform molecular characterization of the isolated virus...
February 28, 2024: Microorganisms
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