Entrustable professional activities

BACKGROUND: The integration of Objective Structured Clinical Examinations (OSCEs) within the professional pharmacy program, contributes to assessing the readiness of pharmacy students for Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experiences (APPEs) and real-world practice. METHODS: In a study conducted at an Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE)-accredited Doctor of Pharmacy professional degree program, 69 students in their second professional year (P2) were engaged in OSCEs...

BACKGROUND: In the field of nursing education, the expertise and knowledge required to perform Leopold's Maneuvers are critical, forming an integral part of Entrustable Professional Activities for nursing students. As a result, mastering Leopold's Maneuvers has become a core component of nursing education. Despite this, the prevailing didactic methods in many nursing courses tend to limit interactive and contextual learning experiences, which can hinder students' ability to engage deeply with the subject matter...

OBJECTIVES: To compare level of supervision (LOS) ratings of graduating pediatric residents with their assessments as fellows for the 5 Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) common to general pediatrics and the subspecialties and to determine if the difference between ratings from residency to fellowship is less for the QI and PRACTICE MANAGEMENT EPAs, since the skills needed to perform these may be less context-dependent. METHODS: We compared ratings of graduating residents with their assessments as fellows using LOS data from 2 sequential EPA studies...

INTRODUCTION AND HISTORY: In Mongolia, pediatric anesthesia has advanced during the past 25 years through expanded, standardized education programs and international collaboration. Pediatric anesthesia is a recognized specialty, covering all surgical services, including cardiac and transplant, using physicians and nurses. TRAINING: The pediatric anesthesia fellowship is 6 months after 2 years of residency; pediatric nurse anesthesia training is 6 months...

OBJECTIVE: Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) have seen widespread adoption in medical education and other health professions education. EPAs aim to provide a bridge between competency-based education and clinical practice by translating competencies into fundamental profession-specific tasks associated with clinical practice. Despite the extensive use of EPAs in health professions education, EPAs have yet to be introduced into chiropractic education. The purpose of this paper is to describe the development and introduction of EPAs as part of 2 community-based chiropractic student preceptorship education programs in the United States...

Shifting to a competency-based (CBME) and not time-bound curricular structure is challenging in the undergraduate medical education (UME) setting for a number of reasons. There are few examples of broad scale CBME-driven interventions that make the UME program less time-bound. However, given the range of student ability and varying speed of acquisition of competencies, this is an area in need of focus. This paper describes a model that uses the macro structure of a UME program to make UME curricula less time-bound, and driven more by student competency acquisition and individual student goals...

BACKGROUND: The development and implementation of Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience (APPE) readiness assessments has been an area of increased interest to the academy since the publication of the Accreditation Council for Pharmacy Education (ACPE) standards in 2016. This scoping literature review aims to provide an updated summary of current APPE readiness assessment practices among ACPE-accredited institutions in the United States (US). METHODS: A literature search was conducted between 2022 and 2024 using the terms "APPE student readiness," "APPE readiness assessment," "APPE preparedness," "APPE student preparedness," "pharmacy" AND "readiness assessment", "pharmacy" AND "practice readiness," and "pharmacy" AND "student practice readiness" in Pubmed and Embase...

Over the past decade, entrustable professional activities (EPAs) have become an important element in the competency-based medical education movement. In this Commentary, the authors explore informed consent as an EPA within resident surgical training. In doing so, they foreground the concept of culture and reexamine the nature of trust and entrustment decisions from within a cultural framework. The authors identify role modeling and professional identity formation as core elements in the training process and suggest that faculty are sometimes better off using these tools than uncritically adopting a formal EPA framework for what is, in essence, a professionally oriented and values-based moral enterprise...

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INTRODUCTION: Although the Dutch and the Canadian postgraduate Obstetrics and Gynecology (OBGYN) medical education systems are similar in their foundations [programmatic assessment, competency based, involving CanMED roles and EPAs (entrustable professional activities)] and comparable in healthcare outcome, their program structures and assessment methods considerably differ. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We compared both countries' postgraduate educational blueprints and used an auto-ethnographic method to gain insight in the effects of training program structure and assessment methods on how trainees work...

Pharmacy preceptors are pivotal to facilitating and maximizing student learning on experiential rotations. However, preceptors may encounter a variety of behaviors or barriers that can hinder student success. Although some guidance exists for preceptors, emerging learner challenges along with new educational outcomes call for an updated practical approach to promoting student success on rotations. This paper provides preceptors with a structured approach to facilitate success for students who exhibit challenges on rotations...

Educating trainees to treat Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD) carries specific contemporary challenges. The national increase of the prevalence of PAD combined with a significant shortage of vascular surgeons creates a need for concern for future management of this complex disease. Over the past two decades, traditional (5+2) and integrated (0+5) paradigms have fostered trainee annual growth and comparable case distribution and volumes in endovascular and open surgical treatment options have been maintained. Close evaluation into not only the absolute numbers of surgical cases, but the level of trainee involvement in each logged case is recommended...

With the growing understanding of the relationship between oral and systemic diseases there is an increasing interest in integrating dental providers more completely into the health care delivery system. Technology advancements in traditional dental disease diagnosis and management as well as in salivary diagnostics for systemic disease provide great opportunities for the profession but numerous challenges for dental educators who are impacted by the intersection of numerous, sometimes competing interests. While economic factors play a significant role in curricular innovation and change, in the United States the accrediting process for dental education programs can be an equally vexing challenge...

South Africa is undergoing a significant shift towards implementing enhanced workplace-based assessment methodologies across various specialist training programmes, including family medicine. This paradigm involves the evaluation of Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) through comprehensive portfolios of evidence, which a local and national clinical competency committee then assesses. The initial phase of this transformative journey entails the meticulous development of EPAs rooted in discrete units of work...

In 2005, Olle ten Cate introduced the concept of Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs) in the assessment of medical trainees in competency-based postgraduate training (ten Cate, 2005). Over the past two decades, EPAs have found their way into mainstream competency-based education and training for almost all health care professions, from medicine to pharmacy, nursing, dentistry, veterinary dietetics, and the physician assistant field (ten Cate, 2020). Although the terms 'entrustable' and later, 'entrustability', were defined as neologisms at the time, the concept of trust was not unfamiliar to clinicians who are continually required to manage risks in the inherently complex health care business and education (Damodaran et al...

Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) are observable clinical skills and/or procedures that have been introduced into medical education at the student and resident levels in most specialties to determine readiness to advance into residency or independent practice, respectively. This publication describes the process and outcomes of a pilot study looking at the feasibility of using two anatomic pathology and two clinical pathology EPAs in pathology residency in 6 pathology residency programs that volunteered for the study...

Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) are observable activities that define the practice of medicine and provide a framework of evaluation that has been incorporated into US medical school curricula in both undergraduate and graduate medical education. This manuscript describes the development of an entrustment scale and formative and summative evaluations for pathology EPAs, outlines a process for faculty development that was employed in a pilot study implementing two Anatomic Pathology and two Clinical Pathology EPAs in volunteer pathology residency programs, and provides initial validation data for the proposed pathology entrustment scales...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine responses related to entrustment and feedback comments from an assessment tool. DESIGN: Qualitative analyses using semi-structured interviews and analysis of narrative comments. SETTING: Main hospital OR suite at a large academic medical center. PARTICIPANTS: faculty, and residents who work in the OR suite. RESULTS: Seven of the 14 theoretical domains from the Theoretical Domains Framework were identified as influencing faculty decision on entrustment: knowledge, skills, intention, memory/attention/decision processes, environmental context, and resources, beliefs of capabilities, and reinforcement...

PURPOSE: The objective structured clinical examination (OSCE) assesses clinical competence in health sciences education. There is little research regarding the reliability and validity of using an OSCE during the transition from undergraduate to graduate medical education. The goal of this study was to measure the reliability of a unique 2-rater entrustable professional activity (EPA)-based OSCE format for transition to internship using generalizability theory for estimating reliability...

PURPOSE: Entrustable professional activities (EPAs) are a widely used framework for curriculum and assessment, yet the variability in emergency medicine (EM) training programs mandates the development of EPAs that meet the needs of the specialty as a whole. This requires eliciting and incorporating the perspectives of multiple stakeholders (i.e., faculty, residents, and patients) in the development of EPAs. Without a shared understanding of what a resident must be able to do upon graduation, we run the risk of advancing ill-prepared residents that may provide inconsistent care...