imipenem

BACKGROUND: Nocardia farcinica is one of the most common Nocardia species causing human infections. It is an opportunistic pathogen that often infects people with compromised immune systems. It could invade human body through respiratory tract or skin wounds, cause local infection, and affect other organs via hematogenous dissemination. However, N. farcinica-caused bacteremia is uncommon. In this study, we report a case of bacteremia caused by N. farcinica in China. CASE PRESENTATION: An 80-year-old woman was admitted to Peking Union Medical College Hospital with recurrent fever, right abdominal pain for one and a half month, and right adrenal gland occupation...

We assessed 160 patients who received imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam for ≥2 days. At treatment initiation, median Charlson Comorbidity Index was 5, 45% were in the intensive care unit, and 19% required vasopressor support. The in-hospital mortality rate was 24%. These data advance our understanding of real-world indications and outcomes of imipenem/cilastatin/relebactam use.

Stenotrophomonas spp. intrinsically resistant to many β-lactam antibiotics are found throughout the environment. CESS-1 identified in Stenotrophomonas sp. KCTC 12332 is an uncharacterized class A β-lactamase. Here, CESS-1 was revealed to display hydrolytic activities toward penicillins (penicillin G and ampicillin) and cephalosporins (cephalexin, cefaclor, and cefotaxime), while its activity toward carbapenems (imipenem and meropenem) was negligible. Although cefaclor, cephalexin, and ampicillin have similar structures with identical R1 side chains, the catalytic parameters of CESS-1 toward the three β-lactam antibiotics were distinct...

Therapeutic drug monitoring is an important clinical testing of the drugs to monitor their concentrations in plasma in order to guarantee their optimal impact, and to avoid any side effects resulting from drug-drug interactions. A green reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatographic method using a photodiode array detector (RP-HPLC-PDA) was developed for the simultaneous determination of three carbapenem antibiotics (Imipenem, ertapenem, and meropenem) with the co-formulated drug (cilastatin) and contraindicated drugs (probenecid and warfarin) in spiked human plasma...

Treatment of microbial infections is becoming daunting because of widespread antimicrobial resistance. The treatment challenge is further exacerbated by the fact that certain infectious bacteria invade and localize within host cells, protecting the bacteria from antimicrobial treatments and the host's immune response. To survive in the intracellular niche, such bacteria deploy surface receptors similar to host cell receptors to sequester iron, an essential nutrient for their virulence, from host iron-binding proteins, in particular lactoferrin and transferrin...

Introduction An enormous increase in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among bacteria isolated from human clinical specimens contributed to treatment failures. Increased surveillance through next-generation sequencing (NGS) or whole genome sequencing (WGS) could facilitate the study of the epidemiology of drug-resistant bacterial strains, resistance genes, and other virulence determinants they are potentially carrying. Methods This study included 30 Escherichia coli ( E . coli ) isolates obtained from patients suffering from urinary tract infections (UTIs) attending Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar, India...

We aimed to assess the accuracy of BD Phoenix for determining carbapenem susceptibility because we observed a decline in carbapenemase susceptibility rate from the biannual cumulative data, after we transitioned to the BD Phoenix form Vitek 2 system. Between October 2021 and May 2022, we collected 82 non-duplicated Enterobacterales showing non-susceptible to at least one of the three carbapenems by BD Phoenix. We performed the broth microdilution (BMD) and disk diffusion (DD) according to the CLSI guideline...

Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticu s complex (ABC) causes severe, difficult-to-treat infections that are frequently antibiotic resistant. Sulbactam-durlobactam (SUL-DUR) is a targeted β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor combination antibiotic designed to treat ABC infections, including those caused by multidrug-resistant strains. In a global, pathogen-specific, randomized, controlled phase 3 trial (ATTACK), the efficacy and safety of SUL-DUR were compared to colistin, both dosed with imipenem-cilastatin as background therapy, in patients with serious infections caused by carbapenem-resistant ABC...

BACKGROUND: Bloodstream infections (BSI) are the major cause of morbidity and mortality in children in developing countries. The purpose of the current study was to establish the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates from bloodstream infections at Children's Medical Center Hospital (CMC), Tehran, Iran. METHODS: We retrospectively recorded all positive blood cultures and antimicrobial susceptibility of all bloodstream isolates among children admitted to CMC, during 5 years...

The rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Campylobacter has reinforced its status as a foodborne pathogen of significant public health concern. Resistant Campylobacter is typically transferred to humans via the consumption of contaminated animal products, particularly poultry. The genes associated with antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter spp. are poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap, we conducted a prevalence survey of AMR Campylobacter across 84 chicken farms in two districts of Bangladesh...

Mycobacterium abscessus (MAB) infections pose a growing public health threat. Here, we assessed the in vitro activity of the boronic acid-based β-lactamase inhibitor, vaborbactam, with different β-lactams against 100 clinical MAB isolates. Enhanced activity was observed with meropenem and ceftaroline with vaborbactam (1- and >4-fold MIC50 /90 reduction). CRISPRi-mediated bla MAB gene knockdown showed a fourfold MIC reduction to ceftaroline but not the other β-lactams. Our findings demonstrate vaborbactam's potential in combination therapy against MAB infections...

Antimicrobial resistance surveillance systems have been established in China. Two representative national surveillance networks are the China Antimicrobial Surveillance Network (CHINET) and China Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance System (CARSS), both of which were established in 2005. For all clinical isolates collected in both of these surveillance networks, the ratio of Gram-negative bacilli to Gram-positive cocci was approximately 7:3 during the past 18 years. Generally, Gram-negative bacilli have a higher antimicrobial resistance profile in China...

BACKGROUND: The increasing global concern regarding antibiotic resistance necessitates in-depth studies to comprehend the phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of resistant bacterial strains. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence, antibiotic resistance profiles, and molecular characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) isolates in an Iranian referral pediatrics hospital. METHODS: In this study, we examined CRKP isolates collected from hospitalized pediatric patients across various wards...

Objective: To explore the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of catheter-associated urinary tract infections in patients with perineal and/or hip burns. Methods: This study was a retrospective case series study. From January 2018 to December 2022, 260 patients with perineal and/or hip burns and urinary catheters indwelling who met the inclusion criteria were admitted to the Department of Burns and Wound Repair of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, including 192 males and 68 females, aged 20-93 years...

AIMS: Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) infections poses a significant threat to human health, necessitating urgent development of new antimicrobial agents. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which are among the most widely used engineered nanomaterials, have been extensively studied. However, the impact of AgNPs on CRKP and the potential for drug resistance development remain inadequately explored. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, broth dilution method was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the broth dilution method...

Antimicrobial resistance is a major global health issue. Metallo-β-lactamases (MBL), in particular, are problematic because they can inactivate all classes of β-lactams except aztreonam. Unfortunately, the latter may be simultaneously inactivated by serine β-lactamases. The most dangerous known MBL is New Delhi Metallo-β-lactamase (NDM). This study aimed to test the in vitro susceptibility to aztreonam in combination with novel β-lactamase inhibitors (avibactam, relebactam, and vaborbactam) in clinical strains of Enterobacterales NDM which is resistant to aztreonam...

Skin wounds and their infections by antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) are very common in small animals, posing the risk of acquiring ARB by pet owners or antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) transfer to the owners' microbiota. The aim of this study was to identify the most common pathogens infecting wounds of companion animals, assess their antibiotic resistance, and determine the ARGs using culture-based, molecular, and proteomic methods. A total of 136 bacterial strains were isolated from wound swabs. Their species was identified using chromogenic media, followed by MALDI-TOF spectrometry...

INTRODUCTION: Kidney transplant recipients are at increased risk of opportunistic infections, including Nocardia. The incidence of nocardiosis in kidney transplant recipients is 0.4-1.3%. The data regarding its epidemiology and outcomes is limited. METHODS: This was a 10-year retrospective observational study from January 2012 to December 2021 at a tertiary care center in northern India, in which all kidney transplant recipients with Nocardia infection were included and followed...

Carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections are a major public health threat due to the limited therapeutic options available. The introduction of the new β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors (BL/BLIs) has, however, altered the treatment options for such pathogens. Thus, four new BL/BLI combinations-namely, ceftazidime/avibactam, meropenem/vaborbactam, imipenem/relebactam, and ceftolozane/tazobactam-have been approved for infections attributed to carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales species and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ...

Fracture-related infection (FRI) is a common and devastating complication of orthopedic trauma in all settings. Data on the microbiological profile and susceptibility of FRI to antibiotics in low-income countries are scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the microbial patterns and antimicrobial susceptibility of FRI in a sub-Saharan African setting in order to provide guidance for the formulation of evidence-based empirical antimicrobial regimens. We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients treated for FRI with deep tissue sampling for microbiological culture from January 2016 to August 2023 in four tertiary-level hospitals in Yaoundé, Cameroon...