encephalomyelitis disseminata

Within the framework of preventive measures and therapy of chronic illnesses health psychological theories have contributed to improve knowledge. The analysis of health psychological contributions shows the meaning of "locus of control beliefs" in different diseases. Locus of control is understood as a subjective cognition, able to attribute individual action consequences to specific internal or external features. Differences in general or specific locus of control beliefs may be associated with specific courses of illness...

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It is reported on a 21 years old patient with primary reading epilepsy. While reading various texts he suffered from involuntary jaw-jerks, which once a G.M. seizure caused. While reading on the EEG were synchronously 4--5/s bursts registered, once as vehement that the registration had to be stopped. As in two other publicated cases, the spinal fluid protein as well as a slightly pleocytosis, was elevated, which was thought to be inflammatory caused as the case in encephalomyelitis disseminata.

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The term "spondylotic cervical myelopathy" is not generally used in the same manner. It is not correct at all to use the expression "spondylotic cervical myelopathy" for an illness inducing damage of the cervical spine. This however happens in literature--especially in neurochirurgical ones very often. It is additionally confusing when the specific course of illness induces pathogenetical statements. "Acute cervical myelopathie" is not identical to a spinal cord compression caused by disc-protrusion or slipped disc, just as "chronic myelopathy" is not identical with spondylogenic cervical cord lesions...

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Metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD) is an autosomal recessive progressive demyelination disorder caused by the deficiency of arylsulfatase A (ASA). However, there exist individuals with low ASA activity without clinical symptoms. This state is described as ASA pseudodeficiency (PD). A number of patients with low ASA activity and various neuropsychiatric symptoms have been observed. It is controversial to what extent low ASA activity predisposes for neurological and/or psychiatric symptomatology. Therefore, persons with low ASA activity who were collected from a large-scale screening among neuropsychiatric patients and healthy controls are presently being extensively evaluated using biochemical, genetic, and clinical methods...

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Within a group of neuro-ophthalmic patients (147 patients with either florid or cured optic neuritis (ON), five (3.4%) were found to be suffering from retinal periphlebitis "Rucker". Of these five patients, three were also suffering from Encephalomyelitis disseminata (E.d.). One patient had ON without E.d.; in another there were sufficient grounds for a tentative diagnosis of ON during the follow-up period. The relatively low percentage of patients with retinal periphlebitis associated with a basic demyelinating condition can be attributed primarily to the fact that the group of patients examined consisted of neuro-ophthalmic patients in most of whom the basic disease manifested itself for the first time...

In Switzerland 5-35% of Ixodes ricinus ticks are infested with Borrelia burgdorferi (B.b.). There is a high risk of transmission of this infectious agent from any tick bite and 4-5% of affected subjects subsequently contract evident Lyme borreliosis. However, both tick bite and erythema chronicum migrans are unreliable diagnostic pointers as they are not usually found in the history of Lyme borreliosis patients. Similarly, an increased titer of antibodies against B.b. is not evidence of Lyme borreliosis, since this increased titer is found in some 10% of the healthy population...

The aetiopathogenesis of Encephalomyelitis disseminata (multiple sclerosis) is not yet fully understood. It is thought to involve an immunopathological process, with various exogenic factors considered to be possibly responsible for inducing the disease or causing acute exacerbations. In the literature the following factors are described as having the capacity to interfere directly or indirectly in immunoregulatory mechanisms: infectious diseases, gravidity, various types of trauma, non-infectious diseases, and drugs, but also physical strain and vaccinations...

Blood sampling demands the insertion of a needle into the blood-vessel thereby causing a destruction of the endothelial wall of the blood-vessel. The physiological reaction of platelets is the occlusion of endothelial lesions. Reaction of platelets induced by endothelial lesions lasts about 10 ms. Each blood sampling procedure should therefore activate platelets. A simple platelet test-system was designed following these considerations. Blood samples were collected twice, in EDTA-buffer and in EDTA-formalin-buffer...

Saccades are fast eye movements that occur when the eye makes a refixation movement. Initially clinically relevant physiological and anatomical data are given. The two most frequently used oculographic methods are presented briefly. For clinical use it is particularly important that ocular motor disorders and effects of various drugs are compensated partially by plastic adaptation of central mechanisms. The main diagnostic fields are disorders of brain stem, cerebellum or peripheral oculomotor apparatus. Examination of horizontal and vertical saccades is a useful help in diagnosis of subclinical ocular motor disorders in encephalomyelitis disseminata...

Heat stimuli, applied to the skin by non-contact radiation pulses emitted by a CO2-laser, activate simultaneously both A-delta (mean conduction velocity 14 m/s) and C-fibres (0.8 m/s), which terminate in the most superficial skin layers. Correspondingly, brief heat stimuli elicit two pain sensations with mean reaction times of about 500 ms and 1400 ms. Similarly, two evoked potential waveforms were observed in the electroencephalogram: the late components N240/P370 and the ultralate components N1050/P1250. The shape of the two components was reproducible in independent samples of healthy volunteers...

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