lung cancer，radiotherapy

Lung injury is one of the pathological features in human or animal after radiation and the main side effect for patient after lung cancer radiotherapy. The efficient protective strategy still needs to exploit and the underlying mechanisms remain to be investigated. We found that the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) significantly increased at the early stage of radiation-induced lung injury (RILI). Pretreatment with Ilomastat, a synthetic inhibitor of MMPs, decreased the expression and activity of MMPs and significantly alleviated the lung inflammation and fibrosis in the irradiated mice, as well as enhanced the survival of irradiated mice...

BACKGROUND: The aim was to evaluate the geometric and corresponding dosimetric differences between two delineation strategies for head and neck tumors neighboring air cavities. METHODS: Primary gross and clinical tumor volumes (GTV and CTV) of 14 patients with oropharynx or larynx tumors were contoured using a soft tissue window (S). In a second strategy, the same volumes were contoured with an extension to include the parts which became visible on lung window (L)...

BACKGROUND: Many studies have demonstrated that a higher radiotherapy dose is associated with improved outcomes in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We performed a dosimetric planning study to assess the dosimetric feasibility of intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) with a simultaneous integrated boost (SIB) in locally advanced NSCLC. METHODS: We enrolled twenty patients. Five different dose plans were generated for each patient. All plans were prescribed a dose of 60 Gy to the planning tumor volume (PTV)...

OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to select, for a phase III trial, the more promising of weekly-dose intensive chemotherapy or amrubicin+cisplatin chemotherapy as subsequent therapy after induction chemoradiotherapy for previously untreated limited-disease small cell lung cancer (LD-SCLC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients aged 20-70 years with untreated clinical stage II/III LD-SCLC were eligible. After one cycle of accelerated hyperfractionation thoracic radiotherapy with etoposide plus cisplatin, patients without progression were randomized to either 3 cycles of cisplatin 25mg/m2 (days 1, 8), doxorubicin 40mg/m2 (day 1), etoposide 80mg/m2 (days 1-3), and vincristine 1mg/m2 (day 8) every 2 weeks (CODE) or amrubicin 40mg/m2 (days 1-3) and cisplatin 60mg/m2 (day 1) every 3 weeks (AP)...

PURPOSE: To determine the effect of radiotherapy (RT) technique on treatment compliance and overall survival (OS) in patients with stage III non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) treated with definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT). METHODS AND MATERIALS: This study included patients with stage III NSCLC in the National Cancer Database treated between 2003 and 2011 with definitive CRT to 60-63 Gray (Gy). Radiation treatment interruption (RTI) was defined as a break of ≥4 days...

OBJECTIVES: Data supporting the prognostic role of chemotherapy induced haematological toxicity suggest that toxicity-adjusted-dosing (TAD) of chemotherapy might improve treatment efficacy. We tested whether TAD of the cisplatin-etoposide combination might improve the response rate, in previously untreated extensive stage disease (ED)-SCLC patients, as compared with standard fixed-dosing (FD). METHODS: Patients with ED-SCLC were randomized to receive either TAD or FD of cisplatin-etoposide as first-line treatment...

OBJECTIVES: Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) can be subgrouped into central and peripheral types according to the location of the primary lesion. However, the clinical differences between these two types remain unclear. This study compared their clinical features. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data on 231 patients with pathologically diagnosed SCLC were retrospectively subgrouped into central or peripheral types. Progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), treatments, responses to first-line therapy, and frequency of interstitial lung disease (ILD) were compared between the two groups...

BACKGROUND: Studies increasingly focus on the impact of radiotherapy on immunity; however, the role of peripheral cellular immunity prior to radiotherapy in cancer patients remains largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the predictive roles of lymphocyte subsets on tumor progression in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients undergoing radiotherapy, and their expression in NSCLC patients at first relapse. METHODS: We enrolled 70 NSCLC patients and 14 age- and sex-matched healthy donors and tested the lymphocyte subsets in their peripheral blood by flow cytometry...

Patients and clinicians are faced with uncertainty on the optimal treatment strategy for potentially resectable non-small cell lung cancer where there is clinical evidence of involvement of the ipsilateral mediastinum. Randomised controlled trials and meta-analyses have failed to demonstrate superiority of one bimodality strategy over another (chemotherapy plus surgery versus chemotherapy plus radiotherapy). One trial of trimodality treatment with chemotherapy, radiotherapy and surgery demonstrated an improvement in progression-free, but not overall, survival versus chemotherapy and radiotherapy...

Macrophages in tumor are mostly M2-polarized and have been reported to promote tumorigenesis, which are also defined as tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). β-elemene has therapeutic effects against several cancers, however, it remains unknown whether β-elemene could inhibit cancer by targeting TAMs. Herein, we examined the effect of β-elemene on macrophages to elucidate a novel mechanism of β-elemene in tumor therapy. We showed that the conditioned medium of M2 macrophages promoted lung cancer cells to migration, invasion and epithelial mesenchymal transition, which could be inhibited by β-elemene...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: There is no early predictor of treatment response after lung stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT). We conducted this pilot study to evaluate whether serial diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DW-MRI) or positron emission tomography (PET) could predict response after SBRT. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Early stage non-small cell lung cancer patients who received SBRT were eligible. DW-MRI and PET were undertaken pretreatment and every 3 months after SBRT in the first year...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Selecting the diagnostic procedure for mediastinal restaging after chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy in Stage IIIA-N2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients remains a problem. The aim of the study was to determine the efficacy of endobronchial ultrasound-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (EBUS-TBNA) for the evaluation of mediastinal lymph nodes in the restaging of NSCLC patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present multicentric study retrospectively analyzed the results of Stage IIIA-N2 NSCLC patients who had undergone EBUS for mediastinal restaging after preoperative chemotherapy or radiotherapy or both...

Several therapeutic agents targeting HGF/MET signaling are under clinical development as single agents or in combination, notably with anti-EGFR therapies in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, despite increasing data supporting a link between MET, irradiation and cancer progression, no data regarding the combination of MET-targeting agents and radiotherapy are available from the clinic. S49076 is an oral ATP-competitive inhibitor of MET, AXL and FGFR1-3 receptors that is currently in phase I/II clinical trials in combination with gefinitib in NSCLC patients whose tumors show resistance to EGFR inhibitors...

 Background: Population-based data on the risk of cardiac death among cancer survivors are needed. This scenario was evaluated in cancer survivors (>5 years) registered within the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database. METHODS: The SEER database was queried using SEER*Stat to determine the frequency of cardiac death compared to other causes of death; and to determine heart disease-specific and cancer-specific survival rates in survivors of each of the 10 most common cancers in men and women in the SEER database...

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Concurrent chemoradiotherapy is an essential treatment strategy for inoperable locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although supportive care has improved, unexpected complications due to the disease or treatment can occur. Tracheomediastinal fistulas are very rare but can be a serious problem. Herein, we report a case of severe chondronecrosis of the distal trachea with formation of a fistula into a metastatic lymphadenopathy in a patient with stage IIIB NSCLC. The patient received external beam radiotherapy with a total dose of 35 Gy in 14 fractions, which was approximately half of the conventional therapeutic radiotherapy dose, along with concurrent cisplatin based chemotherapy...

BACKGROUND: Whether postoperative thoracic radiotherapy (PORT) is beneficial for small cell lung cancer (SCLC) of different lymph node stages remains uncertain; therefore, the purpose of this meta-analysis was to explore the clinical significance of PORT for SCLC patients subdivided by lymph node status. METHODS: The PubMed, OVID, Web of SCI, EMBASE, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and Wanfang databases were systematically searched to identify eligible studies where SCLC patients received PORT based on lymph node stage...

BACKGROUND: The aim of present pilot study was to evaluate the changes in pulmonary function tests (PFTs) after locoregional post-mastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) in breast cancer patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty consecutive patients with histopathologically confirmed breast carcinoma stages T1-T4, N1-N2, who were treated with modified radical mastectomy with neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy underwent PFTs, including forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), forced expiratory flow at 50%, and peak expiratory flow rate, maximum mid expiratory flow (MMEF25-75), maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), and carbon monoxide diffusing capacity (DLCO) before, at 30 days, and at 90 days after locoregional PMRT...

BACKGROUND: To investigate the effects of postoperative radiotherapy (PORT) on the survival of patients with resected stage IIIA-N2 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: A total of 3,334 patients with resected stage IIIA-N2 NSCLC in 2004 to 2013 were identified in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database and stratified according to use of PORT. Propensity score-matching (PSM) methods were used to balance the baseline characteristics of patients who did (n = 744) or did not (n = 744) undergo PORT...

BACKGROUND: Genetic aberrations are well characterized in lung adenocarcinomas (LACs) and clinical outcomes have been influenced by targeted therapies in the advanced setting. Stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) is the standard-of-care therapy for patients with nonoperable, early-stage LAC, but to the authors' knowledge, no information is available regarding the impact of genomic changes in these patients. The current study sought to determine the frequency and clinical impact of genetic aberrations in this population...