keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536948/control-etched-ti-3-c-2-t-x-mxene-nanosheets-for-a-low-voltage-operating-flexible-memristor-for-efficient-neuromorphic-computation
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jeny Gosai, Mansi Patel, Lingli Liu, Aziz Lokhandwala, Parth Thakkar, Mun Yin Chee, Muskan Jain, Wen Siang Lew, Nitin Chaudhari, Ankur Solanki
Hardware neural networks with mechanical flexibility are promising next-generation computing systems for smart wearable electronics. Overcoming the challenge of developing a fully synaptic plastic network, we demonstrate a low-operating-voltage PET/ITO/p-MXene/Ag flexible memristor device by controlling the etching of aluminum metal ions in Ti3 C2 T x MXene. The presence of a small fraction of Al ions in partially etched MXene (p-Ti3 C2 T x ) significantly suppresses the operating voltage to 1 V compared to 7 V from fully Al etched MXene (f-Ti3 C2 T x )-based devices...
March 27, 2024: ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534842/organic-inorganic-hybrid-synaptic-transistors-methyl-silsesquioxanes-based-electric-double-layer-for-enhanced-synaptic-functionality-and-cmos-compatibility
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tae-Gyu Hwang, Hamin Park, Won-Ju Cho
Electrical double-layer (EDL) synaptic transistors based on organic materials exhibit low thermal and chemical stability and are thus incompatible with complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) processes involving high-temperature operations. This paper proposes organic-inorganic hybrid synaptic transistors using methyl silsesquioxane (MSQ) as the electrolyte. MSQ, derived from the combination of inorganic silsesquioxanes and the organic methyl (-CH3 ) group, exhibits exceptional thermal and chemical stability, thus ensuring compatibility with CMOS processes...
March 3, 2024: Biomimetics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38519613/lateral-heterostructures-of-ws-2-and-mos-2-monolayers-for-photo-synaptic-transistor
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jaeseo Park, Jun Oh Kim, Sang-Woo Kang
Von Neumann architecture-based computing, while widely successful in personal computers and embedded systems, faces inherent challenges including the von Neumann bottleneck, particularly amidst the ongoing surge of data-intensive tasks. Neuromorphic computing, designed to integrate arithmetic, logic, and memory operations, has emerged as a promising solution for improving energy efficiency and performance. This approach requires the construction of an artificial synaptic device that can simultaneously perform signal processing, learning, and memory operations...
March 22, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38519095/synaptic-electrophysiology-of-the-drosophila-neuromuscular-junction
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bing Zhang, Bryan Stewart
Chemical synaptic transmission is an important means of neuronal communication in the nervous system. Upon the arrival of an action potential, the nerve terminal experiences an influx of calcium ions, which in turn trigger the exocytosis of synaptic vesicles (SVs) and the release of neurotransmitters into the synaptic cleft. Transmitters elicit synaptic responses in the postsynaptic cell by binding to and activating specific receptors. This is followed by the recycling of SVs at presynaptic terminals. The Drosophila larval neuromuscular junction (NMJ) shares many structural and functional similarities to synapses in other animals, including humans...
March 22, 2024: Cold Spring Harbor Protocols
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38505960/volatile-threshold-switching-and-synaptic-properties-controlled-by-ag-diffusion-using-schottky-defects
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yu-Rim Jeon, Deji Akinwande, Changhwan Choi
We investigated diffusion memristors in the structure of Ag/Ta2 O5 /HfO2 /Pt, in which active Ag ions control active metal ion diffusion and mimic biological brain functions. The CMOS compatible high- k metal oxide could control an Ag electrode that was ionized by applying an appropriate voltage to form a conductive filament, and the movement of Ag ions was chemically and electrically controlled due to oxygen density. This diffusion memristor exhibited diffused characteristics with a selectivity of 109, and achieved a low power consumption of 2 mW at a SET voltage of 0...
March 20, 2024: Nanoscale Horizons: the Home for Rapid Reports of Exceptional Significance in Nanoscience and Nanotechnolgy
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38499042/serotonin-signaling-through-lipid-membranes
#6
REVIEW
Liubov S Kalinichenko, Johannes Kornhuber, Steffen Sinning, Jana Haase, Christian P Müller
Serotonin (5-HT) is a vital modulatory neurotransmitter responsible for regulating most behaviors in the brain. An inefficient 5-HT synaptic function is often linked to various mental disorders. Primarily, membrane proteins controlling the expression and activity of 5-HT synthesis, storage, release, receptor activation, and inactivation are critical to 5-HT signaling in synaptic and extra-synaptic sites. Moreover, these signals represent information transmission across membranes. Although the lipid membrane environment is often viewed as fairly stable, emerging research suggests significant functional lipid-protein interactions with many synaptic 5-HT proteins...
March 18, 2024: ACS Chemical Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38494840/research-progress-on-the-roles-of-dopamine-and-dopamine-receptors-in-digestive-system-diseases
#7
REVIEW
Xianmin Lu, Qi Liu, Ya Deng, Jiangbo Wu, Xingyi Mu, Xiaoxu Yang, Ting Zhang, Chen Luo, Zhuo Li, Siqi Tang, Yanxia Hu, Qian Du, Jingyu Xu, Rui Xie
Dopamine (DA) is a neurotransmitter synthesized in the human body that acts on multiple organs throughout the body, reaching them through the blood circulation. Neurotransmitters are special molecules that act as messengers by binding to receptors at chemical synapses between neurons. As ligands, they mainly bind to corresponding receptors on central or peripheral tissue cells. Signalling through chemical synapses is involved in regulating the activities of various body systems. Lack of DA or a decrease in DA levels in the brain can lead to serious diseases such as Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia, addiction and attention deficit disorder...
April 2024: Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38454572/aryl-hydrocarbon-receptor-involvement-in-the-sodium-dependent-glutamate-aspartate-transporter-regulation-in-cerebellar-bergmann-glia-cells
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Janisse Silva-Parra, Leticia Ramírez-Martínez, Cecilia Palafox-Gómez, Cristina Sandu, Esther López-Bayghen, Libia Vega, Guillermo Elizondo, Jaqueline Loaeza-Loaeza, Daniel Hernández-Sotelo, Luisa C Hernández-Kelly, Marie-Paule Felder-Schmittbuhl, Arturo Ortega
Glutamate, the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the vertebrate brain, exerts its functions through the activation of specific plasma membrane receptors and transporters. Overstimulation of glutamate receptors results in neuronal cell death through a process known as excitotoxicity. A family of sodium-dependent glutamate plasma membrane transporters is responsible for the removal of glutamate from the synaptic cleft, preventing an excitotoxic insult. Glial glutamate transporters carry out more than 90% of the brain glutamate uptake activity and are responsible for glutamate recycling through the GABA/Glutamate/Glutamine shuttle...
March 7, 2024: ACS Chemical Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38450041/chemical-ltp-induces-confinement-of-bdnf-mrna-under-dendritic-spines-and-bdnf-protein-accumulation-inside-the-spines
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Giorgia Bimbi, Enrico Tongiorgi
The neurotrophin brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays a key role in neuronal development and synaptic plasticity. The discovery that BDNF mRNA can be transported in neuronal dendrites in an activity-dependent manner has suggested that its local translation may support synapse maturation and plasticity. However, a clear demonstration that BDNF mRNA is locally transported and translated at activated synapses in response to long-term potentiation (LTP) is still lacking. Here, we study the dynamics of BDNF mRNA dendritic trafficking following the induction of chemical LTP (cLTP)...
2024: Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38445591/tyrosinase-based-proximity-labeling-in-living-cells-and-in-vivo
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hao Zhu, Jae Hoon Oh, Yuna Matsuda, Takeharu Mino, Mamoru Ishikawa, Hideki Nakamura, Muneo Tsujikawa, Hiroshi Nonaka, Itaru Hamachi
Characterizing the protein constituents of a specific organelle and protein neighbors of a protein of interest (POI) is essential for understanding the function and state of the organelle and protein networks associated with the POI. Proximity labeling (PL) has emerged as a promising technology for specific and efficient spatial proteomics. Nevertheless, most enzymes adopted for PL still have limitations: APEX requires cytotoxic H2 O2 for activation and thus is poor in biocompatibility for in vivo application, BioID shows insufficient labeling kinetics, and TurboID suffers from high background biotinylation...
March 6, 2024: Journal of the American Chemical Society
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38441421/efficient-spiking-neural-networks-with-biologically-similar-lithium-ion-memristor-neurons
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Shanwu Ke, Yanqin Pan, Yaoyao Jin, Jiahao Meng, Yongyue Xiao, Siqi Chen, Zihao Zhang, Ruiqi Li, Fangjiu Tong, Bei Jiang, Zhitang Song, Min Zhu, Cong Ye
Benefiting from the brain-inspired event-driven feature and asynchronous sparse coding approach, spiking neural networks (SNNs) are becoming a potentially energy-efficient replacement for conventional artificial neural networks. However, neuromorphic devices used to construct SNNs persistently result in considerable energy consumption owing to the absence of sufficient biological parallels. Drawing inspiration from the transport nature of Na+ and K+ in synapses, here, a Li-based memristor (Li x AlO y ) was proposed to emulate the biological synapse, leveraging the similarity of Li as a homologous main group element to Na and K...
March 5, 2024: ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38435516/dissecting-the-ability-of-siglecs-to-antagonize-fc%C3%AE-receptors
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kelli A McCord, Chao Wang, Mirjam Anhalt, Wayne W Poon, Amanda L Gavin, Peng Wu, Matthew S Macauley
Fcγ receptors (FcγRs) play key roles in the effector function of IgG, but their inappropriate activation plays a role in several disease etiologies. Therefore, it is critical to better understand how FcγRs are regulated. Numerous studies suggest that sialic acid-binding immunoglobulin-type lectins (Siglecs), a family of immunomodulatory receptors, modulate FcγR activity; however, it is unclear of the circumstances in which Siglecs can antagonize FcγRs and which Siglecs have this ability...
February 28, 2024: ACS Central Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38429661/serotonin-as-a-biomarker-of-toxin-induced-parkinsonism
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anna Marie Buchanan, Sergio Mena, Iman Choukari, Aditya Vasa, Jesseca N Crawford, Jim Fadel, Nick Maxwell, Lawrence Reagan, Allie Cruikshank, Janet Best, H Fred Nijhout, Michael Reed, Parastoo Hashemi
BACKGROUND: Loss of dopaminergic neurons underlies the motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD). However stereotypical PD symptoms only manifest after approximately 80% of dopamine neurons have died making dopamine-related motor phenotypes unreliable markers of the earlier stages of the disease. There are other non-motor symptoms, such as depression, that may present decades before motor symptoms. METHODS: Because serotonin is implicated in depression, here we use niche, fast electrochemistry paired with mathematical modelling and machine learning to, for the first time, robustly evaluate serotonin neurochemistry in vivo in real time in a toxicological model of Parkinsonism, 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)...
March 1, 2024: Molecular Medicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38413604/comparative-connectomics-of-dauer-reveals-developmental-plasticity
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Hyunsoo Yim, Daniel T Choe, J Alexander Bae, Myung-Kyu Choi, Hae-Mook Kang, Ken C Q Nguyen, Soungyub Ahn, Sang-Kyu Bahn, Heeseung Yang, David H Hall, Jinseop S Kim, Junho Lee
A fundamental question in neurodevelopmental biology is how flexibly the nervous system changes during development. To address this, we reconstructed the chemical connectome of dauer, an alternative developmental stage of nematodes with distinct behavioral characteristics, by volumetric reconstruction and automated synapse detection using deep learning. With the basic architecture of the nervous system preserved, structural changes in neurons, large or small, were closely associated with connectivity changes, which in turn evoked dauer-specific behaviors such as nictation...
February 27, 2024: Nature Communications
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38413398/artificial-neural-synapses-based-on-microfluidic-memristors-prepared-by-capillary-tubes-and-ionic-liquid
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tong-Tong Guo, Jian-Biao Chen, Chun-Yan Yang, Pu Zhang, Shuang-Ju Jia, Yan Li, Jiang-Tao Chen, Yun Zhao, Jian Wang, Xu-Qiang Zhang
Neuromorphic simulation, i.e., the use of electronic devices to simulate the neural networks of the human brain, has attracted a lot of interest in the fields of data processing and memory. This work provides a new method for preparing a 1,3-dimethylimidazolium nitrate ([MMIm][NO3 ]:H2 O) microfluidic memristor that is ultralow cost and technically uncomplicated. Such a fluidic device uses capillaries as memory tubes, which are structurally similar to interconnected neurons by simple solution treatment. When voltage is applied, the transmission of anions and cations in the tube corresponds to the release of neurotransmitters from the presynaptic membrane to the postsynaptic membrane...
February 27, 2024: Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38412379/ultrasoft-and-high-adhesion-block-copolymers-for-neuromorphic-computing
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiaohong Li, Xingcheng Ou, Guoliang Chen, Ran Bi, Ziqian Li, Zhuang Xie, Wan Yue, Shuang-Zhuang Guo
The "von Neumann bottleneck" is a formidable challenge in conventional computing, driving exploration into artificial synapses. Organic semiconductor materials show promise but are hindered by issues such as poor adhesion and a high elastic modulus. Here, we combine polyisoindigo-bithiophene (PIID-2T) with grafted poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) to synthesize the triblock-conjugated polymer (PIID-2T-PDMS). The polymer exhibited substantial enhancements in adhesion (4.8-68.8 nN) and reductions in elastic modulus (1...
February 27, 2024: ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38409517/bio-inspired-organic-synaptor-with-in-situ-ion-doped-ultrathin-polyelectrolyte-containing-acetylcholine-like-cation
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ji-Man Yu, Youson Kim, Changhyeon Lee, Booseok Jeong, Jin-Ki Kim, Joon-Kyu Han, Junyeong Yang, Seong-Yun Yun, Sung Gap Im, Yang-Kyu Choi
An ion-based synaptic transistor (synaptor) is designed to emulate a biological synapse using controlled ion movements. However, developing a solid-state electrolyte that can facilitate ion movement while achieving large-scale integration remains challenging. Here, a bio-inspired organic synaptor (BioSyn) with an in situ ion-doped polyelectrolyte (i-IDOPE) is demonstrated. At the molecular scale, a polyelectrolyte containing the tert-amine cation, inspired by the neurotransmitter acetylcholine is synthesized using initiated chemical vapor deposition (iCVD) with in situ doping, a one-step vapor-phase deposition used to fabricate solid-state electrolytes...
February 26, 2024: Small
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38391729/cellular-and-molecular-mechanisms-underlying-synaptic-subcellular-specificity
#18
REVIEW
Mengqing Wang, Jiale Fan, Zhiyong Shao
Chemical synapses are essential for neuronal information storage and relay. The synaptic signal received or sent from spatially distinct subcellular compartments often generates different outcomes due to the distance or physical property difference. Therefore, the final output of postsynaptic neurons is determined not only by the type and intensity of synaptic inputs but also by the synaptic subcellular location. How synaptic subcellular specificity is determined has long been the focus of study in the neurodevelopment field...
February 2, 2024: Brain Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38391255/imitating-synapse-behavior-exploiting-off-current-in-tpbi-doped-small-molecule-phototransistors-for-broadband-wavelength-recognition
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Seungme Kang, Sunyoung Sohn, Hyeran Kim, Hyung Joong Yun, Byung Chul Jang, Hocheon Yoo
Phototransistors have gained significant attention in diverse applications such as photodetectors, image sensors, and neuromorphic devices due to their ability to control electrical characteristics through photoresponse. The choice of photoactive materials in phototransistor research significantly impacts its development. In this study, we propose a novel device that emulates artificial synaptic behavior by leveraging the off-current of a phototransistor. We utilize a p-type organic semiconductor, dinaphtho[2,3-b:2',3'- f]thieno[3,2- b ]thiophene (DNTT), as the channel material and dope it with the organic semiconductor 2,2',2″-(1,3,5-benzinetriyl)-tris(1-phenyl-1-H-benzimidazole) (TPBi) on the DNTT transistor...
February 23, 2024: ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38388921/impairments-of-gabaergic-transmission-in-hippocampus-mediate-increased-susceptibility-of-epilepsy-in-the-early-stage-of-alzheimer-s-disease
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rui Mao, Mengsha Hu, Xuan Liu, Lei Ye, Bingsong Xu, Min Sun, Siyi Xu, Wenxuan Shao, Yi Tan, Yun Xu, Feng Bai, Shu Shu
BACKGROUND: Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) are often co-morbid with unprovoked seizures, making clinical diagnosis and management difficult. Although it has an important role in both AD and epilepsy, abnormal γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic transmission is recognized only as a compensative change for glutamatergic damage. Neuregulin 1 (NRG1)-ErbB4 signaling can promote GABA release and suppress epileptogenesis, but its effects on cognition in AD are still controversial. METHODS: Four-month-old APPswe/PS1dE9 mice (APP mice) were used as animal models in the early stage of AD in this study...
February 22, 2024: Cell Communication and Signaling: CCS
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