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AIMS: This study aimed to explore the causal relationships between cathepsins and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) by Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis. METHODS AND RESULTS: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with nine cathepsin types (cathepsins B, E, F, G, H, O, S, L2, and Z) were obtained from the INTERVAL study (3301 individuals). CVDs data were acquired from the UK Biobank (coronary atherosclerosis: 14 334 cases, 346 860 controls) and a genome-wide association study (GWAS) (myocardial infarction: 20 917 cases, 440 906 controls; myocarditis: 633 cases, 427 278 controls; chronic heart failure: 14 262 cases, 471 898 controls; angina pectoris: 30 025 cases, 440 906 controls; stable angina pectoris: 17 894 cases, 325 132 controls; unstable angina pectoris: 9481 cases, 446 987 controls; pericarditis: 1795 cases, 453 370 controls)...

Platelet functional activity was assessed in healthy volunteers (HV, n=92), patients with stable angina pectoris (SA, n=42) and acute coronary syndrome (ACS, n=73), treated with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) + clopidogrel and ASA + ticagrelor, respectively. In all HV and patients we have compared parameters of platelet aggregation (maximum light transmission and velocity, Tmax and Vmax) and parameters, characterizing exposure of platelet activation markers, evaluated by flow cytometry. HV platelets were activated by 10 μM, 1 μM TRAP, and 20 μM, 5 μM, 2...

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ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases are the leading causes of death worldwide and interact closely with each other. Danhong Injection (DHI) is a widely used preparation for the co-treatment of brain and heart diseases (CTBH). However, the underlying molecular endotype mechanisms of DHI in the CTBH remain unclear. AIM OF THIS STUDY: To elucidate the underlying endotype mechanisms of DHI in the CTBH. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this study, we proposed a modular-based disease and drug-integrated analysis (MDDIA) strategy for elucidating the systematic CTBH mechanisms of DHI using high-throughput transcriptome-wide sequencing datasets of DHI in the treatment of patients with stable angina pectoris (SAP) and cerebral infarction (CI)...

Ranolazine is a piperazine derivative and is indicated for the symptomatic treatment of patients with stable angina pectoris who are inadequately controlled or intolerant to first-line antianginal therapies. Visual hallucinations together with neurological symptoms have been described with ranolazine treatment. In this case report, we describe a case of an elderly diabetic patient with chronic angina pectoris who developed visual hallucinations during an acute worsening of kidney function after tolerating ranolazine well for six years...

Coronary artery anomaly is known as one of the causes of angina pectoris and sudden death and is an important clinical entity that cannot be overlooked. The incidence of coronary artery anomalies is as low as 1%-2% of the general population, even when the various types are combined. Coronary anomalies are practically challenging when the left and right coronary ostium are not found around their normal positions during coronary angiography with a catheter. If there is atherosclerotic stenosis of the coronary artery with an anomaly and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is required, the suitability of the guiding catheter at the entrance and the adequate back up force of the guiding catheter are issues...

BACKGROUND: The study aimed to explore the association between manganese concentration and all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related, and cancer-related mortality in the general population of the United States. METHODS: We integrated the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2011 to 2018. A total of 9,207 subjects were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The relationship between manganese concentration and all-cause, CVD-related, and cancer-related mortality was analyzed by constructing a Cox proportional hazard regression model and a restricted cubic spline (RCS) plot...

Endothelial dysfunction is a hallmark of cardiovascular diseases, contributing to impaired vasodilation, altered hemodynamics, and atherosclerosis progression. Trimetazidine, traditionally used for angina pectoris, exhibits diverse therapeutic effects on endothelial dysfunction. This review aims to elucidate the mechanisms underlying trimetazidine's actions and its potential as a therapeutic agent for endothelial dysfunction and associated cardiovascular disorders. Trimetazidine enhances vasodilation and hemodynamic function by modulating endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity, nitric oxide production, and endothelin-1...

Background and Objectives . In emergency departments, chest pain is a common concern, highlighting the critical importance of distinguishing between acute coronary syndrome and other potential causes. Our research aimed to introduce and implement the HEAR score, specifically, in remote emergency outposts in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Materials and Methods. This follow-up study conducted a retrospective analysis of a prospective cohort consisting of patients who were admitted to the remote emergency medicine outposts in Canton Sarajevo and Zenica from 1 November to 31 December 2023...

Multivessel coronary artery disease (MV-CAD) remains a prevalent and serious health concern despite advances in treatment. Early identification and risk stratification are crucial for optimizing treatment. The CRP-to-albumin ratio (CAR) has emerged as a promising biomarker in various inflammatory diseases. This study investigated the potential of CAR as a marker for MV-CAD. We retrospectively analyzed 1360 patients with suspected CAD. Patients were divided into three groups based on CAR tertiles. Logistic regression analyses were carried out to estimate the association between MHR and MV-CAD...

BACKGROUND: As one of the most famous natural products, salvianolic acid A (SAA) is undergoing clinical trials for the treatments of angina pectoris and coronary heart disorders. However, the in vivo metabolites of SAA have only been tentatively identified, leading to a barrier for precise therapeutical drug monitoring. METHODS: Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Qtof-MS/MS) was firstly employed to acquire high-resolution MS1 and MS2 spectra for all metabolites...

Panoramic radiography imaging modality is widely used by dentists for diagnosing dental and jaw conditions. It can also detect carotid artery calcification (CAC), indicative of calcified atherosclerotic plaques in the carotid arteries. This cross-sectional retrospective study at the University of Tennessee Health Science Center investigated the link between CAC identified on panoramic radiograph (PR) and cerebrovascular accident (CVA), coronary artery disease (CAD), and poor oral health. Data from 314 CAC patients collected from 2014 to 2023 included age at diagnosis, gender, and clinical histories of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus, CVA, CAD, and the decay, missing, and filled permanent teeth (DMFT) index...

BACKGROUND: Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the most common cause of death in Europe. Although the 2019 European Society of Cardiology/European Atherosclerosis Society Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias claim a target low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) value of <55 mg/dL for very high-risk patients by use of lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) and lifestyle adaptations, the target level achievement is not satisfactory. We examined LLT use in ASCVD patients exceeding LDL-C target levels at admission and its adaptations at discharge...

BACKGROUND: Among patients with obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) on coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA), downstream positron emission tomography (PET) perfusion imaging can be performed to assess the presence of myocardial ischemia. A novel artificial-intelligence-guided quantitative computed tomography ischemia algorithm (AI-QCTischemia ) aims to predict ischemia directly from coronary CTA images. We aimed to study the prognostic value of AI-QCTischemia among patients with obstructive CAD on coronary CTA and normal or abnormal downstream PET perfusion...

Bipolar disorder is associated with increased rates of many physical disorders, but the effects of medication are unclear. We systematically investigated the associations between sustained use of first line maintenance agents, lithium versus lamotrigine and valproate, and the risk of physical disorders using a nation-wide population-based target trial emulation covering the entire 5.9 million inhabitants in Denmark. We identified two cohorts. Cohort 1: patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder prior to first purchase (N = 12...

The incidence and mortality of cardiovascular diseases, of which coronary heart disease (CHD) is a significant cardiovascular burden, are on the rise. Pyroptosis as an incipient programmed cell death mediated by inflammasomes can sense cytoplasmic contamination or interference and is typically marked by intracellular swelling, plasma membrane blistering and intense inflammatory cytokine release. As research on pyroptosis continues to progress, there is mounting evidence that pyroptosis is a vital participant in the pathophysiological basis of CHD...

BACKGROUND: Depression is a known risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD), but the potential sex differences in this association remain unclear. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between depression and subsequent CVD events, and to explore potential sex differences. METHODS: The authors conducted a retrospective analysis using the JMDC Claims Database between 2005 and 2022. The study population included 4,125,720 individuals aged 18 to 75 years without a history of cardiovascular disease or renal failure and missing data at baseline...

Hypertension is the leading risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although cancer has recently been increasingly recognized as a novel risk factor for CVD events, little is known about whether co-morbid cancer in individuals with hypertension could further increase the risk of CVD events. We sought to determine the association between the cancer history and the risk of CVD in individuals with hypertension. We retrospectively analyzed a large cohort of 747,620 individuals diagnosed with hypertension from January 2005 through May 2022 using the JMDC Claims Database...

Endothelial dysfunction is the main factor that causes the onset of CAD. Leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium of the active blood artery wall has been demonstrated to be one of the early indicators of arteriosclerosis. This process is regulated by selectins. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the relationship between the polymorphisms in the E-selectin gene that have been linked to ischemic heart disease. We looked at the functional impact of the E-selectin gene polymorphism 7170G>C in Iraqi patients with IHD...

Layered plaque, a signature of previous plaque destabilization and healing, is a known predictor for rapid plaque progression; however, the mechanism of which is unknown. The aim of the current study was to compare the level of vascular inflammation and plaque vulnerability in layered plaques to investigate possible mechanisms of rapid plaque progression. This is a retrospective, observational, single-center cohort study. Patients who underwent both coronary computed tomography angiography (CTA) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) for stable angina pectoris (SAP) were selected...