Indirect calorimetry

BACKGROUND: Guidelines recommend prioritizing protein provision while avoiding excessive energy delivery to critically ill patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), but there are no prospective studies evaluating such a targeted approach in this group. We aimed to evaluate the effect of a "higher-protein formula protocol" on protein, energy, and volume delivery when compared with standard nutrition protocol. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study of adult patients with COVID-19 who received mechanical ventilation for >72 h and enteral nutrition...

CONTEXT: Monocarboxylate transporter 8 (MCT8) deficiency is a rare genetic disease that leads to severe global developmental delay. MCT8 facilitates thyroid hormone (TH) transport across the cell membrane, and the serum TH profile is characterized by high T3 and low T4 levels. Recent studies have shown that the chemical chaperone sodium phenylbutyrate (NaPB) restored mutant MCT8 function and increased TH content in patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells, making it a potential treatment for MCT8 deficiency...

INTRODUCTION: In this study, we investigated the impact of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), quantified as peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak ), on the relationship between work rates (WR) at the aerobic threshold (AerT) and the point of maximal fat oxidation rate (Fatmax ). METHODS: A total of 761 untrained adults aged 41-68 completed a one-minute incremental exercise test on a cycle ergometer, using breath-by-breath gas analysis to determine VO2peak , AerT, and Fatmax ...

When determining extracorporeal oxygen transfer (VMLO2) during venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VV ECMO) dissolved oxygen is often considered to play a subordinate role due to its poor solubility in blood plasma. This study was designed to assess the impact of dissolved oxygen on systemic oxygenation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) on VV ECMO support by differentiating between dissolved and hemoglobin-bound extracorporeal oxygen transfer. We calculated both extracorporeal oxygen transfer based on blood gas analysis using the measuring energy expenditure in extracorporeal lung support patients (MEEP) protocol and measured oxygen uptake by the native lung with indirect calorimetry...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Recent changes in guidelines recommendation during early phase of critical illness and use of indirect calorimetry. The aim of this review is to discuss methods of determining energy requirements in the critically ill and highlight factors impacting resting energy expenditure. RECENT FINDING: An appraisal of recent literature discussing indirect calorimetry guided-nutrition potential benefits or pitfalls. Recent attempts to devise strategy and pilot indirect calorimetry use in the critically ill patients requiring continuous renal replacement therapy or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation are also discussed...

BACKGROUND: Understanding energy expenditure in children with chronic disease is critical due to the impact on energy homeostasis and growth. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review aimed to describe available literature of resting (REE) and total energy expenditure (TEE) in children with chronic disease measured by gold standard methods of indirect calorimetry (IC) and doubly-labelled water (DLW), respectively. METHODS: A literature search was conducted using OVID Medline, Embase, CINAHL Plus, Cochrane and Scopus until July 2023...

BACKGROUND: Angelman syndrome (AS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by severe intellectual disability, little to no expressive speech, visual and motor problems, emotional/behavioral challenges, and a tendency towards hyperphagia and weight gain. The characteristics of AS make it difficult to measure these children's functioning with standard clinical tests. Feasible outcome measures are needed to measure current functioning and change over time, in clinical practice and clinical trials...

Nutritional disorders in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are associated with cachexia, sarcopenia, and weight loss. In particular, weight loss is a prognostic factor in COPD independent of pulmonary function, and energy malnutrition is a contributing factor. Frequent exacerbation hospitalization is also a prognostic factor for COPD patients. The impact of energy malnutrition on adverse events such as exacerbation hospitalization is unknown, and this study aimed to investigate that...

Metabolic flexibility (MetFlex) describes the ability to respond and adapt to changes in metabolic demand and substrate availability. The relationship between physical (in)activity and MetFlex is unclear. This study aimed to determine whether sedentary time, physical activity (PA), and cardiorespiratory fitness associate with MetFlex. Sedentary time, standing, and PA were measured with accelerometers for four weeks in 64 sedentary adults with metabolic syndrome (37 women, 27 men; 58.3 [SD 6.8] years). Fitness (VO2 max [mL·kg-1 ·min-1 ]) was measured with graded maximal cycle ergometry...

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BACKGROUND: Many equations to estimate the resting energy expenditure (REE) of patients with burns are currently available, but which of them provides the best guide to optimize nutrition support is controversial. This review examined the bias and precision of commonly used equations in patients with severe burns. METHODS: A systematic search of the PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases was undertaken on June 1, 2023, to identify studies comparing predicted REE (using equations) with measured REE (by indirect calorimetry [IC]) in adults with severe burns...

BACKGROUND: Minor burns could be associated with moderate hypermetabolism. In this study, the primary outcome was measured energy expenditure (mEE) determined by indirect calorimetry in patients with minor burns. We also compared mEE with predictive values and actual energy intakes. METHODS: Adults with minor burns exclusively treated on an outpatient basis were included. During the week following injury, a dietitian performed indirect calorimetry (Q-NRG in canopy mode), calculated the estimated energy expenditure (eEE) based on the Harris-Benedict (HB) and Henry formulas, and evaluated daily energy intakes using a food anamnesis...

This study evaluated the intestinal effects of alkalinized filtered water in lean and obese adult Zucker rats. For 3 months, 12-week-old rats consumed either tap water or filtered alkalinized tap water from Madrid city. Weight gain was monitored, changes in metabolism were evaluated by indirect calorimetry, and total antioxidant capacity and levels of inflammatory mediators were measured in plasma. Feces were collected, their microbial composition was analyzed and histological analysis of the small and large intestine was performed, assessing the general state of the mucosa (MUC2), the inflammatory state (F4/80) and the presence of oxidative modifications in protein 4-Hydroxynonenal (4-HNE) by immunofluorescence (IF) and immunohistochemistry (IHC)...

We propose a novel method for assessing metabolic flexibility (MF) through indirect calorimetry. A total of twenty healthy volunteers (10 females; 10 males) aged 45-65 were categorized into a Low-Intensity activity group (LI, 0-1 session of 1 h per week) and a High-Intensity activity group (HI, 5-6 sessions of 2 h per week). Volunteers underwent a stepwise exercise test on a cycle ergometer, connected to a calorimeter, to examine respiratory gas exchange to evaluate peak fatty acid Oxidation (PFO) and peak carbohydrate oxidation (PCO)...

INTRODUCTION: Severe obesity can develop in children with PWS when food intake is not controlled. Maintenance of body weight requires an energy balance, of which energy intake and energy expenditure are important components. Previous studies described a decreased resting energy expenditure (REE) in growth hormone (GH)-untreated children with PWS. In short-term studies, no difference in REE was found between GH-treated and untreated children with PWS. However, there are limited data on REE in children with PWS who were GH-treated for a long period...

PURPOSE: Nutrition is of paramount importance in critically ill trauma patients. However, adequate supply is difficult to achieve, as caloric requirements are unknown. This study investigated caloric requirements over time, based on indirect calorimetry, in critically ill trauma patients. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study at a tertiary trauma center including critically ill trauma patients who underwent indirect calorimetry 2012-2019. Caloric requirements were assessed as resting energy expenditure (REE) during the intensive care unit stay up to 28 days and analyzed in patient-clustered linear regression analysis...

To compare the energy expenditure (EE) assessed by ventilator-derived carbon dioxide production (EE-VCO2-ventilator) and the energy expenditure calculated from six predictive equations with the gold standard energy expenditure measured with indirect calorimetry (IC) in mechanically ventilated patients.

There is scarce data on energy expenditure in ill children with different degrees of malnutrition. This study aimed to determine resting energy expenditure (REE) trajectories in hospitalized malnourished children during and after hospitalization. We followed a cohort of children in Bangladesh and Malawi (2-23 months) with: no wasting (NW); moderate wasting (MW), severe wasting (SW), or edematous malnutrition (EM). REE was measured by indirect calorimetry at admission, discharge, 14-and-45-days post-discharge...

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the difference in absolute and fat free mass (FFM)-adjusted resting energy expenditure (mREE) and body composition (body weight, fat mass (FM), FFM) between breast cancer survivors (BCs) and controls. Correlations with body composition were analyzed. We examined if survival year, or being metabolically dysfunctional were predictive variables. METHODS: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted on 32 BCs ≤5 years post treatment and 36 healthy controls...

Purpose : In this study we evaluated the reliability of blood lactate levels (BLa), energy expenditure and substrate utilization during prolonged exercise at the intensity that elicits maximal fat oxidation (FATmax). Furthermore, we investigated the accuracy of a single graded exercise test (GXT) for predicting energy metabolism at FATmax. Methods : Seventeen young men with obesity (26 ± 6 years; 36.4 ± 7.2 %body fat) performed a GXT on a treadmill in a fasted state (10-12 h) for the assessment of FATmax and cardiorespiratory fitness...