openness-to-experience

U.S. military veterans are an average 20 years older than non-veterans and have elevated rates of certain health conditions. While negative aging stereotypes have been linked to increased risk for various health conditions, little is known about the prevalence and correlates of these stereotypes in this population. Using data from a nationally representative sample of 4,069 U.S. veterans surveyed between 11/19 and 3/20, we examined (1) the current prevalence of negative aging stereotypes related to physical, mental, and cognitive health and (2) sociodemographic, health, and psychosocial factors associated with these stereotypes...

BACKGROUND: A better characterization of educational processes during psychiatry training is needed, both to foster personal resilience and occupational proficiency. METHODS: An adequate coverage of medical residents at the national level was reached (41.86% of the total reference population, 29 out of 36 training centers-80.55%). Controls were recruited among residents in other medical specialties. All participants were assessed by questionnaires to evaluate early life experiences, attachment style, personality traits, coping strategies, emotional competencies...

Unfolding item response theory (IRT) models are important alternatives to dominance IRT models in describing the response processes on self-report tests. Their usage is common in personality measures, since they indicate potential differentiations in test score interpretation. This paper aims to gain a better insight into the structure of trait personality, by investigating whether the dominance or alternatively the unfolding IRT model are better descriptors of the response processes on a personality measure constructed under the dominance response theorem...

PURPOSE: Retail businesses have been seeing dramatic changes in the last decades. It has evolved from single-channel retailing to omnichannel retailing, providing a seamless shopping experience to customers. Customers armed with modern technology are creating challenges for retailers and forcing them to create an omnichannel environment. So, implementing an omnichannel retailing strategy is a big challenge for retail managers in the age of modern technologies. Retailers could evaluate consumers' usage intention of omnichannel retailing based on technological and psychological factors...

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of openness to experience on pain acceptance through positive affect (PA) considering the moderating role of preference for mood management goals in women with fibromyalgia (FM). A cross-sectional study (n = 231) was carried out. A simple mediation model and a moderate mediation model were conducted by SPSS macro-PROCESS. Results showed that PA mediated positively the effect of openness to experience on acceptance (B = 0.46, SE = 0...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Studies have found that older people value care workers' character traits and interpersonal judgment even more highly than their technical skills. Yet identifying these traits at recruitment is challenging. This study aimed to evaluate the first situational judgement tests (STJs) for direct care workers. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Online tests were conducted with 251 care workers and members of the public in England. Participants evaluated the appropriateness of 61 potential behavioral responses to 11 "critical incidents," each depicting challenging care work scenarios...

Sexual orientation has been defined as an enduring aspect of the self, but emerging evidence reveals that people's sexual attractions, behaviors, and identities can shift over time. To examine this possibility, we present a large longitudinal analysis of sexual orientation identity fluidity among New Zealand adults ( N total  = 45,856; age = 18-99; lesbian, gay, bisexual, and other sexual minority (LGB+) n s = 746-3,387). Over seven years, 5.7% of participants changed sexual identities at least once...

BACKGROUND: Military morale is defined as the enthusiasm and persistence with which a member of the group engages in the prescribed activities of that group and is considered to be closely related to performance. The current study uses the conceptualization of military morale through the elements of work engagement and burnout. Nevertheless, our personality traits, and how we interpret or react to our environment, including group atmosphere, may also be related to perception of morale alongside positive and negative affectivity...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: <p>Although headaches are often comorbid with psychological symptoms, the underlying psychological processes, e.g. the role of personality dimensions as headache determinants remains unclear. Studies found associations between headaches and various personality traits; according to the Big Five model of personality, persons suffering from headaches exhibit a higher rate in neuroticism, while a lower rate in extraversion, openness to experiences and positive emotions...

Variability in brain activity that persists after accounting for overt behavioral and physiological states is often considered noise and controlled as a covariate in research. However, studying intra-individual variability in brain function can provide valuable insights into the dynamic nature of the brain. To explore this, we conducted a study on 43 participants analyzing the EEG microstate dynamics and self-reported spontaneous mental activity during five-minute resting-state recordings on two separate days with a twenty days average delay between recordings...

The Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in widespread anxiety, fear and depression, yet focussing only on these negative issues may obscure the opportunity to promote positivity and resilience. Traumatic events can often result in positive life changes (adversarial growth) though there is little evidence in the context of pandemics, and no previous studies in Covid-19 with the general public. The present research investigated whether adversarial growth was perceived in Covid-19 and whether this could account for variance in wellbeing, over and above effects of personality traits...

Our paper takes as its starting point the recent proposal, at the core of this special issue, to use the active inference framework (AIF) to computationally model what it is for a person to live a meaningful life. In broad brushstrokes, the AIF takes experiences of human flourishing to be the result of predictions and uncertainty estimations along many dimensions at multiple levels of neurobiological organization. Our aim in this paper is to explain how AIF models predict that uncertainty can sometimes, under the right conditions, be conducive to the experiences of flourishing...

OBJECTIVES: Personality traits should be taken into account when diagnosing individuals with disordered eating behaviors in the hope of better understanding their etiology and symptom progression and when planning treatment. The objective of this study was to attempt to determine the moderating role of self-esteem in the relationships between personality traits included in the Big Five model among Polish women and estimated risk of eating disorders. METHODS: The study was conducted among 556 Polish women from Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship...

OBJECTIVE: This study investigated the associations between personality traits at age 8 and academic performance between ages 10 and 14, controlling for family confounds. BACKGROUND: Many studies have shown links between children's personality traits and their school performance. However, we lack evidence on whether these associations remain after genetic and environmental confounders are accounted for. METHOD: Sibling data from the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) were used (n = 9701)...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine whether stimulation and support in early childhood and best friendship quality in adolescence predict adult personality. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE: We used data from 123 individuals from an ongoing longitudinal study, with multiple assessment phases and modalities (observation, parental rating, self-report) to investigate prospective associations between stimulation and support in the home in early childhood (age 1-2), best friendship quality in adolescence (age 15), and the Big Five personality traits in adulthood (age 29) controlling for temperament, socioeconomic status (SES), and gender...

BACKGROUND: The primary objective of our correlational, cross-sectional study was to determine the relationship between fear of COVID-19 infection and fear of COVID-19 vaccination and the role of the Big Five personality traits in this relationship. PARTICIPANTS AND PROCEDURE: The study sample consisted of 462 participants, including 286 women and 176 men, aged 18 to 75, recruited from the general population. The Big Five personality traits were diagnosed using the Polish version of the Ten-Item Personality Inventory...

Meta-analytic evidence shows that most personality traits tend to increase through early adulthood and middle age but decrease in late adulthood, whereas Emotional Stability continues to increase throughout late adulthood. We propose that these normative patterns of personality development can be explained by motivational theories of aging. Specifically, decreases in Extraversion, Agreeableness, Conscientiousness, and Openness to Experience may reflect a reduced capacity to control one's environment, whereas continued increases in Emotional Stability reflect increases in individual's ability to compensate and cope with age-graded losses...

BACKGROUND: Although the tobacco epidemic is one of the greatest public health threats, the smoking cessation rate among Chinese adults is considerably lower. Personality information may indicate which treatments or interventions are more likely to be effective. China is the largest producer and consumer of tobacco worldwide. However, little is known about the association between smoking cessation and personality traits in China. AIM: This study aimed to examine the association between successful smoking cessation and personality traits among Chinese adults...

Cultured meat, produced by culturing animal cells in vitro, is gaining increasing interest. The first products obtained using this technology were authorized for human consumption in Singapore and the United States, and more are likely to follow in other parts of the world. Therefore, it is important to assess the attitudes toward such meat in various populations and understand the grounds for its acceptance and rejection. The present cross-sectional online study of adult Poles ( n = 1553) aimed to evaluate knowledge of cultured meat, the main reasons and fears associated with its production and consumption, and willingness to buy it and factors influencing such willingness...

Eating disorders (EDs) have been understudied and misunderstood in men. Among the relevant factors in the risk, onset, and maintenance of EDs, personality stands out. Therefore, the aim of the study was to analyze the relationships between personality traits and risk variables for the development of EDs in men. A total of 443 male university students (mean = 22.16 years) who completed the Spanish versions of the Eating Disorder Inventory-3 (EDI-3) and the NEO Five-Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI) participated. Correlation analyses were performed, and in order to determine the predictive role of personality traits on risk scales, a hierarchical multiple regression was performed...