resistant depression

Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological disorders in the world. Common epileptic drugs generally affect ion channels or neurotransmitters and prevent the emergence of seizures. However, up to a third of the patients suffer from drug-resistant epilepsy, and there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutic strategies that go beyond acute antiepileptic (antiseizure) therapies towards therapeutics that also might have effects on chronic epilepsy comorbidities such as cognitive decline and depression. The mitochondrial calcium uniporter (MCU) mediates rapid mitochondrial Ca2+ transport through the inner mitochondrial membrane...

PURPOSE: Somatization is an important mental process that may causes medically unexplained and treatment-resistant somatic symptoms. The aim of the study is assess the presence of somatization in patients with dry eye disease (DED). METHODS: Eighty-eight patients with no objective DED finding and ongoing DED treatment were included in this prospective and observational study. Patients with subjective symptoms formed the symptom group and patients without subjective symptoms formed the control group...

Stimulation of the innate immune system prior to stress exposure is a possible strategy to prevent depression under stressful conditions. Based on the innate immune system stimulating activities of zymosan A, we hypothesize that zymosan A may prevent the development of chronic stress-induced depression-like behavior. Our results showed that a single injection of zymosan A 1 day before stress exposure at a dose of 2 or 4 mg/kg, but not at a dose of 1 mg/kg, prevented the development of depression-like behaviors in mice treated with chronic social defeat stress (CSDS)...

BACKGROUND: Comparisons between endurance training (ET) and resistance training (RT) have produced equivocal findings in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients. The purpose of our study is to investigate the effectiveness and long-term outcomes of adding ET and RT to conventional medical treatment in patients with COPD. A secondary objective is to investigate the clinical improvements resulting from exercise training in patients with different disease severities. METHODS: The study was a multicenter, prospective trial in people with stable COPD...

Tardive dysphoria (TDp) is a phenomenon characterized by the delayed onset or worsening of depressive symptoms following the discontinuation or alteration of antidepressant medications. TDp is a recently defined, under-recognized, and understudied condition. We present a series of five TDp cases exploring the diverse presentations, management strategies, and associated medical conditions. In all the cases, TDp manifested after prolonged use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). All cases were successfully managed with atypical antidepressants...

Transcranial ultrasonic neuromodulation is a rapidly burgeoning field where low-intensity transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS), with exquisite spatial resolution and deep tissue penetration, is used to non-invasively activate or suppress neural activity in specific brain regions. Over the past decade, there has been a rapid increase of tFUS neuromodulation studies in healthy humans and subjects with central nervous system (CNS) disease conditions, including a recent surge of clinical investigations in patients...

BACKGROUND: A seminal study found higher subgenual frontal cortex resting-state connectivity with 2 left ventral frontal regions and the dorsal midbrain to predict better response to psychotherapy versus medication in individuals with treatment-naïve major depressive disorder (MDD). Here, we examined whether these subgenual networks also play a role in the pathophysiology of clinical outcomes in MDD with early treatment resistance in primary care. METHODS: Forty-five people with current MDD who had not responded to ≥2 serotonergic antidepressants ( n  = 43, meeting predefined functional magnetic resonance imaging minimum quality thresholds) were enrolled and followed over 4 months of standard care...

Postpartum depression (PPD) has a significant impact on the physical and mental health of mothers, potentially leading to symptoms such as low mood, fatigue, and decreased appetite. It may also affect the healthy growth of the infant. The onset of PPD is closely related to abnormalities in inflammation and the immune system. PPD patients exhibit abnormalities in the proportion of peripheral blood immune cells, along with an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines. Excessive pro-inflammatory cytokines in peripheral blood can disrupt the blood-brain barrier (BBB) by activating astrocytes and reducing transendothelial electrical resistance (TEER), allowing peripheral immune cells or cytokines to enter the brain and trigger inflammation, ultimately leading to the onset of depression...

The compound N -(3-(phenylselanyl)prop-2-yn-1-yl)benzamide (SePB), which combines a selenium atom and a benzamide nucleus in an organic structure, has demonstrated a fast antidepressant-like effect in mice. This action is influenced by the serotonergic system and represents a promising development in the search for novel antidepressant drugs to treat major depressive disorder (MDD), which often resists conventional treatments. This study aimed to further explore the mechanism underlying the antidepressant-like effect of SePB by investigating the involvement of the dopaminergic and noradrenergic systems in the tail suspension test (TST) in mice and evaluating its pharmacokinetic profile in silico...

BACKGROUND: The augmentative antidepressant effects of dopamine partial agonists (aripiprazole, brexpiprazole, and cariprazine) for treatment-resistant depression have been compared in a previous network meta-analysis. However, the comparative efficacy of the dose-responses of these drugs remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to estimate the dose-response relationships and compare the effects of each dopamine partial agonist doses. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review of the Cochrane Library, PubMed, CINHAL, and ClinicalTrials...

PURPOSE: The prevalence of comorbid depression and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is high. The aim of this brief report was to review 2 cases of treatment with tranylcypromine (TCP) in patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and CKD. Tests of the plasma concentration of TCP were included. METHODS: Medical and psychiatric notes of the 2 patients were reviewed with plasma concentrations of TCP as a key aspect of the discussion. The data are evaluated in the context of relevant medical and pharmacokinetic literature...

BACKGROUND: Chronic cancer-related pain (CRP) can have a significant negative impact on quality of life. Mindfulness is hypothesized to mitigate chronic CRP by regulating both physical and emotional resistance to pain. In recent years, there has been interest in the use of virtual reality (VR) to deliver mindfulness meditation. VR provides an immersive and engaging environment, which may enhance one's focused attention to present-moment experiences, potentially making mindfulness less effortful and more efficacious for individuals with chronic pain...

Despite affecting ~11-13% of women globally, polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a substantially understudied condition. PCOS, possibly extending to men's health, imposes a considerable health and economic burden worldwide. Diagnosis in adults follows the International Evidence-based Guideline for the Assessment and Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, requiring two out of three criteria - clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, and/or specific ovarian morphological characteristics or elevated anti-Müllerian hormone...

BACKGROUND: Ketamine has been established as efficacious in adults living with Treatment-resistant Depression (TRD). Toward providing a quantifiable estimate of the clinical meaningfulness of the therapeutic benefit of ketamine, herein, we conduct a systematic review that aims to report the Number Needed to Treat (NNT) and the Number Needed to Harm (NNH). METHODS: This systematic review searched Embase, Medline/Pubmed, PsycINFO and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception up to October 15th 2023, for placebo-controlled, Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) assessing racemic ketamine or esketamine therapy for unipolar TRD...

IMPORTANCE: Perioperative anxiety is prevalent among patients undergoing surgical treatment of cancer and often influences their prognosis. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) has shown potential in the treatment of various anxiety-related disorders, but data on the impact of tDCS on perioperative anxiety are limited. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of tDCS in reducing perioperative anxiety among patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal cancer (CRC) resection...

RATIONALE: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) significantly impairs the quality of life for those affected. While the exact causes of MDD are not fully understood, the deficit of monoamines, especially serotonin and noradrenaline, is widely accepted. Resistance to long-term treatments and adverse effects are often observed, highlighting the need for new pharmacological therapies. Synthetic organic compounds containing selenium have exhibited pharmacological properties, including potential antidepressant effects...

BACKGROUND: Although the prevalence of depressive disorders in old age is high, many older people succeed in staying healthy despite age-related stressors. The individual resilience or mental power of resistance can explain these differences. OBJECTIVE: It is shown how resilience factors or strategies of healthy aging can be used for the primary prevention of depressive disorders in old age. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The article summarizes the practically relevant age-specific aspects of resilience obtained through a narrative literature search and evaluates the relevant state of knowledge, also with respect to the consecutive development of primary preventive measures to avoid depressive disorders...

PURPOSE: To assess the effects of a group exercise intervention conducted by real-time videoconference on the low back pain of eldercare workers. METHODS: We randomly assigned 130 eldercare workers to an experimental group (EG: n = 65) or control group (CG: n = 65). Participants from both groups took part in routine prevention programs carried out in their workplace, and participants from the EG received an additional 12-week resistance-exercise intervention supervised by real-time videoconference...

Depression is a disorder with variable presentation. Selecting treatments and dose-finding is, therefore, challenging and time-consuming. In addition, novel antidepressants such as ketamine have sparse optimization evidence. Insights obtained from metabolomics may improve the management of patients. The objective of this study was to determine whether compounds in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metabolome correlate with scores on questionnaires and response to medication. We performed a retrospective pilot study to evaluate phenotypic and metabolomic variability in patients with treatment-resistant depression using multivariate data compression algorithms...

BACKGROUND: Ketamine has emerged as one of the most promising therapies for treatment-resistant depression. However, inter-individual variability in response to ketamine is still not well understood and it is unclear how ketamine's molecular mechanisms connect to its neural and behavioral effects. METHODS: We conducted a single-blind placebo-controlled study, with participants blinded to their treatment condition. 40 healthy participants received acute ketamine (initial bolus 0...