Glenohumeral joint

BACKGROUND: Transfer of the anterior latissimus dorsi and teres major (LDTM) tendons has demonstrated favorable outcomes in patients with irreparable anterosuperior rotator cuff tears1 . The objective of this procedure is to restore internal rotation strength, enhance active range of motion, and provide pain relief while preserving the glenohumeral joint. DESCRIPTION: The incision extended from the coracoid to the inferior border of the pectoralis major tendon, following the deltopectoral interval located laterally to the coracoid...

» Posterior glenohumeral instability is relatively uncommon compared with anterior instability, but is becoming an increasingly recognized and surgically managed shoulder pathology.» Soft-tissue stabilization alone may not be sufficient in patients who present with substantial bone loss to the posterior glenoid and/or the anterior humeral head.» For posterior glenoid defects, posterior glenoid osteoarticular augmentation can be used, and posterior glenoid opening wedge osteotomy can be considered in cases of posterior instability with pathologic retroversion...

Shoulder injuries are common in baseball pitchers and primarily involve the glenohumeral joint. Past analyses have examined shoulder biomechanics during different pitch types simply as the motion of the upper arm relative to the thorax. In this study, glenohumeral and scapulothoracic kinematics were compared between fastballs and curveballs at key timepoints throughout a pitch. Upper extremity kinematics of thirteen collegiate pitchers were collected during fastball and curveball pitches with motion capture...

The infraspinatus muscle (IS) makes a minor contribution to lateral rotation of the arm but mainly serves to stabilize the glenohumeral (GH) joint as part of the rotator cuff. Although reports of variations in the rotator cuff muscles have been documented previously, specific discussions of IS variants are lacking. In this report, we present a novel case of an accessory muscle in the infraspinous fossa and its relationship to the IS, which was normally located. We describe the observed physical features of the muscles and their innervation patterns...

The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive resource for shoulder proprioception assessment and its integration into clinical decision making as well as targeted rehabilitation protocols. Data for this review were acquired from peer-reviewed articles from computerized online databases, namely PubMed and Medline, published between 1906 and 2021. The development of digital/smart phone goniometers can improve shoulder joint range of motion (ROM) measurements and demonstrate comparable measurement accuracy to the universal standard goniometer...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study is to compare the accuracy of 3D magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with that of 3D CT in evaluating glenoid bone loss (GBL). METHODS: This review aligned with PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, and Web of Science were obtained from data inception to Aug 28, 2023. The search term "glenoid bone loss" was extracted and analyzed via stringent inclusion and exclusion criteria...

PURPOSE: The anterior stability of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty is affected by multiple factors. However, the effect of glenosphere inclination on stability has rarely been investigated, which is what this study aims to look into. METHODS: Reverse shoulder arthroplasty was performed on 15 cadaveric human shoulders. The anterior dislocation forces and range of motion in internal rotation in the glenohumeral joint (primary measured parameters) were tested in a shoulder simulator in different arm positions and implant configurations, as well as with a custom-made 10° inferiorly inclined glenosphere...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Anterior shoulder instability is associated with concomitant injury to several stabilizing structures of the shoulder, including glenoid bone loss. While instability is most common in young athletes and patients with predisposing conditions of hyperlaxity, recurrent shoulder instability can occur throughout various age ranges and may lead to longer term effects including pain and shoulder arthritis. Glenoid bone loss exceeding certain thresholds is generally treated by glenoid reconstruction via bone block augmentation to adequately stabilize the glenohumeral joint...

Poor functional outcomes after hemiarthroplasty for proximal humerus fractures are common, yet revision surgery is relatively rare. Arthroscopic treatment for postoperative stiffness can be considered in the setting of functional limits to glenohumeral range of motion impacting activities of daily living after adequate conservative treatment with physical therapy and in the setting of healed, well-positioned tuberosities and humeral components. This Technical Note illustrates a stepwise approach to an arthroscopic lysis of adhesions and capsular release for the treatment of arthrofibrosis of the shoulder...

PURPOSE: A variety of instabilities are grouped under multidirectional instability (MDI) of the shoulder. This makes understanding its diagnostic process, presentation and treatment difficult due to lack of evidence-based consensus. This review aims to propose a novel classification for subtypes of MDI. METHODS: A systematic search was performed on PubMed Medline and Embase. A combination of the following 'MeSH' and 'non-MesH' search terms were used: (1) Glenohumeral joint[tiab] OR Glenohumeral[tiab] OR Shoulder[tiab] OR Shoulder joint[tiab] OR Shoulder[MeSH] OR Shoulder joint[MeSH], (2) Multidirectional[tiab], (3) Instability[tiab] OR Joint instability[MeSH]...

OBJECTIVES: Image-guided ultrasound or fluoroscopic glenohumeral injections have high accuracy rates, but require training, equipment, cost, and radiation exposure (fluoroscopy). In contrast, landmark-guided glenohumeral injections do not require additional subspecialist referral or equipment. An optimal technique would be safe, accurate, and have few barriers to implementation. The purpose of this study was to define the accuracy of glenohumeral needle placement via an anterior landmark-guided approach as assessed by direct arthroscopic visualization...

» Reverse total shoulder arthroplasty was designed to function in the rotator cuff deficient shoulder by adjusting the glenohumeral center of rotation (COR) to maximize deltoid function.» Adjustments in the COR ultimately lead to changes in resting tension of the deltoid and remaining rotator cuff, which can affect implant stability and risk of stress fracture.» Soft-tissue balance and complication profiles can be affected by humeral component (version, neck shaft angle, and inlay vs. onlay) and glenoid component (sagittal placement, version, inclination, and lateralization) design and application...

BACKGROUND: Anatomical total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) and shoulder hemiarthroplasty (HA) have both been shown to have good outcomes in patients with osteoarthritis of the glenohumeral joint. However, evidence comparing perioperative complications between these procedures in this population is heterogeneous. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database was queried between the years 2012 and 2021 (10 years in total) for records of patients who underwent either TSA or HA for osteoarthritis of the glenohumeral joint...

OBJECTIVES: Frozen shoulder (FS) is one of the most challenging shoulder disorders for patients and clinicians. Its symptoms mainly include any combination of stiffness, nocturnal pain, and limitation of active and passive glenohumeral joint movement. Conventional treatment options for FS are physical therapy, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, injection therapy, and arthroscopic capsular release, but adverse and limited effects continue to present problems. As a result, pharmacoacupuncture (PA) is getting attention as an alternative therapy for patients with FS...

The anterior subtype of shoulder dislocations constitutes the vast majority that either reduces instantly or is reduced at the point of care with no serious complexities. The posterior ones are infrequent and inferior and superior dislocations are even more rare. Rupture of the deltoid is considered to be linked with superior dislocation; regardless, very few articles are available pertaining to the mechanism of onset and the management of a superior shoulder dislocation. In the line of traumatic shoulder dislocations, we present a one-year-old neglected case of a 23-year-old male who sustained an open injury over the right outstretched upper arm, abducted at an angle of approximately 45° due to a fall from a height of approximately 18 feet...

INTRODUCTION: Humeral implant designs for anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (aTSA) focus on anatomic reconstruction of the articular segment. Likewise, the pathoanatomy of advanced glenohumeral osteoarthritis (GHOA) often results in humeral head deformity. We hypothesized the anatomic reconstruction of the humeral head in aTSA risks overstuffing the glenohumeral joint. METHODS: 97 cases (52 females) of primary GHOA in patients treated with aTSA were evaluated...

BACKGROUND: The rationale for the Latarjet procedure was described as the "triple blocking" effect. Satisfactory surgical outcomes have been reported after surgery. However, it has been reported that the "triple blocking" effect increases joint stability, but it does not fully restore it. Moreover, the procedure is nonanatomic and concerns remain regarding the effects. The study of scapulohumeral rhythm, which is a clinical parameter used for the functional evaluation of shoulder kinematics, can offer new perspectives on the rationale for the procedure...

Background: Concomitant glenohumeral pathologies may be present in patients with acromioclavicular joint (ACJ) dislocations. This study aims to record and compare the prevalence and treatment of CGP in cases with acute and chronic ACJ dislocations. Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional binational, bicentric study included patients that underwent arthroscopically assisted stabilization for acute (group A) and chronic (group C) ACJ dislocations. Intraoperatively, CGPs and eventual treatments (debridement and reconstructive measures) were recorded...

AIM OF THE STUDY: Arthroscopy ranks among the frequently performed interventions in orthopedics. The aim of this study was to compare the palpation technique with the ultrasound technique for locating the dorsal glenohumeral joint space (JS) in shoulder joint punctures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Participants inexperienced in ultrasound examinations were included. Palpatory and ultrasound finding of the joint space by the participants was performed according to current recommendations and was initially demonstrated by an instructional video...

INTRODUCTION: Total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA) and hemiarthroplasty (HA) are used in the management of end stage glenohumeral arthritis. Improvement in shoulder function and resolution of symptoms are high priorities for patients. The aim of this study was to compare patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) following TSA and HA. METHOD: Records from the National Joint Registry of England, Wales, Northern Ireland and the Isle of Man were linked to the PROMs dataset...