Shuji Miyagawa, Akira Maeda, Chiyoshi Toyama, Shuhei Kogata, Chizu Okamatsu, Riho Yamamoto, Kazunori Masahata, Masafumi Kamiyama, Hiroshi Eguchi, Masahito Watanabe, Hiroshi Nagashima, Masahito Ikawa, Katsuyoshi Matsunami, Hiroomi Okuyama
After producing triple (Gal, H-D and Sda )-KO pigs, hyperacute rejection appeared to no longer be a problem. However, the origin of xeno-rejection continues to be a controversial topic, including small amounts of antibodies and subsequent activation of the graft endothelium, the complement recognition system and the coagulation systems. The complement is activated via the classical pathway by non-Gal/H-D/Sda antigens and by ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI), via the alternative pathway, especially on islets, and via the lectin pathway...
2022: Frontiers in Immunology