Anatomic variants paranasal sinus

Juvenile ossifying fibroma (JOF) and its variants, including juvenile psammomatoid ossifying fibroma (JPOF), represent rare yet clinically significant benign fibro-osseous lesions that primarily occur in children and young adolescents. They can be found in diverse anatomical sites such as the jaw, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and orbit. JOF exhibits an aggressive nature, necessitating early radiological detection and surgical intervention. Similarly, JPOF, with a locally malignant potential, requires surgical removal, typically conducted through endoscopic approaches...

The aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between frontal sinus pneumatization and its effect on various variations of paranasal sinuses on paranasal sinus CT scan. A total number of 100 patients (51 males, 49 females) were included in this study. Patients were divided into three groups on the basis of their frontal sinus pneumatization extent on paranasal sinus CT as Type 1 pneumatization (aplasia and hypoplasia), Type 2 pneumatization (medium) and Type 3 pneumatization (hyperplasia). The prevalence of various variations like pneumatization of upper and middle turbinate, presence of agger nasi, Haller and Onodi cell, maxillary sinus hypoplasia, extent of sphenoid sinus pneumatization, pneumatization of anterior clinoid process, pterygoid process and greater wing of sphenoid sinus, dehiscence and protrusion of internal carotid artery and optic nerve types were ascertained and compared within each group...

To study and analyse the variations in ethmoid roof anatomy and estimate the anatomical location and variations of AEA on CT scans. The study is conducted on 200 patients for detailed analysis of the olfactory fossa (OF) depth, supraorbital pneumatisation, and AEA location and distance from the skull base. In our study, Keros type II was predominant type seen followed by type I. Asymmetry was noted in 32/200 subjects (16%). The anterior ethmoidal artery (AEA) canal was seen in 341/400 sides (85.2%). We found Keros type II was the most common type in our study...

Computed tomography (CT) is the gold standard for diagnosing sinusitis and anatomical variations and a guide for paranasal sinus (PNS) surgeries. High doses of radiation lead to increased risk of head and neck malignancies, radiation-induced cataracts, hypothyroidism, and hyperthyroidism. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of low-dose CT as compared to standard-dose CT in the identification of anatomical variants of paranasal sinus and rhinosinusitis. This was a prospective cross-sectional study consisting of 72 patients who were divided equally into cases (underwent low-dose CT for PNS) and controls (underwent CT for PNS using standard dose protocols)...

Importance To identify the anatomical variants of the uncinate process relevant to surgical intervention during the nose and paranasal sinus surgeries. Objective To evaluate the frequency of anatomical variants of the uncinate process in a population of northeast Mexico and compare it with another population. Methods Retrospective study, descriptive and analytical, randomly selected patients with radiological evaluation at Hospital Universitario Dr. José Eleuterio González, Monterrey, Mexico. Images were obtained from the Radiology Department...

UNLABELLED: Polypous rhinosinusitis (PRS) is a chronic inflammatory disease of the mucous membrane of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, characterized by the formation and recurrent growth of polyps. Often, PRS is a manifestation of the most severe clinical symptom complex - the asthmatic triad (AT). AT is characterized by three main clinical manifestations: bronchial asthma (BA) itself, PRS, intolerance to acetylsalicylic acid, other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and NA...

Nasal obstruction (NO) is a common clinical symptom characterized by a subjective sensation of insufficient airflow through the nasal cavity and may result from various factors, including changes in nasal anatomy, inflammatory conditions, tumoral lesions and other etiologies. While a thorough medical history and physical examination can often identify its cause, imaging is usually necessary in order to fully understand the problem. Computed tomography (CT) is the primary imaging modality used to evaluate the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, allowing for the identification of potential causes and structural abnormalities...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this review is to investigate and analyze the anatomical variations present in the maxillary sinus (MS), through the examination of the prevalence of these variations, as well as the corresponding prevalence of clinically significant pathologies and complications associated with them. METHODS: The search process was carried out in the following databases; MEDLINE, SCIELO, WOS, CINHAL, SCOPUS, and GOOGLE SCHOLAR, using as search terms; "Maxillary bone," "Maxillary sinus," "Paranasal sinus," "Anatomical variations," "Sinusitis" and "Clinical anatomy...

Concha Bullosa (CB) is a common sinonasal anatomical variant, which commonly extends into the middle turbinate. Generally, patients presenting with CB are asymptomatic and often incidentally diagnosed with a non-contrast computed tomography scan of the paranasal sinuses. In cases of extensive pneumatization, large CB may cause significant signs and symptoms-commonly, headaches, nasal obstruction, and hyposmia. With only a few reported cases of large CB in the literature; we herein, report a rare case of an unusually massive bilateral CB that resulted in complete obstruction of the left nasal cavity and partial obstruction of the right nasal cavity, in addition to a review of relevant literature...

To determine the prevalence of anatomical variations of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) on CT scan imaging. To correlate the Anatomical variations with the extent of CRS. 100 patients attending the ENT outpatient department with clinically diagnosed CRS were selected for study based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patients were subjected to CT scan and diagnostic nasal endoscopy. The correlation of anatomical variation with severity of CRS based on radiological score and endoscopic score was observed...

Juvenile ossifying fibroma (JOF) is an unusual fibro-osseous lesion primarily occurring in children and young adolescents. Anatomically, this lesion could predominantly arise from the bilateral orbits, paranasal sinuses, maxilla, or mandible. Although it is a benign lesion of osseous origin, it is an aggressive variant of ossifying fibroma of the jaw. Due to the aggressive nature of this lesion and its high tendency for recurrence, early radiological detection and prompt surgical treatment are required. The histologic diagnosis of this entity is purely based on hematoxylin and eosin (H&E), but immunohistochemistry and molecular diagnostic studies can also be performed in challenging cases...

Background and Objectives : The internal carotid artery (ICA) is a vascular structure that can be easily injured during sinus endoscopic procedures, and surgeons should be familiar with its anatomic variants. The aim of this study was to describe the anatomical variations in the internal carotid artery in relationship to sphenoidal sinuses, using computed tomography (CT). Materials and Methods: In this retrospective study, we evaluated the variations of the ICA in relationship to sphenoidal sinuses in a cohort of 600 patients who were assessed between January 2020 and December 2022 in 'Saint Spiridon' Emergency Hospital, Iasi, Romania...

Performing endoscopic sinus surgery requires an intricate understanding of the anatomy of the paranasal sinuses, orbits and skull base. Avoidance of adverse events requires careful review of pre-operative computed tomography (CT) images to recognize potential areas of safety concern. Using a preoperative checklist may aid surgeons in identifying these features. The objective of this study is to determine the educational value of a pre-operative CT sinus review tool and to determine if its use improves identification of important anatomical features...

The sphenoid sinus (SS) is one of the four paired paranasal sinuses (PNSs) within the sphenoid bone body. Isolated pathologies of sphenoid sinus are uncommon. The patient may have various presentations like headache, nasal discharge, post nasal drip, or non-specific symptoms. Although rare, potential complications of sphenoidal sinusitis can range from mucocele to skull base or cavernous sinus involvement, or cranial neuropathy. Primary tumors are rare and adjoining tumors secondarily invading the sphenoid sinus is seen...

Among the 16,000 new cases of malignant tumors of the head and neck diagnosed in France each year, 10% are not conventional squamous cell carcinomas. These so-called rare cancers are distinguished by their presentation and patterns of failure, which is important to recognize in order to offer specific adapted management and maximize the chances of tumor control. These cancers can be rare by their histology, which determines their local invasiveness, and their hematogenous/nodal spread. Their diagnosis can be difficult and often requires comprehensive immunohistochemistry and genomic techniques...

Among the 16,000 new cases of malignant tumors of the head and neck diagnosed in France each year, 10% are not conventional squamous cell carcinomas. These so-called rare cancers are distinguished by their presentation and patterns of failure, which is important to recognize in order to offer specific adapted management and maximize the chances of tumor control. These cancers can be rare by their histology as well as their anatomical location when arising from the paranasal sinuses, salivary glands and ear...

The anatomy of the paranasal sinuses is complex with multiple anatomic variants that can predispose patients to disease. Knowledge of this complex anatomy is important not only for successful treatment but to also avoid complications at the time of surgery. This article will review the anatomy with emphasis on a variety of clinically important anatomic variants.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the preoperative tomographic characteristics of the nose and paranasal sinuses of children with chronic dacryocystitis. METHOD: Prospective, observational, cross-sectional, and descriptive study. CT scans of the paranasal sinuses of patients candidates for endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy were evaluated for two years. Demographic characteristics, radiological findings, inflammatory processes and anatomical variants were identified using the Lund-Mackay classification...

In order to diagnose chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), diagnostic nasal endoscopy (DNE) and computed tomography (CT) scan both are important investigations. But both have their pros and cons, some findings are seen better in DNE and others in CT. Our study aims to correlate DNE and CT findings. 50 patients with CRS were included in this observational prospective study done at tertiary care hospital. Preoperative each patient underwent DNE and got CT scan followed by scoring using Lund Kennedy and Lund Mackay grading respectively...

The sphenoid bone is a complex structure in terms of its embryological origin. At birth, the sphenoid sinus is nonpneumatized. Arrested pneumatization of the sphenoid sinus is considered a normal anatomic variant but may be mistaken for disease in imaging studies. We report 2 cases of arrested pneumatization of the sphenoid sinus, a normal variant commonly misdiagnosed as a serious disease of the skull base. A 29-year-old man with a complaint of dizziness visited a local clinic for assessment. Computed tomography (CT) of the paranasal sinuses (PNS) showed a noneroding, nonexpansile, and nonhomogenous lesion in the sphenoid bone...