Obst

HIV disproportionately affects Black/African Americans (AA), while PrEP is under-utilized by Black/AA, women, and people who inject drugs (PWID). In San Francisco, California's National HIV Behavioral Surveillance among PWID in 2022, Black/AA women were the least likely to be tested for HIV among all groups by sex and race/ethnicity and the least likely to be aware of PrEP among women. Yet, Black/AA women were no less likely to see a healthcare provider in the last year. Data suggest that providers' failure to discuss and address HIV risk with Black/AA female PWID is a major barrier to accessing effective care and prevention...

Introducción: Esta investigación parte de algunos obstáculos en la implementación de la Ley Nacional de Salud Mental, especialmente en el primer nivel de atención y en lo relativo al manejo de urgencias, con o sin riesgo cierto e inminente. La escasez de protocolos de intervención en salud mental y la percepción de que podrían limitar la lectura singular de cada situación crítica son desafíos identificados en la práctica. No obstante, los protocolos pueden ser herramientas organizativas valoradas en circunstancias complejas...

Severe subcutaneous emphysema (SSE) is the presence of a high-volume accumulation of air in the subcutaneous tissue caused by traumatic injuries, infections, iatrogenic causes, or can also manifest spontaneously. A variety of techniques have been reported, with varying levels of success. We present a multicenter case series detailing four patients who developed SSE and were treated with Incisional Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (INPWT). All patients significantly improved with the INPWT treatment within 6 to 48 h...

The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the provision of obstetrical care. This mixed-methods study explores pregnant women's experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic using an explanatory sequential design. The experiences and opinions of obstetrical patients were elicited using an online questionnaire and semi-structured interview as a follow-up. There were 162 completed questionnaires, and 17 interviews. Qualitative analysis themes included worries about the intrapartum experience, impact on partners, and lack of postpartum support for breastfeeding and mental health...

OBJECTIF: La présente directive fournit des recommandations pour la prévention de l'allo-immunisation (iso-immunisation) Rhésus D pendant la grossesse. Elle porte notamment sur les analyses de laboratoire parentales, les prophylaxies prénatale et post-partum de routine et les autres indications cliniques de la prophylaxie. La prévention de l'allo-immunisation érythrocytaire pendant la grossesse avec antigènes atypiques (autres que l'antigène D), pour lesquels aucune immunoprophylaxie n'est actuellement offerte n'est pas abordée dans cette directive...

UNLABELLED: Breast cancer is the most common female cancer in the world. Numerous studies have shown that the risk of metastatic disease increases with tumor volume. In this context, it is useful to assess whether the regular practice of formal breast self-examination (BSE) as opposed to breast awareness has an impact on the number of cancers diagnosed, their stage, the treatments used and mortality. DESIGN: The Commission of Senology (CS) of the Collège National de Gynécologie et Obstétrique Français (CNGOF) respected and followed the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation method to assess the quality of the evidence on which the recommendations were based...

BACKGROUND: Mental health and neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) are critical in healthcare systems, especially in low- and middle-income countries. Several policies are planned or designed by health stakeholders to address the mental health needs of people affected by NTDs. Still, the impact of such policies seems to be of no consequence. METHODS: The GAD-7 and PHQ-9 tools were used to determine the rate of depression and anxiety, respectively, among people affected by skin NTDs (leprosy and lymphatic filariasis [LF]) in Zamfara State, North-west Nigeria...

Non-invasive methods of detecting radiation exposure show promise to improve upon current approaches to biological dosimetry in ease, speed, and accuracy. Here we developed a pipeline that employs Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy in the mid-infrared spectrum to identify a signature of low dose ionizing radiation exposure in mouse ear pinnae over time. Mice exposed to 0.1 to 2 Gy total body irradiation were repeatedly measured by FTIR at the stratum corneum of the ear pinnae. We found significant discriminative power for all doses and time-points out to 90 days after exposure...

OBJECTIVES: Combatting fatigue is an ongoing challenge in surgical residency programs impacting both patient care and resident well-being. There is a gap in understanding the nuances of fatigue perpetuation, especially where it relates to specific on-call duties. This pilot study seeks to explore the extent of sleep deprivation among Obstetrics and Gynecology (OBGYN) residents and identify obstacles to obtaining adequate rest. METHODS: A survey was sent out to all OBGYN residents at the University of Alberta, collecting demographic and baseline sleep information and assessing perceived barriers to sleep...

Recently, the parameter internal work (IW) has been introduced as change in oxygen uptake (VO2 ) between resting and unloading workload in cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET). The proportional IW (PIW) was defined as IW divided by VO2 at peak exercise. A second option is to calculate the PIW based on the workload [PIW (Watt)] by considering the aerobic efficiency. The aim of our study was to investigate whether IW and PIW differ between patients with and without pulmonary hypertension and healthy controls...

Due to the abundance of microplastics in the environment, research about its possible adverse effects is increasing exponentially. Most studies investigating the effect of microplastics on cells still rely on commercially available polystyrene microspheres. However, the choice of these model microplastic particles can affect the outcome of the studies, as even nominally identical model microplastics may interact differently with cells due to different surface properties such as the surface charge. Here, we show that nominally identical polystyrene microspheres from eight different manufacturers significantly differ in their ζ-potential, which is the electrical potential of a particle in a medium at its slipping plane...

Uterine leiomyomas are the most common benign tumors of the female genital track, causing various symptoms and problems, including a possible impact on fertility. The relationship between fibroids and infertility has long been a debate among gynecologists. Management of fibroids in women with otherwise unexplained infertility worldwide lacks standardized, evidence-based guidelines. Therefore, a review of guidelines from the Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, the Society of Obstetricians and Gynecologists of Canada, the Collège National des Gynécologues et Obstétriciens Français, and the American Society of Reproductive Medicine was conducted...

OBJECTIVES: Breast cancer is the most frequent and deadly cancer among women. In France, 50% of adults are currently overweight, mostly as a result of a sedentary lifestyle. Numerous studies have highlighted overweight, obesity and lack of physical activity as risk factors for the occurrence and prognosis of cancers, particularly breast cancer. The aim of this study was to understand the extent to which physical activity can improve this prognosis, and what the pathophysiology is. METHODS: The Senology Commission of the Collège National des Gynécologues et Obstétriciens Français (CNGOF) based its responses on an analysis of the international literature using a Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology conducted on the PubMed database between 1994 and 2023...

The general concept of radiation therapy used in conventional cancer treatment is to increase the therapeutic index by creating a physical dose differential between tumors and normal tissues through precision dose targeting, image guidance, and radiation beams that deliver a radiation dose with high conformality, e.g., protons and ions. However, the treatment and cure are still limited by normal tissue radiation toxicity, with the corresponding side effects. A fundamentally different paradigm for increasing the therapeutic index of radiation therapy has emerged recently, supported by preclinical research, and based on the FLASH radiation effect...

Both pre-race meet and daily turf surface condition measurements are required by regulations adopted as part of the Horseracing Integrity and Safety Act (HISA). The Orono Biomechanical Surface Tester (OBST) is the primary device used for characterizing a racing surface and is used for the pre-meet inspections. Tools that are better suited for the daily testing of turf surfaces are also needed to meet the new federal regulations. The purpose of this study was to compare five simple tools commonly used in turf applications to the OBST...

Herein, we report the direct carboxylation of unactivated secondary alkyl bromides enabled by the merger of photoredox and nickel catalysis, a previously inaccessible endeavor in the carboxylation arena. Site-selectivity is dictated by a kinetically controlled insertion of CO2 at the initial C(sp3 )-Br site by the rapid formation of Ni(I)-alkyl species, thus avoiding undesired β-hydride elimination and chain-walking processes. Preliminary mechanistic experiments reveal the subtleties of stereoelectronic effects for guiding the reactivity and site-selectivity...

OBJECTIVES: Breast oncology genetics emerged almost 30 years ago with the discovery of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes. The evolution of analytical practices has progressively allowed access to tests whose results now have a considerable impact on the management of both female and male breast cancers.The Sénologie Commission of the Collège National des Gynécologues et Obstétriciens Français (CNGOF) asked five specialists in breast surgery, oncology and oncological genetics to draw up a summary of the oncogenetic testing criteria used and the clinical implications for the female and male population of the test results, with or without an identified causal variant...

OBJECTIVES: The indications and modalities of breast and axillary surgery are undergoing profound change, with the aim of personalizing surgical management while avoiding over-treatment. To update best practices for axillary surgery, four questions were selected by the Senology Commission of the Collège National des Gynécologues et Obstétriciens Français (CNGOF), focusing on 1) the definition and evaluation of targeted axillary dissection (TAD) techniques, 2) the possibility of surgical de-escalation in case of initial lymph node involvement while performing initial surgery, 3) in case of surgery following neo-adjuvant systemic therapy (NAST), 4) contraindications to de-escalation of axillary surgery to allow access to particular adjuvant systemic therapies...

OBJECTIVES: Upper limb lymphedema secondary to breast cancer treatment is the leading cause of lymphedema in France. Despite improved surgical practices and de-escalation of radiotherapy, the risk of lymphedema after breast cancer still affects 5-20% of patients, with this variation depending on the measurement method used and the population studied. Lymphedema has a negative impact on quality of life and body image, and their possible occurrence remains a major concern for all women treated for breast cancer...

OBJECTIVES: Breast surgery is the cornerstone of breast cancer treatment. Its indications and procedures are constantly evolving. To update best practices, four questions were submitted to the Senology Commission (SC) of the Collège National des Gynécologues et Obstétriciens Français (CNGOF), covering the indications and modalities of tumor surgery 1) initially, 2) following neoadjuvant systemic treatment, 3) in case of local recurrence, and 4) the quality and safety of care indicators applicable to this surgery...