Branch

BACKGROUND: As a newly class of endogenous phytohormones, strigolactones (SLs) regulate crop growth and yield formation by interacting with other hormones. However, the physiological mechanism of SLs affect the yield by regulating the balance of endogenous hormones of Tartary buckwheat is still unclear. RESULTS: In this study, a 2-year field experiment was conducted on Tartary buckwheat (Jinqiao 2) to study the effects of different concentrations (0, 10, and 20 µmol/L) of artificial synthetic analogs of SLs (rac-GR24) and inhibitor of SL synthesis (Tis-108) on the growth, endogenous-hormone content, and yield of Tartary buckwheat...

Infrared thermal imaging is a passive non-contact detection and identification technology, which is not subject to electromagnetic infection and good concealment, is widely used in military and commercial fields. However, due to the limitations of the existing infrared imaging system mechanisms, the spatial resolution of the acquired infrared images is low and the edge details are blurred, which in turn leads to poor performance in downstream missions based on infrared images. In this paper, in order to better solve the above problems, we propose a new super-resolution reconstruction framework for infrared images, called DBFE, which extracts and retains abundant structure and textual information for robust infrared image high-resolution reconstruction with a novel structure-textual encoder module...

Oxygen in marine sediments regulates many key biogeochemical processes, playing a crucial role in shaping Earth's climate and benthic ecosystems. In this context, branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (brGDGTs), essential biomarkers in paleoenvironmental research, exhibit an as-yet-unresolved association with sediment oxygen conditions. Here, we investigated brGDGTs in sediments from three deep-sea regions (4045 to 10,100 m water depth) dominated by three respective trench systems and integrated the results with in situ oxygen microprofile data...

OBJECTIVE: Cost-effectiveness of surveillance for branch-duct intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (BD-IPMNs) is debated. We combined different categories of risks of IPMN progression and of IPMN-unrelated mortality to improve surveillance strategies. DESIGN: Retrospective analysis of 926 presumed BD-IPMNs lacking worrisome features (WFs)/high-risk stigmata (HRS) under surveillance. Charlson Comorbidity Index (CACI) defined the severity of comorbidities. IPMN relevant changes included development of WF/HRS, pancreatectomy or death for IPMN or pancreatic cancer...

INTRODUCTION: This study review aimed to consolidate current knowledge on the electrocardiographic abnormalities observed in patients with Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD), formerly known as Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD). METHODS: This was a systematic review of studies on the association between MASLD and electrocardiographic abnormalities, published between January 1, 1946, and October 31, 2023. Data from eligible studies were extracted, analyzed, synthesized, and summarized...

BACKGROUND: Participants who received ketamine at the NIMH were among the first to receive ketamine for depression in controlled clinical trials, providing a unique opportunity to assess long-term outcomes. This analysis evaluated the relationship between participating in a ketamine clinical trial and subsequent ketamine/esketamine use after leaving the research setting. METHODS: Participants seen within the NIMH Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch from 2002 to 2022 (n = 1000) were contacted for follow-up assessment...

White matter injury (WMI) causes oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation arrest and functional deficits, with no effective therapies to date. Here, we report increased expression of growth hormone (GH) in the hypoxic neonatal mouse brain, a model of WMI. GH treatment during or post hypoxic exposure rescues hypoxia-induced hypomyelination and promotes functional recovery in adolescent mice. Single-cell sequencing reveals that Ghr mRNA expression is highly enriched in vascular cells. Cell-lineage labeling and tracing identify the GHR-expressing vascular cells as a subpopulation of pericytes...

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is best known for thermogenesis. Rodent studies demonstrated that enhanced BAT thermogenesis is tightly associated with increased energy expenditure, reduced body weight, and improved glucose homeostasis. However, human BAT is protective against type 2 diabetes, independent of body weight. The mechanism underlying this dissociation remains unclear. Here, we report that impaired mitochondrial catabolism of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) in BAT, by deleting mitochondrial BCAA carriers (MBCs), caused systemic insulin resistance without affecting energy expenditure and body weight...

Face Anti-Spoofing (FAS) seeks to protect face recognition systems from spoofing attacks, which is applied extensively in scenarios such as access control, electronic payment, and security surveillance systems. Face anti-spoofing requires the integration of local details and global semantic information. Existing CNN-based methods rely on small stride or image patch-based feature extraction structures, which struggle to capture spatial and cross-layer feature correlations effectively. Meanwhile, Transformer-based methods have limitations in extracting discriminative detailed features...

Aeromonas veronii, a significant pathogen in aquatic environments, poses a substantial threat to both human and animal health, particularly in aquaculture. In this study, we isolated A. veronii strain GD2019 from diseased largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) during a severe outbreak of aeromonad septicemia in Guangdong Province, China. The complete genome sequence of A. veronii GD2019 revealed that GD2019 contains a single chromosome of 4703,168 bp with an average G+C content of 58.3%. Phylogenetic analyses indicated that GD2019 forms a separate sub-branch in A...

l-threonine dehydrogenase (Tdh) is an enzyme that links threonine metabolism to epigenetic modifications and mitochondria biogenesis. In vitro studies show that it is critical for the regulation of trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4me3) levels and cell fate determination of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs). However, whether Tdh regulates a developmental process in vivo and, if it does, whether it also primarily regulates H3K4me3 levels in this process as it does in mESCs, remains elusive. Here, we revealed that, in zebrafish hematopoiesis, tdh is preferentially expressed in neutrophils...

PURPOSE: The hamstrings muscles are innervated by sciatic nerve branches. However, previous studies assessing which and how many branches innervate each muscle have yielded discrepant results. This study investigated the innervation patterns of hamstrings. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty-five cadaver limbs were investigated. The average age of subjects was 78.6 ± 17.2 years, with 48.6% male and 51.4% female, while 57.1% were right limbs and 42.9% left...

The Python-based program, XMECP, is developed for realizing robust, efficient, and state-of-the-art minimum energy crossing point (MECP) optimization in multiscale complex systems. This article introduces the basic capabilities of the XMECP program by theoretically investigating the MECP mechanism of several example systems including (1) the photosensitization mechanism of benzophenone, (2) photoinduced proton-coupled electron transfer in the cytosine-guanine base pair in DNA, (3) the spin-flip process in oxygen activation catalyzed by an iron-containing 2-oxoglutarate-dependent oxygenase (Fe/2OGX), and (4) the photochemical pathway of flavoprotein adjusted by the intensity of an external electric field...

ABSTRACT: We describe a new technique of transferring the motor branch ulnar nerve (UN) to the axillary nerve (AN) by posterior approach. Three patients with C5, C6, and C7 brachial plexus injury were operated. By supraclavicular approach, the spinal accessory was transferred to the suprascapular nerve. By posterior approach in the arm, the AN was identified within the quadrilateral space, and the UN was identified medially with intrafascicular dissection of a motor fascicle, which is lifted to 4 cm in length and transferred to AN...

The brachiopods are sessile invertebrates with an unusual blood system, which consists of a long-branched dorsal vessel. It is still unknown how blood circulates in this system. In the present study, for the first time we propose the circulation of blood in brachiopod Hemithiris psittacea based on morphological and experimental data. The main heart is located on the dorsal side of the stomach and divides the dorsal vessel into anterior and posterior parts. The anterior part enters the lophophore, where it gives off blind branches to each tentacle...

Carbon-chain dendritic polymers hold unique properties and promising applications. However, synthesizing carbon-chain dendrimers, beyond conjugated ones, remains a challenge. Here, we described the use of the iterative single unit monomer insertions (SUMIs) technique for synthesizing 2.5 generation partial carbon-chain dendrimers (G2.5), utilizing bismaleimide as the core, a maleimide-trithiocarbonate conjugate as the branching unit, and indene as the spacer unit, following a divergent growth strategy. The optimized conditions for synthesizing the maleimide-trithiocarbonate branching unit were a bismaleimide to trithiocarbonate ratio of 5:1 and a reaction time of 30 minutes...

INTRODUCTION: The population of the Republic of Korea often experiences heat-related illnesses during summer that are exacerbated by significant variations. With rising temperatures attributed to global warming and other environmental changes within the military, combined with the military medical services' mission to uphold combat capabilities and promote health, it has become crucial to accurately understand the status of heat-related illnesses and integrate more comprehensive and systematic preventive measures...

INTRODUCTION: Decompressive craniectomy and craniotomy are among the most common procedures in Neurosurgery. In recent years, increased attention has focused on the relationships between incision type, extent of decompression, vascular supply to the scalp, cosmetic outcomes, and complications. Here, we review the current literature on scalp incisions for large unilateral front-temporo-parietal craniotomies and craniectomies. METHODS: Publications in the past 50 years on scalp incisions used for front-temporo-parietal craniectomies/craniotomies were reviewed...

H2 S is being detected in the atmospheres of ever more interstellar bodies, and photolysis is an important mechanism by which it is processed. Here, we report H Rydberg atom time-of-flight measurements following the excitation of H2 S molecules to selected rotational ( J KaKc ') levels of the 1 B1 Rydberg state associated with the strong absorption feature at wavelengths of λ ∼ 129.1 nm. Analysis of the total kinetic energy release spectra derived from these data reveals that all levels predissociate to yield H atoms in conjunction with both SH(A) and SH(X) partners and that the primary SH(A)/SH(X) product branching ratio increases steeply with ⟨ J b 2 ⟩, the square of the rotational angular momentum about the b -inertial axis in the excited state...

Studies have shown that poly(adenine) DNA and RNA strands protonate at a low pH to form self-associating duplexes; however, the nanoscopic morphology of these structures is unclear. Here, we use Transition Electron Microscopy (TEM), Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and fluorescence spectroscopy to show that both ribose identity (DNA or RNA) and assembly conditions (thermal or room-temperature annealing) dictate unique hierarchical structures for poly(adenine) sequences at a low pH...