Chromatography

This exploratory study aims to identify the volatile compounds in PC-Eo ( Petroselinum crispum L. essential oil) and evaluate its antioxidant and antimicrobial properties in vitro . Molecular docking, drug-likeness prediction, and pharmacokinetics (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity-ADMET) were among the in silico simulations that were used to explain the biological properties observed in vitro . For PC-Eo's chemical screening, gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) was employed...

Herbal Gentiana straminea Maxim. (Family Gentianaceae), "Ma Hua Jiao" in Chinese, is a commonly used Chinese medicine. Secoiridoids and flavonoids have been identified as the major active components of herbal medicines used in the treatment of hepatitis, rheumatism and many other diseases. It is the overharvesting of the roots of this plant for medicinal purposes that has led to a drastic decline in its population. In the present study, the above and below ground parts of Gentian Bitter Glycine were quantitatively compared and evaluated for the determination of the major active constituents...

Malassezia globosa , a lipophilic pathogen, is known to be involved in various chronic skin diseases. Unfortunately, the available treatments have unwanted side effects and microbial drug resistance is evolving. As the antimicrobial activity of propolis is outstanding, this study aimed to examine the potential of propolis from the stingless bee Geniotrigona thoracica against the yeast. Anti- M. globosa growth activity was ascertained in agar well diffusion and broth microdilution assays and the inhibitory concentration value at 50 % (IC50 ) was determined...

Sulfate is the fourth most abundant anion in circulation. Despite being an essential nutrient for healthy growth and development, sulfate is not routinely measured in clinical settings. In research settings, animal studies have shown that hyposulfatemia and hypersulfaturia are associated with adverse developmental outcomes. Those findings have increased interest in measuring plasma and urine sulfate levels. In this study, we describe a modified assay to measure sulfate in low volumes of plasma and urine. •A streamlined microassay to measure sulfate levels using a microtiter plate format was developed...

INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVE: Suppression of the SOS response in combination with drugs damaging DNA has been proposed as a potential target to tackle antimicrobial resistance. The SOS response is the pathway used to repair bacterial DNA damage induced by antimicrobials such as quinolones. The extent of lexA -regulated protein expression and other associated systems under pressure of agents that damage bacterial DNA in clinical isolates remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of this strategy consisting on suppression of the SOS response in combination with quinolones on the proteome profile of Escherichia coli clinical strains...

Amyloid precursor protein (APP) plays a pivotal role in the pathology of Alzheimers disease. Since the fragmentation of the membrane-bound APP that results in the production of amyloid-beta peptides is the starting point for amyloid toxicity in AD, it is important to investigate the structure and dynamics of APP in a near-native lipid-bilayer environment. However, the reconstitution of APP into a stable/suitable membrane-mimicking lipid environment is a challenging task. In this study, the 99-residue C-terminal domain of APP is successfully reconstituted into polymer nanodiscs and characterized using size-exclusion chromatography, mass spectrometry, solution NMR, and magic-angle spinning solid-state NMR...

Objective : Intrauterine factors can impact fetal and child growth and may underlie the developmental origins of childhood obesity. Sex steroid hormone exposure during pregnancy is a plausible target because of the impact on placental vascularization, nutrient transportation, bone growth, adipogenesis, and epigenetic modifications. In this study we assessed maternal sex steroid hormones in each trimester in relation to birthweight, neonatal adiposity, and infant growth trajectories, and evaluate sensitive windows of development...

UNLABELLED: Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer worldwide and is accompanied by fatigue during both active disease and remission in the majority of cases. Our lab has measured fatigue in isolated muscles from treatment-naive BC patient-derived orthotopic xenograft (BC-PDOX) mice. Here, we conducted a preclinical trial of pioglitazone in BC-PDOX mice to determine its efficacy in ameliorating BC-induced muscle fatigue, as well as its effects on transcriptomic, metabolomic, and lipidomic profiles in skeletal muscle...

BACKGROUND: Prior studies have noted great variability in the plasma levels of risperidone (RIS). Plasma concentrations of RIS and its active moiety are highly variable and depend on absorption, metabolism, and other predictors of metabolic dysregulation; however, these factors are poorly understood and the association between metabolic change and change in psychopathology is uncertain. AIM: To ascertain the characteristics of chronic schizophrenic patients treated with RIS, and to assess their relationship with plasma RIS levels...

Introduction: Vernonia anthelmintica (L.) Willd. is a traditional treatment for vitiligo in Xinjiang. However, its therapeutic mechanism remains unclear owing to its complex composition and limited research on its chemical profile. Methods: We employed a targeted metabolome approach, combining selective reaction monitoring/multiple response monitoring (SRM/MRM) with high-performance liquid chromatography and MRM mass spectrometry to quantitatively analyze the flavonoid constituents of Vernonia anthelmintica ...

The aim of this study was to investigate the penetration of cefepime into rat peritoneal fluid by microdialysis and to determine the relationship between unbound drug plasma and tissue concentration in healthy animals and in a sepsis model established through cecal ligation and puncture-induced peritonitis. Probe recovery was performed by dialysis and retrodialysis. Cefepime was administered at a dose of 110 mg/kg intravenously. Samples were collected for about 4 h, and concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-QTOF MS...

INTRODUCTION: The sesquiterpene glycosides (SGs) from Dendrobium nobile Lindl. have immunomodulatory effects. However, there are no studies on the growth conditions affecting its contents and quantitative analysis methods. OBJECTIVE: In the present study, a quantitative analysis method for six SGs from D. nobile was established. We explored which growth conditions could affect the contents of SGs, providing a basis for the cultivation and clinical application of D...

INTRODUCTION: Trillium govanianum Wall. ex D.Don is a folk medicinal herb rich in structurally diverse steroidal saponins. The annual demand for this herb in India is about 200-500 metric tons, highlighting the need for a thorough quality assessment. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to develop an easy and reliable ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-evaporative light scattering detector (UHPLC-ELSD)-based quality assessment method with 14 specialised metabolites of T...

Exposure to arsenic can cause various biological effects by increasing the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Selenium acts as a beneficial element by regulating ROS and limiting heavy metal uptake and translocation. There are studies on the interactive effects of As and Se in plants, but the antagonistic and synergistic effects of these elements based on their binding to glutathione (GSH) molecules have not been studied yet. In this study, we aimed to investigate the antagonistic or synergistic effects of As and Se on the binding mechanism of Se and As with GSH at pH 3...

The quantitative analysis of SJA6017, a peptide aldehyde inhibitor of calpain (Calpain Inhibitor VI), has encountered challenges in preclinical drug studies. The complex reverse-phase HPLC chromatographic behavior exhibits two peaks, each containing multiple species. An liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) study proposed an explanation for this phenomenon, caused by the amide aldehyde structure of SJA6017. Four chemical species corresponding to the two HPLC peaks have been identified as SJA6017 and its methyl hemiacetal, methyl enol ether, and gem-diol...

Simple, quick, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly analytical methods for quality assurance and control roles for different medicines, including Tetrcyclines, are most significantly needed. Also, different thin layer chromatography (TLC)-based methods for tetracycline identification exist, but high performance thin layer chromatography methods based on modern state- of- the art equipment are still nonexistent. Thus, in this study, analytical method development and verification were done by high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) (using an automated equipment model) using glass plates coated with silica gel 60 F254 after treating with 10% Na2 EDTA...

Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) represent a broad class of drugs new to the illicit market that often allow passing drug-screening tests. They are characterized by a variety of structures, rapid transience on the drug scene and mostly unknown metabolic profiles, thus creating an ever-changing scenario with evolving analytical targets. The present study aims at developing an indirect screening strategy for NPS monitoring, and specifically for new synthetic opioids (NSOs), based on assessing changes in endogenous urinary metabolite levels as a consequence of the systemic response following their intake...

This study aimed to optimize pyrolysis conditions to maximize bio-oil yield from cattle dung, a waste product of livestock practices. Pyrolysis of cattle dung was carried out in batch type reactor. The pyrolysis process was optimized using a central composite design in response surface methodology, with conversion parameters such as pyrolysis temperature, vapor cooling temperature, residence time, and gas flow rate taken into account. The cattle dung bio-oil was analyzed using gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS), an elemental analyzer, a pH probe, and a bomb calorimeter...

BACKGROUND: Dietary imbalance, such as a lower proportion of complex carbohydrates and a higher protein diet, may contribute to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) risks through their metabolisms. However, there is a lack of knowledge regarding the association between butyrate, iso-butyrate, and GDM, which are metabolisms of the two primary nutrients above. This study aimed to clarify the association of butyrate and iso-butyrate with GDM. METHODS: A nested case-control study was conducted based on the Beijing Birth Cohort Study (BBCS) from 2017 to 2018...

Alginate is a commercially important polysaccharide composed of mannuronic acid and its C5 differential isomer guluronic acid. Comprehensive research on alginate and alginate lyases requires efficient and precise analytical methods for alginate oligosaccharides. In this research, high-performance anion exchange chromatography (HPAEC) in parallel with pulsed amperometric detection (PAD) and mass spectrometry (MS) was applied to the analysis of oligosaccharides obtained by alginate lyase. By optimizing the chromatographic conditions including mobile phase concentration, flow rate, and elution gradient, the analysis of a single sample could be completed in 30 min...