triamcinolone long term effects

Patients with macular edema (ME) associated with uveitis (UME) are at risk for vision loss and decreased quality of life, and they often experience high health care costs and rates of workforce absenteeism. Systemically or locally delivered corticosteroids are the mainstay of treatment for UME. Although traditional corticosteroid treatments may demonstrate high levels of efficacy, systemic delivery carries the risk of potentially serious systemic adverse effects (AEs), and standard local modes of delivery may be associated with low bioavailability in posterior ocular tissues and steroid-associated AEs due to anterior ocular tissue exposure...

INTRODUCTION: Knee pain is one of the causes of physiological complications in patients with osteoarthritis of the knee. It is necessary to provide a solution to reduce pain in these patients. Our study aimed to compare the effect of intra-articular hyalase, ketorolac, marcaine, and triamcinolone versus ketorolac, marcaine, and triamcinolone for reducing knee joint pain after knee surgery. METHODS: This clinical study was performed on 30 candidates for knee surgery other than knee replacement from 2019 to 2020...

Standard ocular drug delivery methods generally are safe and effective for treating diseases of the eye. However, many routes of administration carry the risk of adverse effects due to drug exposure to anterior ocular tissues. Additionally, these delivery methods may not result in high and consistent levels of a therapeutic agent delivered to target tissues for diseases affecting the posterior segment of the eye. Injection into the suprachoroidal space (SCS) represents an alternative method of ocular drug delivery to the posterior segment...

Objectives: The treatment of auricular keloids is challenging, as they tend to recur; further, the treatment may impact quality of life and implies cosmetic and functional impairment for each patient. There is no standardized therapeutic concept established, and the literature is lacking long-term results of available treatment modalities. Methods: Patients suffering from auricular keloids were included in the study. All patients had undergone surgical resection, intralesional injection of triamcinolone acetonide (TAC), and the application of an individual pressure splint...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review most recent studies and clinical trials regarding pathogenesis, treatment, and prevention of inflammation after the cataract surgery. RECENT FINDINGS: FLACS gave opportunity to evaluate inflammatory cytokines in the aqueous humour right after the laser procedure, which led to acknowledging the inflammation pathogenesis during the phacoemulsification. Although there is still a lack of evidence, which would prove the long-term benefit of NSAIDs, they are indicated and effective when risk factors for PCME are present...

INTRODUCTION: Injection therapy in refractory cases of lateral epicondylitis might relieve symptoms, although no consensus exists on which material to use. Corticosteroids are widely used but recent literature indicated possible tenotoxic effects and inefficacy in mid- and long-term follow-up (FU). Hyaluronate/hyaluronic acid (HA) might be of better clinical efficacy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) might reflect the clinical changes in the short-term FU. METHODS: A single-blind, prospective, randomized controlled study was designed...

BACKGROUND: Hypertrophic and keloid scars are common skin conditions resulting from abnormal wound healing. They can cause itching, pain and have a negative physical and psychological impact on patients' lives. Different approaches are used aiming to improve these scars, including intralesional corticosteroids, surgery and more recently, laser therapy. Since laser therapy is expensive and may have adverse effects, it is critical to evaluate the potential benefits and harms of this therapy for treating hypertrophic and keloid scars...

Objective: Rheumatoid nodules (RN), a classic cutaneous extra-articular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis, can often cause discomfort or cosmetic embarrassment. This research determined the effectiveness and complications of corticosteroid injection of the RN. Methods: Using a repeated measure design, 66 consecutive symptomatic RN were measured, underwent corticosteroid injection with 1 to 2mL of a 50:50 mixture of 1% lidocaine and triamcinolone acetonide (20-40mg), and then reassessed at four months for softening, reduction in size, and complications, including infection...

Cervical-thoracic-mediastinal LVMs in infants is rare, and very difficult to be cured because of life-threatening risk and recurrence. An infant with cervical-thoracic-mediastinal LVMs was treated in our department. Left neck was thick at birth, usually depressed, lazy and inactive. He showed dyspnea after about 3 min of automatic activity, with increased wheezing and open-mouth breathing, squatting after walking no more than 6 steps. There were masses and bulges in the left submandibular area and the left neck...

Long-term effects of epidural steroid injections for pain management require novel drug formulations that increase tissue retention time. Present study aimed to investigate the local retention of steroid-loaded poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres in epidural injection using a rabbit model. Twenty rabbits were randomly assigned to a PLGA group (n = 10) and a triamcinolone acetonide (TA) group (n = 10). Each animal was injected with either TA-loaded PLGA microspheres or conventional TA suspension into the lumbar epidural space...

Background and objectives: To compare the efficacy and safety of topical interventions used for recurrent aphthous stomatitis. Materials and Methods: This network meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA statement. We searched four electronic databases, PubMed, Web of Science (WOS), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Embase, for randomized controlled trials reporting efficacy and safety data on topical interventions for recurrent aphthous stomatitis. We performed a quality evaluation using a methodology based on the Cochrane Handbook...

OBJECTIVES: This work compares the effectiveness of blind versus ultrasound (US)-guided injections for Morton neuroma (MN) up to 3 years of follow-up. METHODS: This is an evaluator-blinded randomised trial in which 33 patients with MN were injected by an experienced orthopaedic surgeon based on anatomical landmarks (blind injection, group 1) and 38 patients were injected by an experienced musculoskeletal radiologist under US guidance (group 2). Patients were assessed using the visual analogue scale and the Manchester Foot Pain and Disability index (MFPDI)...

Sacroiliac joint injection aims to provide pain relief, improve work status, and early return to work. We aimed to investigate the role of corticosteroid and anesthetic mixture to provide short- and long-term pain relief in patients with sacroiliac joint pain. This prospective observational study included 27 patients with sacroiliac joint dysfunction who received a combination of triamcinolone and ropivacaine for sacroiliac joint injection followed by three scheduled visits at four weeks, eight weeks, and six months...

PURPOSE: Peribulbar injection of triamcinolone is an alternative treatment for thyroid eye disease; however the safety profile of this therapeutic option remains controversial. The aim of this study was to describe the occurrence of local and systemic adverse effects after peribulbar injection of triamcinolone in patients with thyroid eye disease. METHODS: This was a retrospective case series. Medical records of patients with thyroid eye disease treated with peribulbar injections of triamcinolone at a single academic institution between 2007 and 2019 were analyzed...

Bladder neck contracture (BNC), one of the most challenging complications after transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) and photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP), lacks effective treatment. In the present study, our experience in treating BNC using GreenLight laser vaporization with triamcinolone acetonide (TA) injections was shared. This is a retrospective cohort study that included 46 patients with BNC after TURP and PVP in our center. GreenLight laser surgeries (180 W) were carried out and TA was administrated simultaneously...

BACKGROUND: Stem cells play an important role in the success of regenerative endodontic procedures. They are affected by the presence of medicaments that are used before the induction of bleeding or the creation of a scaffold for endodontic regeneration. This study examines the effects of different intracanal medicaments on the viability and survival of dental pulp stem cells at different doses and over different exposure times. METHODS: Dental pulp stem cells were cultured from healthy third molar teeth using the long-term explant culture method and characterized using flow cytometry and exposed to different concentrations of calcium hydroxide, doxycycline, potassium iodide, triamcinolone, and glutaraldehyde, each ranging from 0 (control) to 1000 µg/mL...

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) of the peripheral joints is frequently related with physical disability and decline in health-related quality of life, deciphering into a significant burden on people and humankind. Although IA corticosteroid injections are being in clinical use, their long-term effects on knee OA are least studied and documented. Hence, the study was done with the aim of assessing the effect of intra-articular (IA) injection of corticosteroid in patients with OA of the knee...

BACKGROUND: Diabetic macular edema (DME) is a type of retinopathy caused by diabetes, and the 2 main clinical treatment modalities are drug therapy intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection (IVTA) and laser photocoagulation. This meta-analysis investigated the efficacy of combining both the 2 treatment modalities. METHODS: The Embase, Cochrane library, PubMed, and Ovid databases were searched for English literatures. The literatures were screened and assessed for the risk of bias, after that the Revman 5...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Corticosteroids such as triamcinolone acetonide (TAA) are potent drugs administered intra-articularly as an anti-inflammatory therapy to relieve pain associated with osteoarthritis (OA). However, the ability of early TAA intervention to mitigate OA progression and modulate immune cell subsets remains unclear. Here, we sought to understand the effect of early intra-articular injection of TAA on OA progression, local macrophages, and peripheral blood monocytes. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH: Degenerative joint disease was induced by intra-articular injection of collagenase into the knee joint of male C57BL/6 mice...

AIM: To evaluate the long-term outcomes of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (TA) administration after posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) during pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). METHODS: A total of 189 eyes (152 patients) who underwent PPV for severe PDR were reviewed. Intravitreal injection of TA (IVTA) was administered during PPV in 118 eyes (PPV+IVTA group), and 71 eyes did not receive IVTA (PPV group)...