dexmeditomidine

INTRODUCTION: Weaning of mechanical ventilation while maintaining appropriate pain control and preventing delirium is one of the most challenging aspects of burn care. Dexmedetomidine, an α2 -adrenergic receptor agonist used for sedation may improve intensive care unit (ICU) patients' arousal status and enhance patient comfort. OBJECTIVES: To determine the efficacy of dexmedetomidine vs. standardized usual care (midazolam or propofol) in maintaining sedation and reducing delirium in burn patients while weaning off mechanical ventilation...

Children are particularly terrified of having dental treatment. They are physically resistant, frail, and unwilling to cooperate. This severe distress during the pre-operative phase could cause the dentist to have issues with behavior control. Additionally, it may make pediatric dental treatments less effective. In order to reduce anxiety and control behavior in children receiving dental care, sedation is a pharmacological management technique that supports the provision of effective and high-quality dental services...

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study is to compare intubating conditions and hemodynamic changes during awake fiber-optic intubation (AFOI) using midazolam and fentanyl versus dexmedetomidine in cases of difficult airway. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A randomized prospective study was conducted in the department of oral and maxillofacial surgery, with a total of 60 patients, 18-55 years of age, ASA class I-II, of either sex with anticipated difficult airway planned for elective surgery...

OBJECTIVE: Electrocorticography (ECoG) is commonly used to map epileptic foci and to implement brain-computer interfaces. Understanding the spatiotemporal correspondence between potentials recorded from the brain's surface and the firing patterns of neurons within the cortex would inform the interpretation of ECoG signals and the design of (microfabricated) micro-ECoG electrode arrays. Based on the theory that synaptic potentials generated by neurons firing in synchrony superimpose to generate local field potentials (LFPs), we hypothesized that neurons in the cortex would fire at preferential phases of the micro-ECoG signal in a spatially dependent way...

In routine practice, regional anaesthesia is less commonly used for clavicular fracture compared to general anaesthesia. We report two cases of clavicle fracture for which operative treatment was done under combined superficial cervical plexus and interscalene brachial plexus block. In both the cases combination of ropivacaine and dexmeditomidine was used for block. Both the patients exhibited comfort and there was no additional analgesic demand in both the cases. Thus combination of interscalene and superficial cervical plexus block can prove to be useful in patients with clavicle fracture where administration of general anaesthesia and its adverse effects could be avoided...

INTRODUCTION: The neuroanaesthesia ensures stable perioperative cerebral haemodynamics, avoids sudden rise in intracranial pressure and prevents acute brain swelling. The clinical characteristics of dexmeditomidine make this intravenous agent a potentially attractive adjunct for neuroanaesthesia and in the neurological intensive care unit. AIM: This study aimed to assess the effect of dexmedetomidine on intraoperative haemodynamic stability and to assess the intraoperative requirements of analgesic and other anaesthetic agents, and also to assess postoperative sedation, respiratory depression and any other side effects of dexmedetomidine as compared to placebo...

INTRODUCTION: Levobupivacaine is the s-isomer of racemic Bupivacaine. It is less cardio, neurotoxic and equally potent local anaesthetic compared to its racemate. It is known to cause less Depression of myocardial contractility. Dexmeditomidine when used via epidural route has synergistic effect with local anaesthetics. Majority of patients presenting for vascular surgery are elderly and have associated co-morbidities like diabetes, hypertension, and coronary artery disease. We intend to study safety and efficacy of epidural Levoupivacaine and Dexmedetomidine in this group of patients...

INTRODUCTION: Incidence of junctional ectopic tachycardia (JET) after repair of tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is 5.6-14%. Dexmeditomidine is a a-2 adrenoceptor agonist modulates the release of catecholamine, resulting in bradycardia and hypotension. These effects are being explored as a therapeutic option for the prevention of perioperative tachyarrhythmia. We undertook this study to examine possible preventive effects of dexmedetomidine on postoperative JET and its impact on the duration of ventilation time and length of Intensive Care Unit stay...

BACKGROUND: Surgical correction ofscoliosis carries significant blood loss and needs for blood transfusion with its inherent risks and cost. The aim of this double-blind, randomized, controlled study was to compare the effects of esmolol or dexmedetomidine on intraoperative blood loss, anesthetics consumption, intra operative hemodynamic and effects on spinal cord monitoring in patients undergoing scoliosis surgery. METHODS: After obtaining institute review board approval and written informed consent, 60 adolescents (ASA physical status I-II), 14-18-year of age scheduled for posterior spinal fusion scoliosis surgery were enrolled in the study...

BACKGROUND: As the practice of aggressive temperature control has become more commonplace, new clinical problems are arising, of which shivering is the most common. Treatment for shivering while avoiding the negative consequences of many anti-shivering therapies is often difficult. We have developed a stepwise protocol that emphasizes use of the least sedating regimen to achieve adequate shiver control. METHODS: All patients treated with temperature modulating devices in the neurological intensive care unit were prospectively entered into a database...

BACKGROUND: Dexmedetomidine is a potent new alpha-2 adrenoceptor agonist with an alpha-2 to alpha- ratio more than 7 times that of clonidine. Its potent sedative, analgesic and sympatholytic effects blunt the cardiovascular responses (hypertension, tachycardia) without unexpected toxicity. Many reports confirmed its pharmacological properties if given by infusion. Recent report confirmed favorable non-depressant effect on respiration and blood gases. SETTING: ICU patients at King Khalid University Hospital...