oscillatory

BACKGROUND: The different clinical presentations of fibromyalgia (FMS) may play independent roles in the unclear etiology of cognitive impairments and depressive symptoms seen in this population. Understanding how these clinical presentations are associated with FMS's clinical and neurophysiological aspects is important when developing effective treatments. AIM: To explore the relationship between memory complaints and depressive symptoms, and the different clinical and neurophysiological characteristics of FMS...

The predictability of a stimulus can be characterized by its transitional probability. Perceptual expectations derived from the transitional probability of the stimulus were found to modulate the early alpha oscillations in the sensory regions of the brain when neural responses to expected versus unexpected stimuli were compared. The objective of our study was to find out the extent to which this low-frequency oscillation reflects stimulus predictability. We aimed to detect the alpha-power difference with smaller differences in transitional probabilities by comparing expected stimuli with neutral ones...

The brachiopods are sessile invertebrates with an unusual blood system, which consists of a long-branched dorsal vessel. It is still unknown how blood circulates in this system. In the present study, for the first time we propose the circulation of blood in brachiopod Hemithiris psittacea based on morphological and experimental data. The main heart is located on the dorsal side of the stomach and divides the dorsal vessel into anterior and posterior parts. The anterior part enters the lophophore, where it gives off blind branches to each tentacle...

When used as pump pulses in transient absorption spectroscopy measurements, femtosecond laser pulses can produce oscillatory signals known as quantum beats. The quantum beats arise from coherent superpositions of the states of the sample and are best studied in the Fourier domain using Femtosecond Coherence Spectroscopy (FCS), which consists of one-dimensional amplitude and phase plots of a specified oscillation frequency as a function of the detection frequency. Prior works have shown ubiquitous amplitude nodes and π phase shifts in FCS from excited-state vibrational wavepackets in monomer samples...

Temporal dynamics of local cortical rhythms during acute pain remain largely unknown. The current study used a novel approach based on transcranial magnetic stimulation combined with electroencephalogram (TMS-EEG) to investigate evoked-oscillatory cortical activity during acute pain. Motor (M1) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) were probed by TMS, respectively, to record oscillatory power (event-related spectral perturbation and relative spectral power) and phase synchronization (inter-trial coherence) by 63 EEG channels during experimentally induced acute heat pain in 24 healthy participants...

Background: MER proto-oncogene tyrosine kinase (MerTK) is a key receptor for efferocytosis, a process for the clearance of apoptotic cells. MerTK is mainly expressed in macrophages and immature dendritic cells. There are very limited reports focused on MerTK biology in aortic endothelial cells (ECs). It remains unclear for the role of blood flow patterns in regulating MerTK-mediated efferocytosis in aortic ECs. This study was designed to investigate whether endothelial MerTK and EC efferocytosis respond to blood flow patterns during atherosclerosis...

Social interactions in primates require social cognition abilities such as anticipating the partner's future choices as well as pure cognitive skills involving processing task-relevant information. The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been implicated in these cognitive processes. Here, we investigated the neural oscillations underlying the complex social behaviors involving the interplay of social roles (Actor vs. Observer) and interaction types (whether working with a "Good" or "Bad" partner). We found opposite power modulations of the beta and gamma bands by social roles, indicating dedicated processing for task-related information...

Shadows, as all other objects that surround us, are incorporated into the body and extend the body mediating perceptual information. The current study investigates the hypothesis according to which the perception of object shadows would predict the perception of body shadows. 38 participants (19 males and 19 females) aged 23 years on average were immersed into a virtual reality environment and instructed to perceive and indicate the coincidence or non coincidence between the movement of a ball shadow with regard to ball movement on the one hand, and between their body shadow and their body position in space on the other...

Background: Movement and tone disorders in children and young adults with cerebral palsy are a great source of disability. Deep brain stimulation (DBS) of basal ganglia targets has a major role in the treatment of isolated dystonias, but its efficacy in dyskinetic cerebral palsy (DCP) is lower, due to structural basal ganglia and thalamic damage and lack of improvement of comorbid choreoathetosis and spasticity. The cerebellum is an attractive target for DBS in DCP since it is frequently spared from hypoxic ischemic damage, it has a significant role in dystonia network models, and small studies have shown promise of dentate stimulation in improving CP-related movement and tone disorders...

Risk taking behavior is a symptom of multiple neuropsychiatric disorders and often lacks effective treatments. Reward circuitry regions including the amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, insula, and anterior cingulate have been implicated in risk-taking by neuroimaging studies. Electrophysiological activity associated with risk taking in these regions is not well understood in humans. Further characterizing the neural signalling that underlies risk-taking may provide therapeutic insight into disorders associated with risk-taking...

Oscillations, a highly conserved brain function across mammalian species, are pivotal in brain physiology and pathology. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) often leads to subacute and chronic brain oscillatory alterations associated with complications like post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) in patients and animal models. Our recent work longitudinally recorded local field potential from the contralateral hippocampus of 12 strains of recombinant inbred Collaborative Cross (CC) mice alongside classical laboratory inbred C57BL/6J mice after lateral fluid percussion injury...

PURPOSE: This cross-sectional cohort-comparison observational study investigated the value of high-frame-rate vector flow (V Flow) imaging for evaluating differences in carotid plaque shape and biomechanical parameters in patients with mild stenosis according to a recent history of ipsilateral ischemic stroke. METHODS: The present study included 352 patients from February 2023 to October 2023, who were categorized as symptomatic or asymptomatic based on a history of recent ischemic stroke and ipsilateral ischemic lesions detected on head computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging...

The methylazoxymethanol acetate (MAM) rodent model is used to study aspects of schizophrenia. However, numerous studies that have employed this model have used only males, resulting in a dearth of knowledge on sex differences in brain function and behaviour. The purpose of this study was to determine whether differences exist between male and female MAM rats in neuronal oscillatory function within and between the prefrontal cortex (PFC), ventral hippocampus (vHIP) and thalamus, behaviour, and in proteins linked to schizophrenia neuropathology...

Simulated moving bed (SMB) technology is considered one of the most successful techniques in chromatographic separation. However, due to the nonlinearity caused by discrete events and sensitivity to numerous separation performance parameters, purity control in SMB systems has been a challenging issue. Fuzzy controllers are increasingly popular in industrial environments due to their simplicity and effectiveness in handling nonlinearity. However, traditional fuzzy controllers used in industry often overlook considerations of error acceleration, resulting in slight deviations from target values under steady-state conditions and oscillatory behavior when system parameters change...

BACKGROUND: Executive functioning deficits are central to established neuropsychological models of ADHD. Oscillatory activity, particularly the alpha rhythm (8-12Hz) has been associated with cognitive impairments in ADHD. However, most studies to date examined such neural mechanisms underlying executive dysfunction in children and adolescents with ADHD, raising the question of whether and to what extent those ADHD-related working memory impairments are still present in adults. To this end, the current study aimed to investigate the role of alpha event-related decreases (ERD) during working memory processes in adults with and without ADHD...

Rhythmic movement is the fundamental motion dynamics characterized by repetitive patterns. Precisely defining onsets in rhythmic movement is essential for a comprehensive analysis of motor functions. Our study introduces an automated method for detecting rat's forelimb foot-strike onsets using deep learning tools. This method demonstrates high accuracy of onset detection by combining two techniques using joint coordinates and behavioral confidence scale. The analysis extends to neural oscillatory responses in the rat's somatosensory cortex, validating the effectiveness of our combined approach...

BACKGROUND: Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behaviour disorder (RBD) is one of the most common sleep problems and represents a key prodromal marker in Parkinson's disease (PD). It remains unclear whether and how basal ganglia nuclei, structures that are directly involved in the pathology of PD, are implicated in the occurrence of RBD. METHOD: Here, in parallel with whole-night video polysomnography, we recorded local field potentials from two major basal ganglia structures, the globus pallidus internus and subthalamic nucleus, in two cohorts of patients with PD who had varied severity of RBD...

Schizophrenia is a complex neuropsychiatric disorder with significant morbidity. Treatment options that address the spectrum of symptoms are limited, highlighting the need for innovative therapeutic approaches. Gamma Entrainment Using Sensory Stimulation (GENUS) is an emerging treatment for neuropsychiatric disorders that uses sensory stimulation to entrain impaired oscillatory network activity and restore brain function. Aberrant oscillatory activity often underlies the symptoms experienced by patients with schizophrenia...

We perform computer simulations of mechanically linked (poly[2]catenanes, PC) and chemically bonded (bonded rings, BR) pairs of self-avoiding ring polymers in steady shear. We find that BRs develop a novel motif, termed gradient tumbling, rotating around the gradient axis. For the PCs the rings are stretched and display another new pattern, termed slip tumbling. The dynamics of BRs is continuous and oscillatory, whereas that of PCs is intermittent between slip-tumbling attempts. Our findings demonstrate the interplay between topology and hydrodynamics in dilute solutions of connected polymers...

INTRODUCTION: Rhythmic transcranial magnetic stimulation (rhTMS) has been shown to enhance auditory working memory manipulation, specifically by boosting theta oscillatory power in the dorsal auditory pathway during task performance. It remains unclear whether these enhancements (i) persist beyond the period of stimulation, (ii) if they can accelerate learning and (iii) if they would accumulate over several days of stimulation. In the present study, we investigated the lasting behavioral and electrophysiological effects of applying rhTMS over the left intraparietal sulcus (IPS) throughout the course of seven sessions of cognitive training on an auditory working memory task...