keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37376660/comparison-of-the-biological-basis-for-non-hiv-transmission-to-hiv-exposed-seronegative-individuals-disease-non-progression-in-hiv-long-term-non-progressors-and-elite-controllers
#21
REVIEW
Joseph Hokello, Priya Tyagi, Shelly Dimri, Adhikarimayum Lakhikumar Sharma, Mudit Tyagi
HIV-exposed seronegative individuals (HESIs) are a small fraction of persons who are multiply exposed to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), but do not exhibit serological or clinical evidence of HIV infection. In other words, they are groups of people maintaining an uninfected status for a long time, even after being exposed to HIV several times. The long-term non-progressors (LTNPs), on the other hand, are a group of HIV-infected individuals (approx. 5%) who remain clinically and immunologically stable for an extended number of years without combination antiretroviral therapy (cART)...
June 13, 2023: Viruses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37312093/transient-plasma-viral-rebound-after-sars-cov-2-vaccination-in-an-exceptional-hiv-1-elite-controller-woman
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
L Di Girolamo, M Ferrara, G Trevisan, B M Longo, T Allice, E Burdino, F Alladio, S Fantino, G Di Perri, A Calcagno, S Bonora
BACKGROUND: Elite controllers are able to control viral replication without antiretroviral therapy. Exceptional elite controllers do not show disease progression for more than 25 years. Different mechanisms have been proposed and several elements of both innate and adaptive immunity are implicated. Vaccines are immune stimulating agents that can promote HIV-RNA transcription; transient plasma HIV-RNA detectability has been described within 7-14 days after different vaccinations. The most reliable mechanism involved in virosuppressed people living with HIV is a generalized inflammatory response that activates bystander cells harboring latent HIV...
June 13, 2023: Virology Journal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37283423/ongoing-hiv-1-evolution-and-reservoir-reseeding-in-two-elite-controllers-with-genetically-diverse-peripheral-proviral-quasispecies
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Suwellen Sardinha Dias de Azevedo, Fernanda Heloise Côrtes, Larissa M Villela, Brenda Hoagland, Beatriz Grinsztejn, Valdilea Gonçalvez Veloso, Mariza G Morgado, Gonzalo Bello
BACKGROUND: Elite controllers (EC) are human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive individuals who can maintain low viral loads for extended periods without antiretroviral therapy due to multifactorial and individual characteristics. Most have a small HIV-1 reservoir composed of identical proviral sequences maintained by clonal expansion of infected CD4+ T cells. However, some have a more diverse peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC)-associated HIV-1 reservoir with unique sequences...
2023: Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37254821/histone-mrna-polyadenylation-mediated-inflammation-underlies-various-virus-infections-and-cancers
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mengbiao Guo, Jianxi Zhu, Zhijie Hu, Qi Wang, Zhou Songyang, Yuanyan Xiong
The mechanistic understanding of virus infection and inflammation in many diseases is incomplete. Normally, messenger RNA (mRNA) tails of replication-dependent histones (RDH) that safeguard naked nuclear DNAs are protected by a specialized stem-loop instead of polyadenylation. Here, we showed that infection by various RNA viruses (including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) induced aberrant polyadenylation of RDH mRNAs (pARDH) that resulted in inflammation or cellular senescence, based on which we constructed a pARDH inflammation score (pARIS)...
June 2023: Journal of Medical Virology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37254791/irf5-tnop3-polymorphisms-are-associated-with-elite-control-of-hiv-infection-a-retrospective-study
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Daniel Sepúlveda-Crespo, María A Jiménez-Sousa, Amanda Fernández-Rodíguez, María A Muñoz-Fernández, José Luis Jiménez, Santiago Moreno, Felipe Garcia, Isidoro Martínez, José M Benito, Norma Rallón, Salvador Resino
IRF5-TNPO3 polymorphisms have previously been related to immune response, and TNPO3 plays a role in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 infection after nuclear import. Therefore, we analyzed the genetic association between IRF5-TNPO3 polymorphisms and the HIV elite control in long-term nonprogressors (LTNPs). We performed a retrospective cohort study on 183 LTNPs, who were antiretroviral therapy-naïve with CD4+  ≥ 500 cells/mm3 , viral load ≤10 000 copies/mL, and asymptomatic over 10 years after HIV seroconversion...
June 2023: Journal of Medical Virology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37231494/reduced-ccr5-expression-among-uganda-hiv-controllers
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Brian Nyiro, Sharon Bright Amanya, Alice Bayiyana, Francis Wasswa, Eva Nabulime, Alex Kayongo, Immaculate Nankya, Gerald Mboowa, David Patrick Kateete, Obondo James Sande
BACKGROUND: Several mechanisms including reduced CCR5 expression, protective HLA, viral restriction factors, broadly neutralizing antibodies, and more efficient T-cell responses, have been reported to account for HIV control among HIV controllers. However, no one mechanism universally accounts for HIV control among all controllers. In this study we determined whether reduced CCR5 expression accounts for HIV control among Ugandan HIV controllers. We determined CCR5 expression among Ugandan HIV controllers compared with treated HIV non-controllers through ex-vivo characterization of CD4 + T cells isolated from archived PBMCs collected from the two distinct groups...
May 25, 2023: Retrovirology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37227774/the-tlr7-irf-5-axis-sensitizes-memory-cd4-t-cells-to-fas-mediated-apoptosis-during-hiv-1-infection
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Liseth Carmona-Perez, Xavier Dagenais-Lussier, Linh Thuy Mai, Tanja Stögerer, Sharada Swaminathan, Stephane Isnard, Matthew R Rice, Betsy J Barnes, Jean Pierre Routy, Julien van Grevenynghe, Simona Stager
HIV-1 infection is characterized by a strong inflammatory environment, tissue disruption, and a progressive decline in CD4+ T cell count. Despite treatment with antiretroviral therapy (ART), the majority of persons living with HIV (PLWH) maintain residual levels of inflammation, low degree of immune activation, and higher sensitivity to cell death in their memory CD4+ T-cell compartment. To date, the mechanisms responsible for this high sensitivity remain elusive. We have identified the transcription factor IRF-5 to be involved in impairing the maintenance of murine CD4+ T cells in a chronic inflammatory environment...
May 25, 2023: JCI Insight
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37215045/early-elevated-ifn%C3%AE-identified-as-the-key-mediator-of-hiv-pathogenesis-and-its-low-level-a-hallmark-of-elite-controllers
#28
Robert Gallo, Hélène Buanec, Valérie Schiavon, Marine Mérandet, Alexandre Howkit, David Bergerat, Fombellida Lopez C, Armand Bensussan, Jean-David Bouaziz, Arsène Burny, Gilles Darcis, Hongshuo Song, Mohammad Sajadi, Shyamasundaran Kottilil, Daniel Zagury
Advances in HIV therapy came from understanding its replication. Further progress toward "functional cure" - no therapy needed as found in Elite Controllers (EC) - may come from insights in pathogenesis and avoidance by EC. Here we show that all immune cells from HIV infected persons are impaired in non-EC, but not in EC. Since HIV infects few cell types, these results suggest an additional mediator of pathogenesis. We identify that mediator as elevated pathogenic IFNα, controlled by EC likely by their preserved potent NK-cells and later by other killer cells...
May 11, 2023: Research Square
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37152187/characterization-of-rare-spontaneous-human-immunodeficiency-virus-viral-controllers-attending-a-national-united-kingdom-clinical-service-using-a-combination-of-serology-and-molecular-diagnostic-assays
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maryam Khan, Daniel Bradshaw, Colin S Brown, Jana Haddow, Poorvi Patel, Jennifer H C Tosswill, Katrina Pollock, Tamara Elliott, Xinzhu Wang, Jasmini Alagaratnam, Borja Mora-Peris, Steve Kaye, Myra O McClure, David Muir, Paul Randell, Graham P Taylor, Sarah J Fidler
BACKGROUND: We report outcomes and novel characterization of a unique cohort of 42 individuals with persistently indeterminate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status, the majority of whom are HIV viral controllers. METHODS: Eligible individuals had indeterminate or positive HIV serology, but persistently undetectable HIV ribonucleic acid (RNA) by commercial assays and were not taking antiretroviral therapy (ART). Routine investigations included HIV Western blot, HIV viral load, qualitative HIV-1 deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), coinfection screen, and T-cell quantification...
May 2023: Open Forum Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37124043/bibliometric-and-visualized-analysis-of-elite-controllers-based-on-citespace-landscapes-hotspots-and-frontiers
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xingyue Yuan, Yu Lai
BACKGROUND: A unique subset of people living with HIV, known as elite controllers, possess spontaneous and consistent control over viral replication and disease progression in the absence of antiviral intervention. In-depth research on elite controllers is conducive to designing better treatment strategies for HIV. However, comprehensive and illuminating bibliometric reports on elite controllers are rare. METHODS: Articles on elite controllers were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection...
2023: Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37018973/toll-like-receptor-agonists-enhance-hiv-specific-t-cell-response-mediated-by-plasmacytoid-dendritic-cells-in-diverse-hiv-1-disease-progression-phenotypes
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maria R Jimenez-Leon, Carmen Gasca-Capote, Laura Tarancon-Diez, Beatriz Dominguez-Molina, Macarena Lopez-Verdugo, Ryan Ritraj, Isabel Gallego, Ana I Alvarez-Rios, Joana Vitalle, Sara Bachiller, María Inés Camacho-Sojo, Alberto Perez-Gomez, Nuria Espinosa, Cristina Roca-Oporto, Mohamed Rafii-El-Idrissi Benhnia, Alicia Gutierrez-Valencia, Luis F Lopez-Cortes, Ezequiel Ruiz-Mateos
BACKGROUND: Plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) sense viral and bacterial products through Toll-like receptor (TLR)-7 and -9 and translate this sensing into Interferon-α (IFN-α) production and T-cell activation. The understanding of the mechanisms involved in pDCs stimulation may contribute to HIV-cure immunotherapeutic strategies. The objective of the present study was to characterize the immunomodulatory effects of TLR agonist stimulations in several HIV-1 disease progression phenotypes and in non HIV-1 infected donors...
April 3, 2023: EBioMedicine
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36992332/alterations-in-abundance-and-compartmentalization-of-mirnas-in-blood-plasma-extracellular-vesicles-and-extracellular-condensates-during-hiv-siv-infection-and-its-modulation-by-antiretroviral-therapy-art-and-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol-%C3%AE-9-thc
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Steven Kopcho, Marina McDew-White, Wasifa Naushad, Mahesh Mohan, Chioma M Okeoma
In this follow-up study, we investigated the abundance and compartmentalization of blood plasma extracellular miRNA (exmiRNA) into lipid-based carriers-blood plasma extracellular vesicles (EVs) and non-lipid-based carriers-extracellular condensates (ECs) during SIV infection. We also assessed how combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), administered in conjunction with phytocannabinoid delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), altered the abundance and compartmentalization of exmiRNAs in the EVs and ECs of SIV-infected rhesus macaques (RMs)...
February 24, 2023: Viruses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36931610/naturally-occurring-dipeptide-from-elite-controllers-with-dual-anti-hiv-1-mechanism
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rafael Ceña-Diez, Aswathy Narayanan, Shilpa Ray, Maarten van de Klundert, Jimmy E Rodriguez, Johan Nilvebrant, Per-Åke Nygren, Ákos Végvári, Robert van Domselaar, Anders Sönnerborg
We have reported enhanced levels of a dipeptide, WG-am, among elite controllers, patients who spontaneously control their HIV-1 infection. The aim of the present work was to evaluate its anti-HIV-1 activity and mechanism of action. Our data suggest that WG-am binds to the CD4 binding pocket of HIV-1 gp120 and blocks its binding to the host cell receptors. Additionally, our time course assay showed that WG-am inhibited HIV-1 also at 4-6h post-infection, suggesting a second antiviral mechanism. Drug sensitivity assays under acidic wash conditions confirmed the ability of WG-am to internalize into the host cell in an HIV independent manner...
March 15, 2023: International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36875132/editorial-innate-immune-responses-in-hiv-controllers
#34
EDITORIAL
Christina Thobakgale, Stephanie Jost
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
2023: Frontiers in Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36851781/definition-of-a-new-hla-b-52-restricted-rev-ctl-epitope-targeted-by-an-hiv-1-infected-controller
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Boutaina El Kenz, Katja G Schmidt, Victoria K Ogungbemi-Alt, Silke Bergmann, Philipp Steininger, Klaus Korn, Bernd Spriewald, Ellen G Harrer, Krystelle Nganou-Makamdop, Thomas Harrer
The analysis of T-cell responses in HIV-1-infected controllers may contribute to a better understanding of the protective components of the immune system. Here, we analyzed the HIV-1-specific T-cell response in a 59-year-old HIV-1-infected controller, infected for at least seven years, who presented with low viral loads ranging from <20 copies/mL to 200 copies/mL and normal CD4 counts of >800 cells/µL. In γ-IFN-ELISpot assays using freshly isolated PBMCs, he displayed a very strong polyclonal T-cell response to eight epitopes in Gag, Nef and Rev; with the dominant responses directed against the HLA-B*57-epitope AISPRTLNAW and against a so-far-unknown epitope within Rev...
February 18, 2023: Viruses
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36790818/il-18-and-il-3-in-extracellular-vesicles-biomarkers-for-durable-elite-control-of-hiv-1
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eva Poveda, Wendy Fitzgerald, Cristina Reglero, Alexandre Pérez-González, Ana Mariño, Hortensia Álvarez, Nieves Valcarce, Josep Maria Llibre, Santiago Moreno Guillén, Maria Angeles Muñoz Fernández, Ezequiel Ruiz-Mateos, Leonid Margolis, Michael M Lederman, Michael L Freeman
Plasma extracellular vesicle (EV)-associated cytokines were quantified in people with HIV (PWH) with different virological control status, including elite controllers (EC) who maintain persistent control (PC) or not (TC). Cytokine signatures and pathways were determined for each group. Median EV-associated cytokine levels were higher among PWH than HIV-uninfected. EC showed the highest levels of EV-associated cytokines among PWH with PC levels higher than TC levels. IL-18 levels best distinguished PWH from uninfected controls, and EC from ART-treated, and IL-3 distinguished PC from TC...
February 15, 2023: Journal of Infectious Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36712077/differences-in-expression-of-tumor-suppressor-innate-immune-inflammasome-and-potassium-gap-junction-channel-host-genes-significantly-predict-viral-reservoir-size-during-treated-hiv-infection
#37
Ashok K Dwivedi, David A Siegel, Cassandra Thanh, Rebecca Hoh, Kristen S Hobbs, Tony Pan, Erica A Gibson, Jeffrey Martin, Frederick Hecht, Christopher Pilcher, Jeffrey Milush, Michael P Busch, Mars Stone, Meei-Li Huang, Claire N Levy, Pavitra Roychoudhury, Florian Hladik, Keith R Jerome, Timothy J Henrich, Steven G Deeks, Sulggi A Lee
UNLABELLED: The major barrier to an HIV cure is the persistence of infected cells that evade host immune surveillance despite effective antiretroviral therapy (ART). Most prior host genetic HIV studies have focused on identifying DNA polymorphisms (e.g., CCR5Δ32 , MHC class I alleles) associated with viral load among untreated "elite controllers" (~1% of HIV+ individuals who are able to control virus without ART). However, there have been few studies evaluating host genetic predictors of viral control for the majority of people living with HIV (PLWH) on ART...
January 12, 2023: bioRxiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36695358/host-variation-in-type-i-interferon-signaling-genes-mx1-c-c-chemokine-receptor-type-5-gene-and-major-histocompatibility-complex-class-i-alleles-in-treated-hiv-noncontrollers-predict-viral-reservoir-size
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
David A Siegel, Cassandra Thanh, Eunice Wan, Rebecca Hoh, Kristen Hobbs, Tony Pan, Erica A Gibson, Deanna L Kroetz, Jeffrey Martin, Frederick Hecht, Christopher Pilcher, Maureen Martin, Mary Carrington, Satish Pillai, Michael P Busch, Mars Stone, Claire N Levy, Meei-Li Huang, Pavitra Roychoudhury, Florian Hladik, Keith R Jerome, Hans-Peter Kiem, Timothy J Henrich, Steven G Deeks, Sulggi A Lee
OBJECTIVE: Prior genomewide association studies have identified variation in major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I alleles and C-C chemokine receptor type 5 gene (CCR5Δ32) as genetic predictors of viral control, especially in 'elite' controllers, individuals who remain virally suppressed in the absence of therapy. DESIGN: Cross-sectional genomewide association study. METHODS: We analyzed custom whole exome sequencing and direct human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing from 202 antiretroviral therapy (ART)-suppressed HIV+ noncontrollers in relation to four measures of the peripheral CD4+ T-cell reservoir: HIV intact DNA, total (t)DNA, unspliced (us)RNA, and RNA/DNA...
March 1, 2023: AIDS
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36625728/identifying-pathogen-and-allele-type-simultaneously-in-a-single-well-using-droplet-digital-pcr
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kosuke Notsu, Hala El Daous, Shuya Mitoma, Xinyue Wu, Junzo Norimine, Satoshi Sekiguchi
In the transmission control of chronic and untreatable livestock diseases such as bovine leukemia virus (BLV) infection, the removal of viral superspreaders is a fundamental approach. On the other hand, selective breeding of cattle with BLV-resistant capacity is also critical for reducing the viral damage to productivity by keeping infected cattle. To provide a way of measuring BLV proviral load (PVL) and identifying susceptible/resistant cattle simply and rapidly, we developed a fourplex droplet digital PCR method targeting the BLV pol gene, BLV-susceptible bovine major histocompatibility complex ( BoLA )- DRB3*016:01 allele, resistant DRB3*009:02 allele, and housekeeping RPP30 gene (IPATS-BLV)...
January 10, 2023: MSphere
https://read.qxmd.com/read/36569826/cooperation-between-cgas-and-rig-i-sensing-pathways-enables-improved-innate-recognition-of-hiv-1-by-myeloid-dendritic-cells-in-elite-controllers
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Enrique Martin-Gayo, Ce Gao, Marta Calvet-Mirabent, Zhengyu Ouyang, Mathias Lichterfeld, Xu G Yu
INTRODUCTION: Spontaneous control of HIV-1 replication in the absence of anti-retroviral therapy (ART) naturally occurs in a small proportion of HIV-1-infected individuals known as elite controllers (EC), likely as a result of improved innate and adaptive immune mechanisms. Previous studies suggest that enhanced cytosolic immune recognition of HIV-1 reverse transcripts in conventional dendritic cells (mDC) from EC enables effective induction of antiviral effector T cell responses. However, the specific molecular circuits responsible for such improved innate recognition of HIV-1 in mDC from these individuals remain unknown...
2022: Frontiers in Immunology
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