Botulinim toxin

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of intravesical Botulinum toxin injection for overactive bladder symptoms in patients with Parkinson's disease. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Parkinson's Disease patients with overactive bladder symptoms and incontinence were included in the study. Patients were interviewed using the SEAPI questionnaire. The caregivers evaluated their decline in quality of life using the visual analog scale. Intradetrusor injection technique with 30 point template was employed...

BACKGROUND: The patient presenting with anal pain, anal lump or rectal bleeding is a common occurrence in the general practice setting and the combination of symptoms usually gives an indication of the most likely diagnosis. However, careful examination including digital rectal examination is always required. OBJECTIVE: This article discusses three common anorectal conditions: perianal haematoma, haemorrhoids and anal fissure, and briefly discusses the less common, but not to be missed conditions: anal carcinoma and low rectal carcinoma...

Hypertonia of the upper limb due to spasticity causes pronation of the forearm and flexion of wrist and fingers. Nowadays this spasticity is often treated with injections of botulinum toxin and sometimes with selective fascicular neurotomy. To correctly perform this microsurgical technique, it is necessary to get precise knowledge of the extramuscular nerve branching in order to be better able to select the motor branches which supply the muscles involved in spasticity. The same knowledge is required for botulinum toxin injections which must be made as near as possible to the zones where intramuscular nerve endings are the densest, which is also where neuromuscular junctions are the most numerous...

Botulinim toxin A (BTX-A) is available commercially in two formulations: Botox (Allergan, Inc. Irvine, California) and Dysport (Ipsen Limited, Berkshire, United Kingdom). To use BTX-A successfully for cosmetic purposes, it is important to understand the basic principles of BTX-A therapy and the specific guidelines for its use, including dilution and storage. Injection using electromyographic guidance is helpful in achieving correct placement of BTX-A by locating the muscle responsible for a particular facial line...

In this paper, new treatment options for migraine prevention are reviewed. An overview about migraine pathophysiology is provided and current indications for migraine prevention and new and upcoming preventive medications are discussed briefly. Data are presented on topiramate, levetiracetam, zonisamide, botulinim toxin, tizanidine, nefazodone, lisinopril, candesartan, carabersat, petasites, and coenzyme Q.

BACKGROUND: Thoracic surgeons traditionally performed thoracotomy and myotomy for achalasia. Recently minimally invasive approaches have been reported with good success. This report summarizes our single-institution experience using video-assisted thoracoscopy (VATS) or laparoscopy (LAP) for the treatment of achalasia. METHODS: A review of 62 patients undergoing minimally invasive myotomy for achalasia was performed. There were 27 male and 35 female patients. Mean age was 53 years (range 14 to 86)...