Radiograph

BACKGROUND: Data on the association between body composition and outcomes in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treated with immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) combination therapy are limited. METHODS: We retrospectively evaluated the clinical and radiographic data of 159 patients with advanced RCC, including 84 receiving ICI dual combination therapy (immunotherapy [IO]-IO group) and 75 receiving combinations of ICIs with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) (IO-TKI group)...

PURPOSE: Combination intravesical gemcitabine and docetaxel (GemDoce) has demonstrated efficacy as second-line therapy for patients with bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG)‒unresponsive nonmuscle-invasive urothelial carcinoma of the bladder (NMIBC). In the context of widespread BCG shortages, we performed a phase 2 prospective trial to assess GemDoce for BCG-naïve NMIBC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study is a prospective, single-arm, open-label phase 2 trial for patients with BCG-naïve high-risk NMIBC...

OBJECTIVE: This project seeks to create a differential diagnosis for lesions found on the skeletal remains of two children as a means to explore the presence of viral disease in 16th- century Peru. MATERIALS: Extremely well-preserved human remains of two children who died between the ages of 1-2 years old, recovered from the circum-contact (∼1540 CE) cemetery in Huanchaco, Peru. METHODS: Macroscopic and radiographic analysis. RESULTS: Both individuals present with cortical thickening, symmetrical destructive lesions, metaphyseal expansion, perforations, exposure of the medullary cavity, resorption of metaphyseal ends and necrosis of the long bones, and deposited reactive new bone...

PURPOSE: This study aimed to assess the performance of a deep learning algorithm (YOLOv5) in detecting different mandibular fracture types in panoramic images. METHODS: This study utilized a dataset of panoramic radiographic images with mandibular fractures. The dataset was divided into training, validation, and testing sets, with 60%, 20%, and 20% of the images, respectively. An equal number of control panoramic radiographs, which did not contain any fractures, were also randomly distributed among the three sets...

BACKGROUNDPersistent cough and dyspnea are prominent features of post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 (also termed 'Long COVID'); however, physiologic measures and clinical features associated with these pulmonary symptoms remain poorly defined. Using longitudinal pulmonary function testing (PFTs) and CT imaging, this study aimed to identify the characteristics and determinants of pulmonary Long COVID.METHODSThis single-center retrospective study included 1,097 patients with clinically defined Long COVID characterized by persistent pulmonary symptoms (dyspnea, cough, and chest discomfort) lasting for ≥1 month after resolution of primary COVID infection...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic autoimmune disease that significantly impacts the quality of life of those affected. Owing to the complex pathophysiology of RA, it is not possible for any singular treatment to entirely impede the progression of the disease. Hence, the current study aimed to adopt a holistic and synergistic approach towards the management of RA by means of a co-delivery strategy involving methotrexate (MTH), a conventional slow-acting anti-rheumatic drug, and baicalin (BCN), a bioactive phytochemical using a transethosomal (TRS) gel formulation...

PURPOSE: To study the clinical, radiological, and functional outcomes after of radioscapholunate (RSL) fusion for intra-articular malunion of the distal radius. METHODS: This retrospective study included 26 patients (17 males and 9 females) with intra-articular malunion of distal radius fractures who underwent RSL arthrodesis using locked miniplates (without distal scaphoid excision) between 2012 and 2020. Their mean age was 43 years (range, 32-56). Patients were assessed radiographically for union and clinically for range of motion, grip strength, and pain (assessed by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for pain)...

OBJECTIVE: Aims were to (i) report prevalence and (ii) evaluate reliability of the radiographic findings in examinations of patients suspected of subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS), performed before a patient's first consultation at orthopaedic department. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study examined radiographs from 850 patients, age 18 to 63 years, referred to orthopaedic clinic on suspicion of SIS. Prevalence (%) of radiographic findings were registered...

PURPOSE: Periprosthetic femoral fractures (PPFs) around the hip are challenging complications in orthopaedic surgery, particularly Vancouver type B2 (VTB2) fractures. The surgical management of these fractures is crucial and depends on various factors. Cementless short taper stem with plate osteosynthesis is an alternative surgical technique. This study aims to compare the outcomes of this surgical technique with revision arthroplasty (RA) with long stem in the treatment of VTB2 PPFs...

The diagnosis of an osteochondroma in the short bones of the extremities is atypical and the presentation in infancy is unusual. A 3-month-old female presented for evaluation of radial deviation of the right index finger present since birth. Radiographs showed a broad-based osseous outgrowth with the usual features of an osteochondroma arising from the base of middle phalanx. Initial corrective surgery at 22 months was followed by recurrence of the lesion. Another resection at 4 years confirmed a final diagnosis of BPOP (bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferation)...

Fishbone foreign body (FFB) can lodge in the upper respiratory or gastrointestinal tracts and frequently cause discomfort. While FFBs are common, variations in the hyoid may present radiographically similarly. The authors present a case in which a 32-year-old woman presented with pain in the right neck with a globus sensation after eating fish. Examination, including flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopy, did not reveal a foreign body. Given the patients' persistent symptoms, a noncontrast computed tomography was performed, demonstrating a radiopaque body superior to the right lateral hyoid bone, consistent with FFB...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: We developed, tested, and validated a novel, noninvasive, Leksell G frame-based fiducial attachment, for use in stereotactic registration for stereoelectroencephalography (sEEG). Use of the device increased the number of fixed reference points available for registration, while obviating the need for additional scalp incisions. We report here on our experience and safety profile of using the device. METHODS: We collected registration data using the fiducial device across 25 adult and pediatric patients with epilepsy consecutively undergoing robotic-guided sEEG for invasive epilepsy monitoring, treated between May 2022 and July 2023...

Dens invaginatus (DI) is a developmental anomaly of the teeth characterised by the in-folding of the enamel into the dentin. Oehlers' Type III DI is the most serious form, in which the inherently invaginated channels communicate with periodontal and dental pulp tissue, increasing the risk of bacterial contamination. However, varying and complex anatomical features make diagnosis and treatment challenging. Conventional endodontic therapies promote healing by avoiding unnecessary interventions (e.g., surgical or other invasive treatments)...

PURPOSE: Management of massive rotator cuff tears (MRCTs) remains debated, and various arthroscopic and open techniques have been described for their management. Nevertheless, the optimal strategy remains unclear. The present study evaluated the clinical results in patients managed arthroscopically for MRCTs augmented with the long head biceps tendon (LHBT) at a minimum 1-year follow-up, considering different type of tears, demographic data and number of torn tendons. METHODS: Patients treated in a secondary referral centre from January 2021 to April 2022 were enroled prospectively...

Radiographic measurements for the assessment of metatarsus adductus (MTA) have a broad range of interpretation without a consensus regarding surgical indications. The "Plumbline" (PL) radiographic assessment method helps identify MTA and determines if physical space is available to align the first metatarsal to the longitudinal foot axis without the need to realign the lesser metatarsals. Forty-five neutral weight-bearing anterior-posterior (AP) radiographs of patients scheduled for surgical intervention for isolated hallux valgus (HV) or combined MTA/HV deformities were reviewed...

PURPOSE: To investigate the validity of using tibial capsular reflection and septum in the posterior compartment as landmark during posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction (PCLR). METHODS: Anatomic measurements were obtained for 12 fresh human cadaveric knee specimens to observe the spatial position of the tibial insertion of the PCL in relation to the posterior septum and the capsular reflection in the posterior compartment. Sixty patients who underwent reconstruction of the PCL between 2020 and 2023 were also retrospectively investigated...

AIMS: Legg-Calve-Perthes disease (LCPD) is a diagnosis of exclusion. Various conditions, such as skeletal dysplasias, can closely mimic LCPD and these must be ruled out to provide appropriate treatment, prognosis, and counseling. Traditionally, genetic testing has not been readily available in pediatric orthopaedic practice. Furthermore, the clinical value of genetic testing patients with LCPD is unclear. With the advance of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technology, genetic testing has become clinically available as a lab test...

OBJECTIVE: We examined whether dental panoramic radiography (PAN) can be used to identify the clinical stage of eruption of mandibular third molars at the time of radiological examination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cross-sectional data included records from clinical oral examination and PANs of university students. In the retrospective analysis of 345 mandibular third molars in 189 participants (20% men, 80% women; mean age 20.7 years; standard deviation [SD] ± 0...

INTRODUCTION: Acute thoracolumbar intervertebral disc herniation (IVDH) constitutes an emergency because associated neurological clinical signs can be progressive, with prognosis dependent on preoperative presence of deep pain perception. Pre-anesthetic thoracic radiographs are routinely performed to evaluate for potential pathology that could result in increased risk or change in overall prognosis. However, due to the emergent nature of this disease, the weight of thoracic radiographic findings on treatment plans for these dogs in unknown...

Craniofacial fibro-osseous lesions (CFOLs) are a diverse group of relatively rare entities whose etiology ranges from reactive to dysplastic with a potential for malignant transformation. It is distinguished by the replacement of bone with fibrous tissue, that subsequently develops different degrees of calcification. Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a component of the fibro-osseous lesion spectrum. The clinical spectrum of FD is wide, ranging from minor monostotic lesions affecting a single bone to devastating polyostotic disease involving the entire skeleton...