Paederus

The skin, which has seven layers, is the main human organ and external barrier. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), skin cancer is the fourth leading cause of non-fatal disease risk. In medicinal fields, skin disease classification is a major challenging issue due to inaccurate outputs, overfitting, larger computational cost, and so on. We presented a novel approach of support vector machine-based black widow optimization (SVM-BWO) for skin disease classification. Five different kinds of skin disease images are taken such as psoriasis, paederus, herpes, melanoma, and benign with healthy images which are chosen for this work...

Predators can induce phenotypic plasticity in prey through selection driven by predation risk. However, defense plasticity is rarely reported in insects, let alone trans-generational plasticity, meaning the mechanisms underlying plasticity, how it impacts ecosystem evolution and how it might be exploited in pest control are poorly understood. Here we examine the morphological plasticity of small brown planthoppers (SBPHs), Laodelphax striatellus, elicited by caged predators, Paederus fuscipes in the parent or F1 generation and reveal the risk cues mediating these effects...

The agricultural use of silica (SiO2 ) nanoparticles (NPs) has the potential to control insect pests while the safety and tritrophic effects on plants and beneficial natural enemies remains unknown. Here, we evaluate the effects of silica NPs on insect pests with different feeding niches, natural enemies, and a plant. Silica NPs were applied at different concentrations (75-425 mg/L) on field-cultivated faba bean and soybean for two growing seasons. The faba bean pests, the cowpea aphid Aphis craccivora and the American serpentine leafminer Liriomyza trifolii, and the soybean pest, the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis, were monitored along with their associated predators...

In this study, the detoxification enzyme activity and the transcriptional profile changes in the second instar through RNA-sequencing technology due to emamectin benzoate (EB) were assessed. The cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450) enzyme activity was not altered by EB due to the change in concentration and exposure time in all treatments. The glutathione S-transferase (GST) enzyme was not considerably varying in all treatments, while exposure time significantly changed the enzyme activity. Results showed that the esterase (Ests) activity was elevated with the increasing concentrations and exposure time...

Background: Paederus dermatitis is an irritant contact dermatitis caused by crushing insects of the genus Paederus , which releases a vesicant toxin called pederin. On July 28, 2018, the district health office received a report of cases with erythema, itching, and burning after contact with the Paederus insect. In response, we investigated the outbreak intending to describe, confirm, and identify the risk factors associated with the country's first reported outbreak. Methods: A community-based unmatched case-control study was conducted from August 10 to 22, 2018...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Desiccation stress causes mesic-adapted arthropods to lose their body water content. However, mesic-adapted Paederus beetles can survive over prolonged periods under dry field conditions, suggesting that these beetles adopt an array of water conservation mechanisms. We investigated the water balance mechanisms of field-collected Paederus adults over a 14-month sampling period. We also assessed their nutritional adaptations by performing a stable isotope analysis to examine their diet. The water loss rate (WLR) of the beetles was significantly associated with the rice crop cycle and saturation deficit...

INTRODUCTION: Paederus dermatitis (PD) is a skin reaction to a chemical substance called paederin, which emanates from a beetle of Paederus spp. This study's objective was to investigate the clinical manifestations and progression, seasonal variation, and environmental factors associated with PD among patients attending the outpatient dermatology clinic of Siriraj Hospital. METHODS: This prospective cohort study included patients who were diagnosed with PD at the Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand during the October 2017 to July 2018 study period...

The maternally inherited obligate intracellular bacteria Wolbachia infects the reproductive tissues of a wide range of arthropods and affects host reproduction. Wolbachia is a credible biocontrol agent for reducing the impact of diseases associated with arthropod vectors. Paederus fuscipes is a small staphylinid beetle that causes dermatitis linearis and conjunctivitis in humans when they come into contact with skin. Wolbachia occur in this beetle, but their relatedness to other Wolbachia , their infection dynamics, and their potential host effects remain unknown...

Pederin, a vesicant chemical and one of the most powerful animal toxins in the world, is produced by an endosymbiont bacteria (Pseudomonas spp) found on the beetle Paederus fuscipes. This small, red- and black-striped beetle is also commonly known as the Charlie or rove beetle. Accidental contact with skin causes Paederus dermatitis, with the clinical presentation ranging from mild dermatitis to more severe vesiculobullous lesions. We report a rare case of severe lip destruction caused by the Charlie beetle in a 24-year-old man...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

The insecticidal crystal proteins of Cry2A family from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) are important candidate proteins expressed in gene pyramiding Bt crops. A transgenic rice line (T2A-1) harboring a synthetic Cry2A* (Cry2Aa) gene showed effective resistance to some lepidopteran rice pests. As a generalist predator in rice ecosystems, the rove beetle (Paederus fuscipes) can prey on many rice insect pests such as planthoppers. Considering the possible exposure of Cry2Aa to P. fuscipes through tritrophic food chain, it is necessary to assess the potential risks of T2A-1 rice to this predator...

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BACKGROUND: Paederus dermatitis (PD) is a blistering disorder that is caused by a small insect of the genus Paederus , especially Paederus fuscipes . This study aimed to investigate the reaction of the adaptive immune system regarding the recruitment of CD3, CCR4, and CCR10 markers, which are specifically expressed on the surface of T lymphocytes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this experimental study, 24 female rats were divided into two groups: the test and the negative control...

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Material of the paederine genus Paederus Fabricius, 1775 of mainland China and Taiwan was examined. In total, seven species are recognized, among which one is described here as new: P. (Gnathopaederus) zhangmuensis sp. n. (Xizang: Zhangmu). New provincial records are provided for P. jianyueae Peng and Li, 2014 from Fujian.

No abstract text is available yet for this article.

The ability of Paederus beetles to resist desiccation stress is vital to their adaptability in various ecological niches. How water relations and their response to desiccation vary among adult beetles of different age, sex, and mating status is unclear. We examined the water relations of adult Paederus fuscipes Curtis and the mechanisms used to reduce desiccation stress. One-day-old beetles had an exceptionally high percent total body water (%TBW) content and tolerated a high level of %TBW loss. Newly emerged beetles contained a high level of trehalose and 40 to 60% lipid content of their total dry mass, which allowed them to endure desiccation...

The Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri Kuwayama (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Psylloidea: Liviidae) is an important pest of citrus species worldwide because it transmits Candidatus Liberibacter spp. (Alphaproteobacteria), the causative agents of an incurable citrus disease known as huanglongbing or greening disease. Diaphorina citri possesses a vertically-transmitted intracellular symbiont, Candidatus Profftella armatura (Betaproteobacteria), which produces diaphorin, a polyketide that is significantly toxic to mammalian cells...

A trade-off between life history traits in the evolution of insecticide resistance is common in insects because energy acquisition is mainly channeled for detoxification enzyme production. In addition, sublethal exposure to insecticides may have an effect on the physiology and behaviors of surviving insects. Similar to other agricultural pests, pesticide use may have led to insecticide resistance in populations of Paederus fuscipes Curtis. In this study, we determined the median lethal time of 10 field-collected strains in Taiwan for three insecticides that are commonly employed to manage agricultural pests...