Critical values

Climate change is having a significant impact on global agriculture, and in particular on vegetable crops, which play a critical role in global nutrition. Recently, increasing research has concentrated on the impact of climate change on vegetable crop diseases, with several studies being conducted in phytotrons, which have been used to explore effects of increased temperatures and CO2 concentrations, to simulate future scenarios. This review focuses on the combined effects of temperature and carbon dioxide increases on foliar and soil-borne vegetable diseases, as evaluated under phytotron conditions...

BACKGROUND: We evaluated the concordance/discordance of PD-L1 staining results between the 28-8 and 22C3 assays and its impact on the efficacy outcomes of advanced gastric cancer patients treated with nivolumab plus chemotherapy. METHODS: This retrospective study involved 143 gastric cancer patients treated with first-line nivolumab plus chemotherapy whose PD-L1 results with both 28-8 and 22C3 assays were available. The concordance/discordance between these assays and the inter-observer variability were evaluated for PD-L1 combined positive score (CPS) positivity...

This comprehensive review systematically examines the multifarious aspects of Nelumbo nucifera, elucidating its ecological, nutritional, medicinal, and biomimetic significance. Renowned both culturally and scientifically, Nelumbo nucifera manifests remarkable adaptability, characterized by its extensive distribution across varied climatic regions, underpinned by its robust rhizome system and prolific reproductive strategies. Ecologically, this species plays a crucial role in aquatic ecosystems, primarily through biofiltration, thereby enhancing habitat biodiversity...

OBJECTIVES: Large language models, including ChatGPT, has the potential to transform the way we approach medical knowledge, yet accuracy in clinical topics is critical. Here we assessed ChatGPT's performance in adhering to the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery guidelines. METHODS: We presented ChatGPT with 24 clinical otolaryngology questions based on the guidelines of the American Academy of Otolaryngology. This was done three times (N = 72) to test the model's consistency...

In modern times, medicine is predominantly based on evidence-based practices, whereas in ancient times, indigenous people relied on plant-based medicines with factual evidence documented in ancient books or folklore that demonstrated their effectiveness against specific infections. Plants and microbes account for 70% of drugs approved by the USFDA (U.S. Food and Drug Administration). Stilbenes, polyphenolic compounds synthesized by plants under stress conditions, have garnered significant attention for their therapeutic potential, bridging ancient wisdom with modern healthcare...

The aberrant activation of fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) acts as a potent driver of multiple types of human cancers. Despite the development of several conventional small-molecular FGFR inhibitors, their clinical efficacy is largely compromised due to low selectivity and side effects. Here, we report the selective FGFR1/2-targeting proteolysis targeting chimeric (PROTAC), BR-cpd7 that displays significant isoform specificity to FGFR1/2 with DC50 values around 10 nM, while sparing FGFR3. The following mechanistic investigation reveals the reduced FGFR signaling, through which BR-cpd7 induces cell cycle arrest and consequently blocks the proliferation of multiple FGFR1/2-dependent tumor cells...

Plastic wastes continuously accumulate, causing critical environmental issues. It is urgent to develop efficient strategies to convert them to valuable products. Very recently, two novel approaches for plastic recycling were reported by Huber et al. (Science, 2023, 381, 660-666) and Liu et al. (Science, 2023, 381, 666-671) , where polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) plastics were converted into potentially valuable products, such as alcohols, aldehydes, surfactants, and detergents. The two processes achieved complete degradation, high selectivity of target products, as well as high values of products, showing economic feasibility for industrial scale-up...

One of the primary objectives in contemporary electronics is to develop sensors that are not only scalable and cost-effective but also environmentally sustainable. To achieve this goal, numerous experiments have focused on incorporating nanomaterial-based films, which utilize nanoparticles or van der Waals materials, on paper substrates. In this article, we present a novel fabrication technique for producing dry-abraded van der Waals films on paper, demonstrating outstanding electrical characteristics. We assess the quality and uniformity of these films by conducting a spatial resistivity characterization on a 5 × 5 cm2 dry-abraded WS2 film with an average thickness of 25 μm...

OBJECTIVES: Critical CHD is associated with morbidity and mortality, worsened by delayed diagnosis. Paediatric residents are front-line clinicians, yet identification of congenital CHD remains challenging. Current exposure to cardiology is limited in paediatric resident education. We evaluated the impact of rapid cycle deliberate practice simulation on paediatric residents' skills, knowledge, and perceived competence to recognise and manage infants with congenital CHD. METHODS: We conducted a 6-month pilot study...

Exploring the correlations between ecosystem service value (ESV) and landscape ecological risk and the driving factors of their spatial variations is crucial for maintaining regional ecological security and promoting sustainable human well-being. We carried out a grid resampling size of 5 km×5 km assessment units of Jilin Pro-vince based on the remote sensing monitoring data of land use in 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020. We quantitatively evaluated the landscape ecological risk and ESV, and analyzed their spatial-temporal variations...

PURPOSE: To develop a rib and clavicle fracture detection model for chest radiographs in trauma patients using a deep learning (DL) algorithm. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We retrospectively collected 56 145 chest X-rays (CXRs) from trauma patients in a trauma center between August 2008 and December 2016. A rib/clavicle fracture detection DL algorithm was trained using this data set with 991 (1.8%) images labeled by experts with fracture site locations. The algorithm was tested on independently collected 300 CXRs in 2017...

BACKGROUND: Patient education plays a critical role in healthcare, influencing outcomes and resource utilization. However, effectively integrating patient education into clinical practice remains challenging due to time constraints and inconsistencies in information delivery. Enhancements in Electronic Health Records (EHR) offer potential solutions by facilitating customized, quality education delivery. This study investigates the impact of an EHR-enhanced patient education intervention on short-term revisit rates to healthcare facilities...

Introduction Clinical nutrition for preterm and critically ill neonates remains a challenge. Preterms are often hemodynamically and metabolically compromised, which limits infusion volumes of nutrients and hinders achieving recommended nutrient intakes. While guidelines provide recommended ranges for parenteral nutrition (PN) intakes, they generally recommend enteral nutrition as soon as possible. Thus, in clinical practice, gradually increasing EN intakes complicates assessments of PN guideline adherence. Via a pragmatic approach, we assessed adherence to PN recommendations for macronutrients and energy as stated in the 2018 guidelines of the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN)...

Gender-affirming hormone therapy carries the potential risk for shifts in biochemical markers that may impact cardiometabolic, hematologic, hepatic, and renal health. The critical evaluation of biochemical data is an integral part of a comprehensive nutrition assessment; therefore, nutrition professionals should be aware of shifts that are expected during the course of masculinizing and feminizing hormone therapy. Changes in important biochemical values along with binary sex-specific standards for interpreting laboratory data can pose significant challenges for nutrition professionals working with transgender and gender-diverse patients who receive gender-affirming hormone therapy...

INTRODUCTION: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) induces organic damage mainly through the patient's immune overreaction. Hemoperfusion (HPF) can remove inflammatory cytokines and can reduce the negative effects of cytokine storm in COVID-19. We compared the mortality rate, inflammatory response, and acute kidney injury (AKI) prevalence among patients suffering from respiratory insufficiency secondary to COVID-19 treated with and without HPF with HA330 cartridge. METHODS: Mortality rate, serum creatinine, and ferritin values were compared between patients suffering from respiratory insufficiency secondary to COVID-19 who received conventional treatment and another group of patients who additionally received four sessions of HPF with HA330...

Congenital cataract is among the main causes of treatable vision loss in childhood. The first weeks and months of life are a critical time for the development of vision. Therefore, early cataract surgery and effective multifaceted treatment of the resulting aphakia in the early stages of life are of great value for the management of vision development. Among the treatment models, contact lenses (CL) have an important place in infancy and early childhood up to the age of 2 years. Although good visual gains were not considered very likely, especially in unilateral aphakia, important steps have been taken in the treatment of pediatric aphakia thanks to the surgical techniques developed over time and the increasing experience with optical correction systems, especially CLs...

INTRODUCTION: To effectively regulate and reduce antibiotic use, in the livestock sector, a thorough understanding of the flow of veterinary antibiotics will help to identify key nodes in the chain for targeted interventions. The aim of this study was to understand the flow of antibiotics from import to end-user, and identify relevant governance mechanisms. METHODS: A mixed methods approach was used to collect data in three Kenyan counties (Nairobi, Kiambu, and Kajiado)...

Molten salts are highly effective as a quenching medium for austempering and martempering processes, enabling precise control of cooling rates to achieve the desired microstructures and mechanical characteristics in steel components. One such promising molten salt is a multicomponent Ca (NO3 )2 -KNO3 molten salt. The current work explores the cooling severity of molten Ca (NO3 )2 -KNO3 mixtures, which are commonly used for such purposes. The said mixture, with varying concentrations and bath temperatures was used for quenching the Inconel probe with thermocouples...

Antimicrobial resistant (AMR) pathogens represent urgent threats to human health, and their surveillance is of paramount importance. Metagenomic next generation sequencing (mNGS) has revolutionized such efforts, but remains challenging due to the lack of open-access bioinformatics tools capable of simultaneously analyzing both microbial and AMR gene sequences. To address this need, we developed the Chan Zuckerberg ID (CZ ID) AMR module, an open-access, cloud-based workflow designed to integrate detection of both microbes and AMR genes in mNGS and whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data...

BACKGROUND: Globally, over one-third of pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) disease diagnoses are made based on clinical criteria after a negative diagnostic test result. Understanding factors associated with clinicians' decisions to initiate treatment for individuals with negative test results is critical for predicting the potential impact of new diagnostics. METHODS: We performed a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis using studies conducted between January/2010 and December/2022 (PROSPERO: CRD42022287613)...