Ophthalmic

BACKGROUND: Concerns remain over the long-term safety of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors to treat retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). RAINBOW is an open label randomised trial comparing intravitreal ranibizumab (in 0.2 mg and 0.1 mg doses) with laser therapy in very low birthweight infants (<1500 g) with ROP. METHODS: Of 201 infants completing RAINBOW, 180 were enrolled in the RAINBOW Extension Study. At 5 years, children underwent ophthalmic, development and health assessments...

AIM: To determine the prevalence of some retinal pathologies in people over 60y and their association with demographic and ocular factors. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Tehran using multistage cluster sampling. After selecting subjects aged 60 and over, optometric, and ophthalmic examinations were done. For retinal examination, a 90 D lens was used and indirect ophthalmoscopy was performed after instilling tropicamide drops. Biometry was done using the IOL Master for all participants...

M. oleifera is the most adapted tree species in different medicinal eco-systems and has resilience against climate changes. This multiple-use tree provides healthy foods, snacks, honey, and fuel. Besides this, it has immense promising applicationsby offering antimicrobial and antibacterial activities for targeted uses. This validates the court of Hippocrates that let food be the medicine and medicine be the food for which moringa qualifies. In view of this, the antioxidant and in vitro antibacterial potency of the hydro-ethanolic extract of M...

BACKGROUND: Cat-scratch disease (CSD) is caused by Bartonella henselae infection. In atypical cases of CSD, pathogen determination is challenging. We report a case of Bartonella neuroretinitis with neither a clear history of scratches nor typical general symptoms. The diagnosis was made using metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS), a high-throughput sequencing technology. CASE PRESENTATION: A female patient presented to the ophthalmologist with complaint of blurred vision in her right eye...

PURPOSE: Post-operative vision impairment is common among patients who have undergone cataract surgery in low-resource settings, impacting quality of clinical outcomes and patient experience. This prospective, multisite, single-armed, pragmatic validation study aimed to assess whether receiving tailored recommendations via the free Better Operative Outcomes Software Tool (BOOST) app improved surgical outcomes, as quantified by post-operative unaided distance visual acuity (UVA) measured 1-3 days after surgery...

PURPOSE: Strabismus is more frequent in cerebral palsy (CP) than in the normal population, but reports differ how much it is increased. We here examined the global prevalence and types of strabismus in CP, whether esotropia or exotropia is more frequent, and whether the prevalence differs between ethnicities and/or country income levels, and between generations. METHODS: We compiled in a systematic review and meta-analysis the results of 147 CP studies that report the prevalence of strabismus or the ratio of esotropia to exotropia, and we conducted subgroup analyses for region (income level) and ethnicity...

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In the field of ophthalmology, slit-lamp gonioscopy has long been a cornerstone for examining anterior chamber angles and diagnosing conditions such as angle closure, secondary causes of raised intraocular pressure, neovascularization of angle, angle recession, angle tumors, and foreign bodies. However, the conventional approach for goniophotography is a demanding procedure requiring juggling a gonioscopy lens in one hand and a smartphone in the other. Balancing a gonioscopy lens with one hand makes it difficult to adjust and focus the image in busy clinical settings...

INTRODUCTION: We describe a case of reticular bullous corneal epithelial edema associated with the use of netarsudil ophthalmic solution (0.02%) for elevated intraocular pressure. CASE PRESENTATION: A 74-year-old man with a complex ocular medical history, including Fuchs dystrophy and primary open-angle glaucoma, developed progressively worsening loss of vision 3 weeks following the initiation of topical netarsudil for increased intraocular pressure. Visual acuity in the left eye was counting fingers at 3 feet and intraocular pressure in the left eye was 7 mm Hg...

OCT is a widely used clinical ophthalmic imaging technique, but the presence of speckle noise can obscure important pathological features and hinder accurate segmentation. This paper presents a novel method for denoising optical coherence tomography (OCT) images using a combination of texture loss and generative adversarial networks (GANs). Previous approaches have integrated deep learning techniques, starting with denoising Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) that employed pixel-wise losses. While effective in reducing noise, these methods often introduced a blurring effect in the denoised OCT images...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to observe the anesthetic effect and safety of intravenous anesthesia without muscle relaxant with propofol-remifentanil combined with regional block under laryngeal mask airway in pediatric ophthalmologic surgery. METHODS: A total of 90 undergoing ophthalmic surgery were anesthetized with general anesthesia using the laryngeal mask airway without muscle relaxant. They were randomly divided into two groups: 45 children who received propofol-remifentanil intravenous anesthesia combined with regional block (LG group), and 45 children who received total intravenous anesthesia (G group)...

OBJECTIVE: To identify determinants of the utilisation of ophthalmic clinical health services among students who failed school vision screening. METHODS: This study employed a sequential explanatory mixed methods design, underpinned by Andersen's Behavioural Model of Health Service Utilisation. Data were initially gathered through interviews with 27 stakeholders-comprising 5 ophthalmologists, 7 community doctors, 7 public health professionals and 8 teachers. The qualitative insights informed the construction of a questionnaire, which subsequently garnered responses from 6215 participants...

Treatment options for patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer include use of radioligand therapy with 177Lu-PSMA-617. 177Lu-PSMA-617 is used to selectively target prostate cancer cells by targeting prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA); however, PSMA is also expressed on lacrimal glands among other tissues. Herein, we report on a case of a CTCAE v5 grade 3 dry eye event with concomitant blepharitis following administration of 177Lu-PSMA-617. He was managed with neomycin-polymyxin-dexamethasone 3...

Lamb-Shaffer syndrome (LSS) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder, genetically diagnosed in fewer than 100 individuals worldwide. We present a case series of 6 pediatric patients with LSS and describe its ophthalmic manifestations. Strabismus was present in 5 patients, with exotropia being most common. All subjects had significant refractive errors; 5 had astigmatism of at least 2 D. All patients had optic nerve abnormalities, including pallor (4), hypoplasia (2), and anomalous appearance (1), with retinal nerve fiber layer thinning demonstrated in a single subject...

Chronic, non-communicable diseases present a major barrier to living a long and healthy life. In many cases, early diagnosis can facilitate prevention, monitoring, and treatment efforts, improving patient outcomes. There is therefore a critical need to make screening techniques as accessible, unintimidating, and cost-effective as possible. The association between ocular biomarkers and systemic health and disease (oculomics) presents an attractive opportunity for detection of systemic diseases, as ophthalmic techniques are often relatively low-cost, fast, and non-invasive...

BACKGROUND: Bioadhesion is the ability of materials to adhere to biological surfaces. Bioadhesives are substances which induce or promote bioadhesion. The internal application of bioadhesives is gaining popularity in recent years and is being increasingly utilized in vitreoretinal surgeries. The aim of this review is to discuss the various bioadhesives and their applications in vitreoretinal surgeries. METHODS: PubMed, Google Scholar, ePub and Cochrane library database were used for literature selection...

BACKGROUND: Homocystinuria (HCU) is a rare metabolic disease that affects many organs, including the eyes. Aims: to assess visual functions, ocular characteristics, visual quality of life and time from the onset of ocular manifestations to HCU-diagnosis in patients with HCU. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Eighteen patients underwent ophthalmological examinations and visual quality of life questionnaires. RESULTS: Best corrected decimal visual acuity was median 1...

The discovery of antivascular endothelial growth factor medications has resulted in a substantial change in diabetic retinopathy treatment. The most common cause of diabetic retinopathy blindness is Diabetic Macular Edema. The pathophysiology of Diabetic Macular Edema is thought to include the well-known pro-angiogenic and pro-permeability factor vascular endothelial growth factor. Over the past decade, drugs that impede the functions of vascular endothelial growth factors have established themselves as a standard-of-care treatment for a range of ocular ailments and improved patients' clinical results with diabetic retinopathy and Diabetic Macular Edema, and their frequency has grown exponentially with the introduction of these agents Pegaptanib, Ranibizumab, and Aflibercept which are approved for ophthalmic indications, while Bevacizumab is used off-label...

Visual crowding, the phenomenon in which the ability to distinguish objects is hindered in cluttered environments, has critical implications for various ophthalmic and neurological disorders. Traditional methods for assessing crowding involve time-consuming and attention-demanding psychophysical tasks, making routine examination challenging. This study sought to compare trial-based Alternative Forced-Choice (AFC) paradigms using either manual or eye movement responses and a continuous serial search paradigm employing eye movement responses to evaluate their efficiency in rapidly assessing peripheral crowding...

BACKGROUND: Neuro-ophthalmology, bridging neurology and ophthalmology, highlights the nervous system's crucial role in vision, encompassing afferent and efferent pathways. The evolution of this field has emphasized the importance of neuroanatomy for precise surgical interventions, presenting educational challenges in blending complex anatomical knowledge with surgical skills. This review examines the interplay between neuroanatomy and surgical practices in neuro-ophthalmology, aiming to identify educational gaps and suggest improvements...