ketamine depression

Ketamine has been shown to produce analgesia in various acute and chronic pain states; however, abuse liability concerns have limited its utility. The ketamine metabolite (2R,6R)-hydroxynorketamine (HNK) has been shown to produce antidepressant-like effects similar to ketamine without abuse liability concerns. (2R,6R)-HNK produces sustained analgesia in models of chronic pain, but has yet to be evaluated in models of acute pain. The present study evaluated the efficacy of acute (2R,6R)-HNK administration (one injection) in assays of pain-stimulated (52- and 56-degree hot plate test and acetic acid writhing) and pain-depressed behavior (locomotor activity and rearing) in male and female C57BL/6 mice...

Ketamine has been in use since its development as a dissociative anesthetic in the 1960s, but it was largely confined to the operating theater or austere environments until used by emergency physicians to facilitate painful procedures in children. As the unique effects of ketamine across its dose-response curve were understood, new applications emerged. In low doses, ketamine has found an important role alongside or instead of opioids in the management of severe pain, and methods to slow its absorption allow higher, more effective doses while attenuating psychoperceptual effects...

BACKGROUND: Ketamine has been established as efficacious in adults living with Treatment-resistant Depression (TRD). Toward providing a quantifiable estimate of the clinical meaningfulness of the therapeutic benefit of ketamine, herein, we conduct a systematic review that aims to report the Number Needed to Treat (NNT) and the Number Needed to Harm (NNH). METHODS: This systematic review searched Embase, Medline/Pubmed, PsycINFO and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception up to October 15th 2023, for placebo-controlled, Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) assessing racemic ketamine or esketamine therapy for unipolar TRD...

BACKGROUND: Partial negative allosteric modulators (NAM) of the metabotropic glutamate 5 (mGlu5 ) receptor are an excellent alternative to full antagonists and NAMs because they retain therapeutic effects and have a much broader therapeutic window. Here, we investigated whether partial mGlu5 NAM, 2-(2-(3-methoxyphenyl)ethynyl)-5-methylpyridine (M-5MPEP), induced a fast and sustained antidepressant-like effect, characteristic of rapid-acting antidepressant drugs (RAADs) like ketamine, in mice...

Depression is a disorder with variable presentation. Selecting treatments and dose-finding is, therefore, challenging and time-consuming. In addition, novel antidepressants such as ketamine have sparse optimization evidence. Insights obtained from metabolomics may improve the management of patients. The objective of this study was to determine whether compounds in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) metabolome correlate with scores on questionnaires and response to medication. We performed a retrospective pilot study to evaluate phenotypic and metabolomic variability in patients with treatment-resistant depression using multivariate data compression algorithms...

BACKGROUND: Ketamine has emerged as one of the most promising therapies for treatment-resistant depression. However, inter-individual variability in response to ketamine is still not well understood and it is unclear how ketamine's molecular mechanisms connect to its neural and behavioral effects. METHODS: We conducted a single-blind placebo-controlled study, with participants blinded to their treatment condition. 40 healthy participants received acute ketamine (initial bolus 0...

BACKGROUND: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) poses a significant challenge to global health, with current treatments often limited by efficacy and onset delays. This study explores the synergistic antidepressant-like effects of an NPY1R agonist and Ketamine, targeting their neurobiological interactions within the ventral hippocampus. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Utilizing a preclinical model, this study administered Neuropeptide Y receptor 1 (NPY1R) agonist and Ketamine, both separately and in combination, through intracerebroventricular (icv) and intranasal (i...

Ketamine is an NMDA-receptor antagonist that produces sedation, analgesia and dissociation at low doses and profound unconsciousness with antinociception at high doses. At high and low doses, ketamine can generate gamma oscillations ( > 25 Hz) in the electroencephalogram (EEG). The gamma oscillations are interrupted by slow-delta oscillations (0.1-4 Hz) at high doses. Ketamine's primary molecular targets and its oscillatory dynamics have been characterized. However, how the actions of ketamine at the subcellular level give rise to the oscillatory dynamics observed at the network level remains unknown...

BACKGROUND: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of ketamine/esketamine on postoperative subjective quality of recovery (QoR). METHODS: MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane library, and Google Scholar were searched for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that examined the impacts of perioperative ketamine/esketamine use and postoperative QoR. The primary outcome was subjective QoR (QoR-9, QoR-15, QoR-40) on postoperative day (POD) 1-3, whereas the secondary outcomes included pain severity, anxiety scores, depression scores, risk of adverse events (i...

In Africa, there is currently a paucity of data on the epidemiology of depression, its treatment and management. The prevalence of depression is severely underestimated, with unique circumstances and societal risk factors associated with depression and its public awareness. Treating and managing depression is confounded by an inaccessibility to efficient and low-cost treatments for patients with depression. The aetiology of depression is multifactorial, with various theories implicating multiple neuronal networks...

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No abstract text is available yet for this article.

Treatment of resistant obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) typically results in insufficient symptom alleviation, and even long-term medication often fails to have the intended effect. Ketamine is a potent non-competitive antagonist of the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. Studies have shown that low-dose ketamine infusion results in a considerable reduction in obsessive-compulsive symptoms and a rapid resolution of suicidal ideation. This is a case report on the effect of intravenous ketamine infusion on a patient with resistant OCD and severe suicidal ideation...

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the impact of intraoperative and/or postoperative esketamine application on the prevention of postpartum depression (PPD). PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science were thoroughly searched for eligible randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding the application of esketamine for postnatal depression prevention. Nine RCTs including 1277 participants were involved in the final analysis. It was found that intraoperative and/or postoperative administration of esketamine significantly reduced the PPD incidence and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scores in the early postoperative period...

Ketamine has been repeatedly demonstrated to be an effective treatment in the management of patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). An important question is whether it is equally or more effective than the current gold standard of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), as the adverse effects of ECT can lead to memory loss and neurocognitive deficits. A literature search was conducted for trials that directly compared the efficacy and adverse effects of ketamine and ECT via PubMed and Google Scholar. A total of 56 articles were identified with six included in this review...

Over 300 million people worldwide suffer from major depressive disorder (MDD). Unfortunately, only 30-40% of patients with MDD achieve complete remission after conventional monoamine antidepressant therapy. In recent years, ketamine has revolutionized the treatment of MDD, with its rapid antidepressant effects manifesting within a few hours as opposed to weeks with conventional antidepressants. Many research endeavors have sought to identify ketamine's mechanism of action in mood disorders; while many studies have focused on ketamine's role in glutamatergic modulation, several studies have implicated its role in regulating neuroinflammation...

OBJECTIVE: Explore relationships of acute dissociative effects of intravenous ketamine with change in depression and suicidal ideation and with plasma metabolite levels in a randomized, midazolam-controlled trial. METHOD: Data from a completed trial in suicidal, depressed participants (N=40) randomized to ketamine was used to examine relationships between ketamine treatment-emergent dissociative and psychotomimetic symptoms with pre/post-infusion changes in suicidal ideation and depression severity...

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BACKGROUND: Electrophysiologic measures provide an opportunity to inform mechanistic models and possibly biomarker prediction of response. Serotonergic psychedelics (SPs) (i.e., psilocybin, lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)) and ketamine represent new investigational and established treatments in mood disorders respectively. There is a need to better characterize the mechanism of action of these agents. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review investigating the spectral signatures of psilocybin, LSD, and ketamine in persons with major depressive disorder (MDD), treatment-resistant depression (TRD), and healthy controls...

Ketamine is a restricted and regulated medication in Australia and New Zealand, which has implications when considering treatment for patients with treatment-resistant depression and a history of illicit drug use, abuse or dependence. Regulations governing prescription of ketamine for treatment-resistant depression vary between jurisdictions in Australia and New Zealand, though most restrict use in those with drug dependence. There is substantial variation in definitions of drug dependence used in each jurisdiction, and between the legal and clinical definitions, with the latter specified in the current International Classification of Diseases, Eleventh Revision and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders , Fifth Edition...