tumor associated macrophages

BACKGROUND: CCND2 expression influences the growth and proliferation of cancer cells and plays a crucial role in immune response of tumor. However, few studies focused on the correlation between CCND2 and lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) in terms of prognosis and tumor immune infiltration. METHODS: Original LUAD case data were screened from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. Using R software, we analyzed differently expressed CCND2 between LUAD and adjacent normal tissues...

BACKGROUND: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) exhibit unique patterns of expression and high levels of stability in patient plasma samples such that they represent ideal non-invasive biomarkers that can be leveraged to detect a wide array of diseases including endometrial cancer (EC). This study was designed to identify circRNAs with potential diagnostic utility in serum samples from EC patients while also evaluating the utility of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) as a biomarker when screening for this form of cancer in the clinic...

INTRODUCTION: Urolithin A (UA) is a naturally occurring compound that is converted from ellagitannin-like precursors in pomegranates and nuts by intestinal flora. Previous studies have found that UA exerts tumor-suppressive effects through antitumor cell proliferation and promotion of memory T-cell expansion, but its role in tumor-associated macrophages remains unknown. OBJECTIVES: Our study aims to reveal how UA affects tumor macrophages and tumor cells to inhibit breast cancer progression...

The crosstalk between breast cancer cells and tumor associated macrophages (TAMs) greatly contributes to tumor progression and immunosuppression. In this work, cat eye syndrome chromosome region candidate 2 (CECR2) is identified to overexpress in breast cancer patients, which can recognize v-rel avian reticuloendotheliosis viral oncogene homolog A (RelA) and activate nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) to release colony stimulating factor-1 (CSF-1). Pharmacological inhibition of CECR2 by the bromodomain competitor (Bromosporine, Bro) can downregulate CSF-1 to inhibit M2 type TAMs...

Although PD-1 inhibitors have revolutionized the treatment paradigm of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), their efficacy in treating NSCLC has remained unsatisfactory. Targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) is a potential approach for improving the immunotherapy response. Multitarget antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitors (TKIs) can enhance the efficacy of PD-1 inhibitors in NSCLC patients. However, the effects and mechanisms of antiangiogenic TKIs on CAFs have not been elucidated. In this study, we first compared anlotinib with other antiangiogenic TKIs and confirmed the superior efficacy of anlotinib...

OBJECTIVES: Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize whole cells or components of microorganisms. Alendronate (ALN) is an anti-bone-resorptive drug that has inflammatory side effects. The aim in this study was to examine whether ALN augments TLR2 ligand-induced proinflammatory cytokine production using mouse macrophage-like RAW264.7 cells transfected with murine apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase recruitment domain (ASC) gene (hereafter, referred to as "RAW-ASC cells")...

In the tumor microenvironment (TME), myeloid cells play a pivotal role. Myeloid-derived immunosuppressive cells, including tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), are central components in shaping the immunosuppressive milieu of the tumor. Within the TME, a majority of TAMs assume an M2 phenotype, characterized by their pro-tumoral activity. These cells promote tumor cell growth, angiogenesis, invasion, and migration. In contrast, M1 macrophages, under appropriate activation conditions, exhibit cytotoxic capabilities against cancer cells...

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) represent a promising treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) due to their capacity for abundant lymphocyte infiltration. However, some patients with HCC respond poorly to ICI therapy due to the presence of various immunosuppressive factors in the tumor microenvironment. Our research reveals that a macrophage-coated tumor cluster (MCTC) signifies a unique spatial structural organization in HCC correlating with diminished recurrence-free survival and overall survival in a total of 572 HCC cases from 3 internal cohorts and 2 independent external validation cohorts...

The pancreas is a heterocrine gland that has both exocrine and endocrine parts. Most pancreatic cancer begins in the cells that line the ducts of the pancreas and is called pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). PDAC is the most encountered pancreatic cancer type. One of the most important characteristic features of PDAC is neuropathy which is primarily due to perineural invasion (PNI). PNI develops tumor microenvironment which includes overexpression of fibroblasts cells, macrophages, as well as angiogenesis which can be responsible for neuropathy pain...

ORF virus (ORFV) causes contagious ecthyma ("ORF"), a disease of sheep and goats characterized by lesions ranging from vesicles and pustules to atypical papilloma-like and angiomatous lesions in the skin and mucosae. The authors investigated the molecular factors leading to the ORF-associated atypical tumor-like changes. Fifteen lambs, 15 kids, and an adult ram clinically affected by natural ORFV infection were enrolled in the study and examined by several methods. ORFV was detected by viral culture or real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in the lesioned tissues and in the blood of the clinically affected sheep and goats...

Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) is a highly aggressive type of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma with a poor prognosis. Pyroptosis is a newly discovered procedural cell death mode, which has been implicated to occur in both tumor cells and immune cells. However, the occurrence and effect of pyroptosis on PTCL remain unclear. Here, we found that pyroptosis occurred in interstitial macrophages of PTCL rather than in tumor cells. In clinical specimens, macrophage pyroptosis was associated with a poor prognosis of PTCL...

Clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC), the most common subtype of renal cell carcinoma, has the high heterogeneity of a highly complex tumor microenvironment. Existing clinical intervention strategies, such as target therapy and immunotherapy, have failed to achieve good therapeutic effects. In this article, single-cell transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-seq) data from six patients downloaded from the GEO database were adopted to describe the tumor microenvironment (TME) of ccRCC, including its T cells, tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), endothelial cells (ECs), and cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs)...

A spectrum of immune states resulting from tumor resident macrophages and T-lymphocytes in the solid tumor microenvironment correlates with patient outcomes. We hypothesized that in gastric cancer (GC), macrophages in a polarized immunosuppressive transcriptional state would be prognostic of poor survival. We derived transcriptomic signatures for M2 (M2TS , MRC1 ; MS4A4A ; CD36 ; CCL13 ; CCL18 ; CCL23 ; SLC38A6 ; FGL2 ; FN1 ; MAF ) and M1 (M1TS , CCR7 ; IL2RA ; CXCL11 ; CCL19 ; CXCL10 ; PLA1A ; PTX3 ) macrophages, and cytolytic T-lymphocytes (CTLTS , GZMA ; GZMB ; GZMH ; GZMM ; PRF1 )...

This study aimed to elucidate the similarities and differences between amyloid-forming corpora amylacea (CA) in the prostate and lung, examine the nature of CAs in cystic tumors of the atrioventricular node (CTAVN), and clarify the distinctions between amyloid-forming CA and spheroid-type amyloid deposition. We conducted proteomics analyses using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with laser microdissection and immunohistochemistry to validate the characteristics of CAs in the lung and prostate...

Immuno-oncology has gained momentum with the approval of antibodies with clinical activities in different indications. Unfortunately, for anti-PD (L)1 agents in monotherapy, only half of the treated population achieves a clinical response. For other agents, such as anti-CTLA4 antibodies, no biomarkers exist, and tolerability can limit administration. In this study, using publicly available genomic datasets, we evaluated the expression of the macrophage scavenger receptor-A (SR-A) (MSR1) and its association with a response to check-point inhibitors (CPI)...

Only one-third of patients with advanced MSS/pMMR endometrial cancer exhibit a lasting response to the combination treatment of Pembrolizumab and Lenvatinib. The combined administration of these two drugs is based on Lenvatinib's ability to modulate the tumor microenvironment, enabling Pembrolizumab to exert its effect. These findings underscore the importance of exploring tumor microenvironment parameters to identify markers that can accurately select candidates for this type of therapy. An open non-randomized observational association study was conducted at six clinical centers, involving a total of 28 patients with advanced MSS/pMMR endometrial cancer who received Pembrolizumab and Lenvatinib therapy...

Evidence has been provided that circulating cancer-associated macrophage-like cell (CAM-L) numbers increase in response to chemotherapy, with an inverse trend compared to circulating tumor cells (CTCs). In the era of evolving cancer immunotherapy, whether CAM-Ls might have a potential role as predictive biomarkers of response has been unexplored. We evaluated whether a serial blood evaluation of CTC to CAM-L ratio might predict response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in a cohort of non-small-cell lung cancer patients...

The advancement of exosome studies has positioned engineered exosomes as crucial biomaterials for the development of advanced drug delivery systems. This study focuses on developing a hybrid exosome system by fusing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exosomes with folate-targeted liposomes. The aim was to improve the drug loading capacity and target modification of exosome nanocarriers for delivering the first-line chemotherapy drug paclitaxel (PTX) and its effectiveness was assessed through cellular uptake studies to evaluate its ability to deliver drugs to tumor cells in vitro...

Cancers reprogram macrophages (MΦs) to a tumor-growth-promoting TAM (tumor-associated MΦ) phenotype that is similar to the anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) enzymes regulate various aspects of MΦ biology, but their role in the development of TAM phenotype has not yet been investigated. Here, we show that the multispectral PARP inhibitor (PARPi) PJ34 and the PARP14 specific inhibitor MCD113 suppress the expression of M2 marker genes in IL-4-polarized primary murine MΦs, in THP-1 monocytic human MΦs, and in primary human monocyte-derived MΦs...

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive subtype of breast cancer, with a high degree of malignancy and poor prognosis. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have been identified as significant contributors to the growth and metastasis of TNBC through the secretion of various growth factors and chemokines. Salvianolic acid A (SAA) has been shown to have anti-cancer activities. However, the potential activity of SAA on re-polarized TAMs remains unclear. As there is a correlation between the TAMs and TNBC, this study investigates the effect of SAA on TAMs in the TNBC microenvironment...