Cardiotoxicity

The protein composition and toxinological profile of the venom of the African spitting elapid Hemachatus haemachatus (Ringhals) were characterized by bottom-up proteomics and functional in vitro and in vivo assays. Venom is composed of abundant three-finger toxins (3FTxs; 63.3%), followed by phospholipases A2 (PLA2 s; 22.8%), snake venom metalloproteinases (SVMPs 7.1%), cysteine-rich secretory proteins (CRISPs; 4.1%) and Kunitz type protease inhibitors (KTPIs; 1.5%). 3FTxs are the main responsible for lethality and myotoxicity in mice and in vitro anticoagulant activity...

Doxorubicin (DOX) is a widely used anticancer drug that could be even more effective if its clinical dosage was not limited because of delayed cardiotoxicity. Beating stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes are a preferred in vitro model to further uncover the mechanisms of DOX-induced cardiotoxicity. Our objective was to use cultured induced-pluripotent stem cell(iPSC)-derived mouse cardiomyocytes (Cor.At) to investigate the effects of DOX on cell and mitochondrial metabolism, as well as on stress responses. Non-proliferating and beating Cor...

OBJECTIVES: Cardiotoxicity with potential conduction/structural abnormalities on electrocardiogram (ECG) have been reported with anti-malarial (AM). We aimed to study whether cumulative AM is associated with ECG abnormalities. METHODS: A standard resting supine ECG was performed on consecutive patients attending the Lupus Clinic since 2012. ECG abnormalities were grouped into structural [left ventricular hypertrophy or atrial enlargement] and conduction abnormalities [prolonged corrected QT interval (QTc), short PR interval, left bundle branch block (LBBB), right bundle branch block (RBBB) and atrioventricular block (AVB), bradycardia, tachycardia, premature atrial complex, ectopic atrial rhythm, atrial fibrillation, premature ventricular complex and ventricular bigeminy]...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the cardiotoxicity indexes in children with malignant tumors after the administration of anthracycline (ANT) chemotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from 131 children with malignant tumors who were treated using ANT chemotherapy at our hospital from January 2011 to December 2015 were collected to analyze the serologic indexes (such as N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide [NT-proBNP] and isoenzyme of creatine kinase [CK-MB]) and changes in corrected QT interval(QT-c) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) before and after treatment with different ANT cumulative doses...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: This review describes cardiotoxicity associated with adoptive T cell therapy and immune checkpoint blockade. RECENT FINDINGS: Cardiotoxicity is a rare but potentially fatal complication associated with novel immunotherapies. Both affinity-enhanced and chimeric antigen receptor T cells have been reported to cause hypotension, arrhythmia, and left ventricular dysfunction, typically in the setting of cytokine release syndrome. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are generally well-tolerated but have the potential to cause myocarditis, with clinical presentations ranging from asymptomatic cardiac biomarker elevation to heart failure, arrhythmia, and cardiogenic shock...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: There is growing awareness of the link between oncology treatments and cardiovascular (CV) complications. This has led to the development of cardio-oncology, a specialty aimed at managing CV risk and disease in cancer patients and survivors. Cardiac arrhythmias are potential adverse CV complications of cancer treatments; however, these cardiotoxicities are often underappreciated due to the uncertain arrhythmogenic mechanisms of various chemotherapeutic agents. RECENT FINDINGS: Chemotherapeutic agents can induce arrhythmias via direct electrophysiological effects on ion channels or intracellular signaling pathways, or indirectly from cardiac tissue damage...

Chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity resulting in heart failure (HF) is one of the most dreaded complications of cancer therapy that can significantly impact morbidity and mortality. With a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease in cancer patients, the risk of developing HF is significantly increased. A new discipline of Onco-Cardiology has evolved to address the cardiovascular needs of patients with cancer, however, there is limited evidence-based data to guide clinical decision-making in the management of the cardiovascular complications of cancer therapy...

Phenytoin is a medication that is used primarily in the treatment of epilepsy as well as generalized tonic-clonic seizures and status epilepticus. Phenytoin is also considered a class IB antiarrhythmic medication by shortening the duration of the action potential and increasing myocardial conduction. The neurologic adverse effects of phenytoin are well-documented and include altered mental status, ataxia, and nystagmus. Some adverse cardiac manifestations have also been reported, including arrhythmias, hypotension, and respiratory arrest...

BACKGROUND: There is limited data on what is the minimum change that can be detected in cancer patients undergoing treatment with cardiotoxic drugs who are referred for monitoring left ventricular (LV) function. OBJECTIVE: To assess variability in the measurement of LV volumes and ejection fraction (EF) in contrast echocardiography and to determine the minimum detectable difference (MDD) between two EF measurements that can be deemed significant. METHODS: A total of 150 patients were divided into three groups according to EF (EF <53%, 53%-60%, and >60%)...

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Rosmarinus officialis L., Lamiaceae, has been traditionally used in Tunisia to treat several diseases. The aim of the present study is to analyze the cardiopreventive effect of Aqueous Extract of Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) Leaves (AERL) against oxidative stress induced by carbon tetrachloride in experimental mice. The current study was performed on female Wistar mice divided into four groups of seven animals each. Cardiotoxity was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of CCl4 (10ml/kg in 0.3 % olive oil) in mice which were gavaged daily with 100 mg of AERL for 15 days...

Cardiovascular (CV) toxicity associated with anti-cancer treatment is commonly encountered and raises critical problems that often result in serious morbidity or mortality. Most cardiac toxicities are related to the cumulative dose of chemotherapy; however, the type of chemotherapy, concomitant agents, and/or conventional CV risk factors have been frequently implicated in CV toxicity. Approximately half of the patients exhibiting CV toxicity receive an anthracycline-based regimen. Therefore, serologic biomarkers or cardiac imagings are important during anti-cancer treatment for early detection and the decision of appropriate management of cardiotoxicity...

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have shown that metabolism of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) in systemic blood is a potential surrogate biomarker for cardiovascular toxicity. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the acute effect of high dose of doxorubicin (DOX) on adenosine and ATP catabolism in systemic blood in vivo. METHOD: Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were each given either 10 mg/kg of DOX (n = 8) or normal saline (1 mL/kg, n = 11) twice daily for 4 doses by subcutaneous (sc) injection...

BACKGROUND: Twelve months treatment is the current standard of care for adjuvant trastuzumab in patients with HER2 positive early breast cancer however the optimal duration is not known. Persephone is a non-inferiority randomised controlled trial comparing 6- to 12-months of trastuzumab. In this trial there will be a trade-off between a possible small decrease in disease-free survival (DFS) with 6-months and reduced cardiotoxicity and cost. METHODS: A structured questionnaire asked clinicians who had recruited patients into the Persephone trial about their prior beliefs with regards to the clinical effectiveness of trastuzumab and cardiotoxicity profile, in the comparison of 6- and 12-month durations...

BACKGROUND: We have previously shown that intralipid (lipid emulsion) protects the heart against ischemia/reperfusion injury and bupivacaine-induced cardiotoxicity. However, the precise underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. Here we explored the hypothesis that free fatty acid receptor-1 or G-protein-coupled receptor 40 is expressed in the heart and that cardioprotective effects of lipid emulsion are mediated through G-protein-coupled receptor 40 in two animal models of ischemia/reperfusion injury and bupivacaine-induced cardiotoxicity...

Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based cardiac regenerative medicine requires the efficient generation, structural soundness and proper functioning of mature cardiomyocytes, derived from the patient's somatic cells. The most important functional property of cardiomyocytes is the ability to contract. Currently available methods routinely used to test and quantify cardiomyocyte function involve techniques that are labor-intensive, invasive, require sophisticated instruments or can adversely affect cell vitality...

This is the first time that cucurbit[7]uril and cucurbit[8]uril have been demonstrated to serve as synthetic receptors for a halonium guest species, diphenyleneiodonium, modulating its bioactivities and alleviating its cardiotoxicity, which further expands the onium family of guest molecules for cucurbit[n]uril family and provides new insights for halonium-cucurbit[n]uril host-guest chemistry and its potential applications in pharmaceutical chemistry.

Chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity is a growing concern. The cardiotoxic impact of new drugs such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors is unknown, especially the ones used for chronic myeloid leukemia. We aim to evaluate nilotinib- and imatinib-induced cardiotoxicity. Single-center prospective study of consecutive patients with chronic myeloid leukemia treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors was conducted during 2015. Patients underwent an initial clinical, laboratorial and echocardiographic evaluation, repeated after 1 year...

Tumour cells possess or acquire various mechanisms to circumvent the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapy drugs. One such mechanism involves the overexpression of ABC transporters that facilitate the extrusion of a variety of structurally distinct chemotherapy drugs from the cytoplasm into the extracellular space. While specific ABC transporter inhibitors have been developed, many affect other ABC transporters, particularly at elevated concentrations. It is also unclear whether they show clear efficacy for combatting drug resistance in cancer patients with minimal host toxicity...

BACKGROUND: Anthracycline cardiotoxicity can cause significant long-term morbidity in childhood cancer survivors (CCS), but many CCS do not manifest clinical symptoms until adulthood. The aims of this study were to characterize the dynamic myocardial response to exercise of CCS at long-term follow-up by combining semisupine bicycle exercise stress echocardiography with myocardial imaging techniques and to establish whether semisupine bicycle exercise stress echocardiography could identify CCS with abnormal exercise response...