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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Brian J Lopresti, Jeffrey Stehouwer, Alexandria C Reese, Neale S Mason, Sarah K Royse, Rajesh Narendran, Charles M Laymon, Oscar L Lopez, Ann D Cohen, Chester A Mathis, Victor L Villemagne
This paper describes pharmacokinetic analyses of the monoamine-oxidase-B (MAO-B) radiotracer [18 F]( S )-(2-methylpyrid-5-yl)-6-[(3-fluoro-2-hydroxy)propoxy]quinoline ([18 F]SMBT-1) for positron emission tomography (PET) brain imaging. Brain MAO-B expression is widespread, predominantly within astrocytes. Reactive astrogliosis in response to neurodegenerative disease pathology is associated with MAO-B overexpression. Fourteen elderly subjects (8 control, 5 mild cognitive impairment, 1 Alzheimer's disease) with amyloid ([11 C]PiB) and tau ([18 F]flortaucipir) imaging assessments underwent dynamic [18 F]SMBT-1 PET imaging with arterial input function determination...
May 12, 2024: Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kevin P Kotredes, Ravi S Pandey, Scott Persohn, Kierra Elderidge, Charles P Burton, Ethan W Miner, Kathryn A Haynes, Diogo Francisco S Santos, Sean-Paul Williams, Nicholas Heaton, Cynthia M Ingraham, Christopher Lloyd, Dylan Garceau, Rita O'Rourke, Sarah Herrick, Claudia Rangel-Barajas, Surendra Maharjan, Nian Wang, Michael Sasner, Bruce T Lamb, Paul R Territo, Stacey J Sukoff Rizzo, Gregory W Carter, Gareth R Howell, Adrian L Oblak
INTRODUCTION: MODEL-AD (Model Organism Development and Evaluation for Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease) is creating and distributing novel mouse models with humanized, clinically relevant genetic risk factors to capture the trajectory and progression of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) more accurately. METHODS: We created the LOAD2 model by combining apolipoprotein E4 (APOE4), Trem2*R47H, and humanized amyloid-beta (Aβ). Mice were subjected to a control diet or a high-fat/high-sugar diet (LOAD2+HFD)...
May 12, 2024: Alzheimer's & Dementia: the Journal of the Alzheimer's Association
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Erica H Hinton, Morgan T Busboom, Christine M Embury, Rachel K Spooner, Tony W Wilson, Max J Kurz
Prior research has shown that the sensorimotor cortical oscillations are uncharacteristic in persons with cerebral palsy (CP); however, it is unknown if these altered cortical oscillations have an impact on adaptive sensorimotor control. This investigation evaluated the cortical dynamics when the motor action needs to be changed "on-the-fly". Adults with CP and neurotypical controls completed a sensorimotor task that required either proactive or reactive control while undergoing magnetoencephalography (MEG)...
May 11, 2024: Scientific Reports
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mohamed Musthafa M, Mahesh T R, Vinoth Kumar V, Suresh Guluwadi
This study addresses the critical challenge of detecting brain tumors using MRI images, a pivotal task in medical diagnostics that demands high accuracy and interpretability. While deep learning has shown remarkable success in medical image analysis, there remains a substantial need for models that are not only accurate but also interpretable to healthcare professionals. The existing methodologies, predominantly deep learning-based, often act as black boxes, providing little insight into their decision-making process...
May 11, 2024: BMC Medical Imaging
#5
REVIEW
Wenxia Li, Jun Meng, Jing Lei, Cheng Li, Wei Yue
BACKGROUND: Carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning is now one of the leading causes of poisoning-related mortality worldwide. The central nervous system is the most vulnerable structure in acute CO poisoning. MRI is of great significance in the diagnosis and prognosis of CO toxic encephalopathy. The imaging features of CO poisoning are diverse. We report atypical hippocampal lesions observed on MRI in four patients after acute CO exposure. CASE PRESENTATIONS: We report four patients who presented to the emergency department with loss of consciousness...
May 11, 2024: BMC Neurology
#6
REVIEW
Janice Chen, Aaron M Bornstein
Many human behavioral and brain imaging studies have used narratively structured stimuli (e.g., written, audio, or audiovisual stories) to better emulate real-world experience in the laboratory. However, narratives are a special class of real-world experience, largely defined by their causal connections across time. Much contemporary neuroscience research does not consider this key property. We review behavioral and neuroscientific work that speaks to how causal structure shapes comprehension of and memory for narratives...
May 10, 2024: Trends in Cognitive Sciences
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sultan A Meo, Abdulelah A AbuKhalaf, Muhammad Zain S Meo, Muhammad Omair S Meo, Rashid Ayub, Riham A ElToukhy, Adnan M Usmani, Waseem M Hajjar
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the role of artificial intelligence (Google Bard) in figures, scans, and image identifications and interpretations in medical education and healthcare sciences through an Objective Structured Practical Examination (OSPE) type of performance. METHODS: The OSPE type of question bank was created with a pool of medical sciences figures, scans, and images. For assessment, 60 figures, scans and images were selected and entered into the given area of the Google Bard to evaluate the knowledge level...
May 2024: Saudi Medical Journal
#8
REVIEW
F Avry, C Rousseau, F Kraeber-Bodéré, M Bourgeois, N Arlicot
Translocator protein (TSPO) is involved in several cellular mechanisms such as steroidogenesis, immunomodulation, cell proliferation and differentiation. Overexpressed in several neurodegenerative diseases and brain cancer, TSPO radioligands have been developed over the last 20 years in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. Recently, TSPO radioligands have extended beyond their initial application due to their specific binding to activated macrophages, making them a compelling biomarker for deciphering the intricacies of the tumor microenvironment (TME)...
May 9, 2024: Biochimie
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Claudia Schwarz, Carol E Franz, William S Kremen, Eero Vuoksimaa
We tested if cognitive and brain reserve and maintenance explain individual differences in episodic memory and other cognitive domains from late middle to early older adulthood. We used The Vietnam Era Twin Study of Aging data (n=1604 men) with episodic memory measured at mean ages of 56, 62 and 68 years, and magnetic resonance imaging data for a subsample of participants (n=321). Cognitive reserve -young adult general cognitive ability at a mean age of 20 years and, to a lesser degree, educational attainment- was positively related to episodic memory performance at each assessment, but not to memory change...
May 1, 2024: Neurobiology of Aging
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nora R Jandhyala, Mekka R Garcia, Monica Kim, Kaleb Yohay, Devorah Segal
BACKGROUND: Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is a multisystemic autosomal dominant disorder that includes intracranial lesions such as unidentified bright objects (UBOs)-areas of increased T2 signal on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-and tumors known as gliomas. The presence of these lesions in the corpus callosum (CC) has not been previously studied in a large cohort. METHODS: We reviewed medical records of 681 patients (aged three months to 86 years) followed at our institution from 2000 to 2023 with NF1 and one or more brain MRI...
April 17, 2024: Pediatric Neurology
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ying Liu, Binbin Nie, Bing Wu, Shuai Wang, Qiaozhi Ma, Tao Han, Feng Wang, Han Meng, Hao Xie, Xuetao Mu
BACKGROUND: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) affects the microstructure of white matter in preterm infants, but its influence on the changes of the brain structural network has not been elaborated. This study aims to investigate the connectivity characteristics of the brain structural network of BPD by using diffusion tensor imaging. METHODS: Thirty-three infants with BPD and 26 infants without BPD were enrolled in this study. Brain structural networks were constructed utilizing automated anatomic labeling mapping by tracing the fibers between each pair of regions in individual space...
April 20, 2024: Pediatric Neurology
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anuj Kumar Sharma, Francesco Randi, Sandeep Kumar, Sophie Dvali, Andrew M Leifer
Genetically encoded optical indicators and actuators of neural activity allow for all-optical investigations of signaling in the nervous system. But commonly used indicators, actuators and expression strategies are poorly suited for systematic measurements of signal propagation at brain scale and cellular resolution. Large scale measurements of the brain require indicators and actuators with compatible excitation spectra to avoid optical crosstalk. They must be highly expressed in every neuron but at the same time avoid lethality and permit the animal to reach adulthood...
May 11, 2024: Genetics
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
D D Namestnikova, E A Cherkashova, I S Gumin, V P Chekhonin, K N Yarygin, I L Gubskiy
In translational animal study aimed at evaluation of the effectiveness of innovative methods for treating cerebral stroke, including regenerative cell technologies, of particular importance is evaluation of the dynamics of changes in the volume of the cerebral infarction in response to therapy. Among the methods for assessing the focus of infarction, MRI is the most effective and convenient tool for use in preclinical studies. This review provides a description of MR pulse sequences used to visualize cerebral ischemia at various stages of its development, and a detailed description of the MR semiotics of cerebral infarction...
May 11, 2024: Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eileen Luders, Christian Gaser, Debra Spencer, Ajay Thankamony, Ieuan Hughes, Helen Simpson, Umasuthan Srirangalingam, Helena Gleeson, Melissa Hines, Florian Kurth
Previous studies have reported sex differences in cortical gyrification. Since most cortical folding is principally defined in utero, sex chromosomes as well as gonadal hormones are likely to influence sex-specific aspects of local gyrification. Classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) causes high levels of androgens during gestation in females, whereas levels in males are largely within the typical male range. Therefore, CAH provides an opportunity to study the possible effects of prenatal androgens on cortical gyrification...
May 11, 2024: European Journal of Neuroscience
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Minghao Chen, Yingchun Zhou
Causal mediation analysis is increasingly abundant in biology, psychology, and epidemiology studies and so forth. In particular, with the advent of the big data era, the issue of high-dimensional mediators is becoming more prevalent. In neuroscience, with the widespread application of magnetic resonance technology in the field of brain imaging, studies on image being a mediator emerged. In this study, a novel causal mediation analysis method with a three-dimensional image mediator is proposed. We define the average casual effects under the potential outcome framework, explore several sufficient conditions for the valid identification, and develop techniques for estimation and inference...
May 11, 2024: Statistics in Medicine
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Daniel Freinhofer, Philipp Schwartenbeck, Natasha Thon, Wolfgang Aichhorn, Melanie Lenger, Friedrich M Wurst, Martin Kronbichler
Impaired decision-making is often displayed by individuals suffering from gambling disorder (GD). Since there are a variety of different phenomena influencing decision-making, we focused in this study on the effects of GD on neural and behavioural processes related to loss aversion and choice difficulty. Behavioural responses as well as brain images of 23 patients with GD and 20 controls were recorded while they completed a mixed gambles task, where they had to decide to either accept or reject gambles with different amounts of potential gain and loss...
May 2024: Addiction Biology
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Antonio Cuccaro, Angela Dell'Aversano, Bruno Basile, Maria Antonia Maisto, Raffaele Solimene
In this contribution, a wearable microwave imaging system for real-time monitoring of brain stroke in the post-acute stage is described and validated. The system exploits multistatic/multifrequency (only 50 frequency samples) data collected via a low-cost and low-complexity architecture. Data are collected by an array of only 16 antennas moved by pneumatic system. Phantoms, built from ABS material and filled with appropriate Triton X-100-based mixtures to mimic the different head human tissues, are employed for the experiments...
April 30, 2024: Sensors
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Gaia Bonassi, Mingqi Zhao, Jessica Samogin, Dante Mantini, Roberta Marchese, Luciano Contrino, Paola Tognetti, Martina Putzolu, Alessandro Botta, Elisa Pelosin, Laura Avanzino
Walking encompasses a complex interplay of neuromuscular coordination and cognitive processes. Disruptions in gait can impact personal independence and quality of life, especially among the elderly and neurodegenerative patients. While traditional biomechanical analyses and neuroimaging techniques have contributed to understanding gait control, they often lack the temporal resolution needed for rapid neural dynamics. This study employs a mobile brain/body imaging (MoBI) platform with high-density electroencephalography (hd-EEG) to explore event-related desynchronization and synchronization (ERD/ERS) during overground walking...
April 30, 2024: Sensors
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fusheng Cui, Huihui Li, Yi Cao, Weijing Wang, Dongfeng Zhang
Few studies have examined dietary protein intake and sources, in combination with longitudinal changes in brain structure markers. Our study aimed to examine the association between dietary protein intake and different sources of dietary protein, with the longitudinal rate of change in brain structural markers. A total of 2723 and 2679 participants from the UK Biobank were separately included in the analysis. The relative and absolute amounts of dietary protein intake were calculated using a 24 h dietary recall questionnaire...
April 25, 2024: Nutrients
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marc Dörner, Katharina Seebach, Michael T Heneka, Inga Menze, Roland von Känel, Sebastian Euler, Frank Schreiber, Philipp Arndt, Katja Neumann, Annkatrin Hildebrand, Anna-Charlotte John, Anthony Tyndall, Johannes Kirchebner, Pawel Tacik, Robin Jansen, Alexander Grimm, Solveig Henneicke, Valentina Perosa, Sven G Meuth, Oliver Peters, Julian Hellmann-Regen, Lukas Preis, Josef Priller, Eike Jakob Spruth, Anja Schneider, Klaus Fliessbach, Jens Wiltfang, Frank Jessen, Ayda Rostamzadeh, Wenzel Glanz, Jan Ben Schulze, Sarah Lavinia Florence Schiebler, Katharina Buerger, Daniel Janowitz, Robert Perneczky, Boris-Stephan Rauchmann, Stefan Teipel, Ingo Kilimann, Christoph Laske, Matthias H Munk, Annika Spottke, Nina Roy-Kluth, Michael Wagner, Ingo Frommann, Falk Lüsebrink, Peter Dechent, Stefan Hetzer, Klaus Scheffler, Luca Kleineidam, Melina Stark, Matthias Schmid, Ersin Ersözlü, Frederic Brosseron, Michael Ewers, Björn H Schott, Emrah Düzel, Gabriel Ziegler, Hendrik Mattern, Stefanie Schreiber, Jose Bernal
Inferior frontal sulcal hyperintensities (IFSHs) on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) sequences have been proposed to be indicative of glymphatic dysfunction. Replication studies in large and diverse samples are nonetheless needed to confirm them as an imaging biomarker. We investigated whether IFSHs were tied to Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology and cognitive performance. We used data from 361 participants along the AD continuum, who were enrolled in the multicentre DELCODE study. The IFSHs were rated visually based on FLAIR magnetic resonance imaging...
April 30, 2024: Diagnostics
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