Liver, brain, cancer, surgery, liver disease,

BACKGROUND: Microvascular visualization is crucial in understanding the mechanisms of several pathologies. For instance, visualization of the tumor microenvironment is important in understanding angiogenesis and role in cancer progression. Visualization would provide insights to cancer diagnosis, predicting metastatic growth, and evaluating therapeutic protocols. Similarly, understanding the microvascular network could be beneficial for study of degenerative diseases and tissue repair...

BACKGROUND: In the randomized phase II REGOMA trial, regorafenib showed promising activity in patients with recurrent glioblastoma. We conducted a large, multicenter, prospective, observational study to confirm the REGOMA data in a real-world setting. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The major inclusion criteria were histologically confirmed diagnosis of glioblastoma according to the World Health Organization (WHO) 2016 classification and relapse after radiotherapy with concurrent/adjuvant temozolomide treatment, good performance status [Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (ECOG PS 0-1)] and good liver function...

BACKGROUND: Lung metastasis is a significant adverse predictor of prognosis in patients with breast cancer. Accurate estimation for the prognosis of patients with lung metastasis and population-based validation for the models are lacking. In the present study, we aimed to establish the nomogram to identify prognostic factors correlated with lung metastases and evaluate individualized survival in patients with lung metastasis based on SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) database...

Metastatic lesions to the jaws are rare. The oral sites to which metastasis most commonly occur are the jaws, the gingiva, and the tongue. Lower jaw is a more frequent site of metastasis compared to the upper jaw with posterior areas (ramus, body) that are more prone to the deposition of cancerous cells due to presence of hematopoietic bone marrow, subdivision of local blood vessels and reduced velocity of blood flow. In fact, the formation of secondary foci of tumor colonization occurs by hematogenous dissemination of tumor emboli, that accumulate in regions with larger amounts of bone marrow and low circulatory velocity...

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer with bone metastasis has significant invasiveness and markedly poorer prognosis. The purpose of this study is to establish two nomograms for predicting the overall survival (OS) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) of prostate cancer patients with bone metastasis. METHODS: From January 2000 to December 2018, a total of 2683 prostate adenocarcinoma with bone metastasis patients were identified from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) database...

Metastasis of lung cancer to the skin is uncommon, presenting in 0.22% to 12% of lung cancer patients, and it is extremely rare for skin metastasis to be the first clinical manifestation of lung cancer. In the few cases where skin metastasis has been reported as the first sign of lung cancer, the patients were typically heavy smokers or had preexisting respiratory diseases and symptoms. This prompted clinicians to consider skin metastasis of a pulmonary malignancy. Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma (LCNEC) is a rare type of lung cancer that accounts for approximately 3% of lung cancers...

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Lung cancer is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and common sites of metastasis are to brain, liver, adrenal glands, and bones [1]. Metastasis to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is extremely rare (<1%) and the most common site is the small intestine [5]. CASE PRESENTATION: A 60-year-old female referred for intermittent colicky abdominal pain and diarrhoea, with cross-sectional imaging showing a distal small bowel mass with lymphadenopathy...

BACKGROUND: The impact of surgical resection of primary (PTR) on the survival of breast cancer (BC) patients with bone metastasis (BM) has been preliminarily investigated, but it remains unclear which patients are suitable for this procedure. Finally, this study aims to develop a predictive model to screen BC patients with BM who would benefit from local surgery. METHODS: BC patients with BM were identified using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (2010 and 2015), and 39 patients were obtained for external validation from an Asian medical center...

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) accounts for more than 90% of cases of malignant kidney tumors and represents 2-3% of all malignancies worldwide. Clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the most common type of RCC, comprising 70-80% of cases. RCC most commonly metastasizes to the lungs, bones, lymph nodes, liver, adrenal glands, and brain. Synchronous metastasis of RCC to the ipsilateral ureter represents an extremely rare event. Ureteral metastasis is a significant diagnostic challenge, since it is quite difficult to determine whether it has metastatic origin (RCC) or it is a primary urothelial tumor...

Gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN) includes several rare malignant diseases occurring after pregnancy: invasive moles, choriocarcinoma, placental site trophoblastic tumours, and epithelioid trophoblastic tumours. Multidisciplinary protocols including multi-agent chemotherapy, surgery, and occasionally radiotherapy achieve good outcomes for some high-risk metastatic patients. In this narrative review of the published studies on the topic, we have tried to identify the role of radiotherapy. The available studies are mainly small, old, and retrospective, with incomplete data regarding radiotherapy protocols delivering low doses (which can make this disease appear radioresistant in some cases despite high response rates with palliative doses) to wide fields (whole-brain, whole-liver, etc...

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S): Oligometastatic disease is an intermediate state between locoregional disease and widely metastatic disease. Studies have shown an overall survival advantage in oligometastatic patients treated aggressively in multiple cancers. However, few studies have explored this relationship in oligometastatic gynecological cancers. In this study, we sought to identify if an oligometastatic state with improved overall survival exists in uterine cancer and whether treatment patterns, or patient factors play a role in survival...

Brain metastasis is most common in primary non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and some patients require neurosurgical resection for intracranial disease control. Because advances in systemic therapies for metastatic NSCLC have been developed in the past decade, we aimed to analyze and determine clinical factors associated with the postresection survival of NSCLC patients with brain metastasis who underwent neurosurgery followed by systemic therapy. Between January 2017 and December 2021, data for 93 NSCLC patients with brain metastasis treated with neurosurgery followed by systemic therapy at Linkou, Kaohsiung and Chiayi Chang Gung Memorial Hospitals were retrospectively retrieved for analysis...

The most common sites of metastasis for breast cancer are the soft tissues, bones, lungs, liver and brain; however, metastases to the gastrointestinal tract and thyroid gland from breast cancer rarely occur. The present study describes the case of a 30-year-old woman who developed gastric and thyroid metastases 5 years after her initial diagnosis of invasive ductal breast carcinoma. The initial pathological diagnosis when receiving modified radical mastectomy was invasive ductal carcinoma, and further immunohistochemical examination revealed the cancer to be estrogen receptor (-), progesterone receptor (-), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2; ++) and Ki-67 (70%)...

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Although lung cancer can metastasize to various organs such as the liver, lymph nodes, adrenal gland, bone, and brain, metastases to the digestive organs, especially the colon, are rare. CASE SUMMARY: An 83-year-old man diagnosed with lung cancer received radiation and chemoimmunotherapy, resulting in a complete clinical response. One year after the initial lung cancer diagnosis, the patient presented with obstructive ileus caused by a tumor in the descending colon...

UNLABELLED: Primary lung cancer is the leading cause of mortality worldwide. The major sites of lung cancer metastasis are the bones, liver, brain, lung, and adrenal glands. However, secondary localizations in the genital tract are extremely rare. CASE PRESENTATION: The authors report the case of a 36-year-old woman who consulted for a right scapular swelling evolving for 4 months associated with a chronic cough. Clinical examination showed a hard fixed right scapular mass with any inflammatory signs...

PURPOSE: The study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics, prognostic factors, survival times, and therapy outcomes of brain metastases (BM) from colorectal cancer (CRC). METHODS: The clinical characteristics of 25 patients with BM from CRC were retrospectively analyzed. The time of the occurrence of BM after diagnosis of CRC was recorded. Meanwhile, the time from the occurrence of lung, bone, liver, and other extracranial metastases to the occurrence of BM was also recorded...

Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is an unpredictable malignancy, with 25%-30% of patients developing metastatic disease. The most common sites of metastasis are the lung, bones, liver and brain, with small intestine metastasis being minimally reported in the literature. This report describes a case of small bowel obstruction caused by metastatic RCC in a male patient in his 60 s who had previously undergone a radical nephrectomy with adjuvant pembrolizumab therapy 6 years prior. The patient underwent a diagnostic laparoscopy converted to a laparotomy due to the complexity of the case...

BACKGROUND: Acinic cell carcinoma (AciCC) comprises 6-7% of all salivary gland neoplasms and is the second most common salivary gland malignancy in children. Like many salivary gland carcinomas, it is considered low grade but occasionally it behaves aggressively. Understanding the risk factors associated with recurrence, metastasis, and death is important to determine the counseling and management of individual patients. Older population-based studies are presumed to have been confounded by the misclassification of other neoplasms as AciCC, in particular secretory carcinoma and cystadenocarcinoma...

BACKGROUND: The risk and prognosis of young breast cancer (YBC) with liver metastases (YBCLM) remain unclear. Thus, this study aimed to determine the risk and prognostic factors in these patients and construct predictive nomogram models. METHODS: This population-based retrospective study was conducted using data of YBCLM patients from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database between 2010 and 2019. Multivariate logistic and Cox regression analyses were used to identify independent risk and prognostic factors, which were used to construct the diagnostic and prognostic nomograms...

OBJECTIVE: Intramedullary spinal cord metastases(ISCM)are very rare in patients with breast cancer and have a poor prognosis with no established treatment. We report a case of ISCM in a patient with HER2-positive breast cancer who was successfully treated with a novel anti-HER2 agent, trastuzumab deruxtecan(T-DXd, ENHERTU®). CASE: The patient was a 44- year-old woman who underwent surgery for right breast cancer. T-DXd was introduced as the fourth-line metastatic treatment for multiple metastases, including liver, bone, pituitary, brain, and spinal cord metastases...