Health numeracy

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between various forms of child nutritional disorders and early childhood development in Bangladesh. DESIGN: We analysed data from the nationally representative cross-sectional 2019 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey. Early childhood development was evaluated using the Early Childhood Development Index (ECDI), which comprised 10 yes-or-no questions across four domains: literacy-numeracy, physical well-being, socio-emotional development, and learning abilities...

BACKGROUND: Why Puerto Rican youths have higher rates of severe asthma exacerbations (SAEs) than their non-Hispanic White peers is unclear. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to identify risk factors associated with recurrent SAEs in Puerto Rican youths with asthma. METHODS: We performed cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of recurrent SAEs in 209 Puerto Rican youths with asthma who participated in 2 cross-sectional studies approximately 5.2 years apart: the Puerto Rico Genetics of Asthma and Lifestyle study (visit 1, participants aged 6-14 years) and the Epigenetic Variation and Childhood Asthma in Puerto Ricans study (visit 2, participants aged 9-20 years)...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of different doses of prophylactic dextrose gel on neurocognitive function and health at 6-7 years. DESIGN: Early school-age follow-up of the pre-hPOD (hypoglycaemia Prevention with Oral Dextrose) study. SETTING: Schools and communities. PATIENTS: Children born at ≥35 weeks with ≥1 risk factor for neonatal hypoglycaemia: maternal diabetes, small or large for gestational age, or late preterm...

BACKGROUND: Given the complementary roles of health professionals and journalists in communicating health risks to patients and the public, there have been calls for physicians to work with journalists to improve the quality of health information received by the public. Understanding the preferences of medical and journalism students for the way in which health risks are communicated and their understanding of words used to describe risk is an important first step to inform interdisciplinary learning...

Assessment of (digital) health literacy in the hospital can raise staff awareness and facilitate tailored communication, leading to improved health outcomes. Assessment tools should ideally address multiple domains of health literacy, fit to the complex hospital context and have a short administration time, to enable routine assessment. This review aims to create an overview of tools for measuring (digital) health literacy in hospitals. A search in Scopus, PubMed, WoS and CINAHL, following PRISMA guidelines, generated 7252 hits; 251 studies were included in which 44 assessment tools were used...

BACKGROUND: We aimed to identify long-term patterns of sport participation (overall, team, and individual sport) from childhood into adolescence, and to examine the association between these patterns and academic outcomes. METHODS: This cohort study used data from the Longitudinal Study of Australian Children in wave 3 (4-5 y) to wave 9 (20-21 y). The participants were a nationally representative sample of 4241 children. We conducted latent class analyses to identify sport participation trajectories and assessed the association between these trajectories and academic outcomes...

PURPOSE: Statistical literacy is the ability of a patient to apply basic statistical concepts to their health care. Understanding statistics is a critical component of shared decision making. The purpose of this investigation was to define levels of statistical literacy in an upper-extremity (UE) patient population. We aimed to determine if patient demographics would be associated with statistical literacy. METHODS: An electronic survey was administered to a consecutive series of UE patients at a single institution...

RATIONALE & OBJECTIVE: Few older adults with kidney failure engage in shared decision-making (SDM) for kidney replacement therapy. Absence of instruments assessing SDM-relevant knowledge domains may contribute to this. We assessed the reliability and validity of a new instrument, the Rating of CKD Knowledge Older Adults (Know-CKD). STUDY DESIGN: Multi-stage process, including a stakeholder-engaged development phase, pilot testing, and validation of a knowledge instrument using a cross-sectional survey of older adults with CKD...

OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to explore the relationship between baseline different sarcopenia statuses combined with different depression statuses and long-term cognitive functions. METHODS: Finally, a total of 4289 individuals aged 50 years or older from wave 2 to wave 8 of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe were included in this study. The generalized estimated equation model was used to explore the baseline effect of depression with sarcopenia on long-term cognitive function...

BACKGROUND: The deluge of COVID-19 misinformation makes people confused, and acting on such misinformation can kill, leading to the tragic outcome of death. This makes it necessary to identify significant factors associated with college students' susceptibility. OBJECTIVE: This descriptive study sought to ascertain factors significantly associated with college students' susceptibility to online COVID-19 misinformation. METHODS: To assess college students' susceptibility to COVID-19 misinformation, we first chose as independent variables some demographic information, some well-developed, validated literacy tools, and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Items...

OBJECTIVE: To explore factors associated with communication and information-seeking after receipt of skin cancer prevention information among Hispanic individuals. METHODS: Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze existing data on demographics, personal experience, salience, and beliefs variables collected from Hispanic individuals to determine independent associations with sharing and seeking information about skin cancer prevention. RESULTS: Of 578 participants, 53% reported any communication about skin cancer prevention behaviors or skin cancer genetic risk; and 31% and 21% sought additional information about preventive behaviors or genetic risk, respectively...

OBJECTIVE: Diabetes knowledge is associated with health, including lower A1C levels. The Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire (DKQ-24), developed 30 years ago for Mexican Americans with type 2 diabetes and since used with diverse samples in many countries, contains outdated items that no longer accurately assess current knowledge needed for diabetes self-management. We revised the DKQ-24 and tested psychometric properties of the DKQ-Revised (DKQ-R) with a diverse sample. METHODS: We conducted a five-phase instrumentation study as follows: 1 ) DKQ-24 items were revised to reflect current diabetes care standards; 2 ) the Delphi method was used to evaluate the DKQ-R's content validity ( n = 5 experts); 3 ) cognitive interviews were conducted with people with type 2 diabetes ( n = 5) to assess their interpretations of DKQ-R items; 4 ) cross-sectional administration of the DKQ-R to adults with type 2 diabetes was carried out to assess internal consistency reliability and convergent validity; and 5 ) an item analysis was conducted using discrimination index and point biserial analysis...

High blood pressure is associated with an elevated risk of dementia. However, much less is known about how high blood pressure is related to cognitive deficits in domains including episodic memory, semantic verbal fluency, fluid reasoning, and numerical ability. By analyzing data from 337 participants (57.39% female) with a history of clinical high blood pressure diagnosis with a mean age of 48.78 ± 17.06 years and 26,707 healthy controls (58.75% female) with a mean age of 45.30 ± 15.92 years using a predictive normative modeling approach and one-sample t-tests, the current study found that people with high blood pressure have impaired immediate (t(259) = -4...

AIMS: There is a paucity of efficient processes for collecting information in a primary care setting to connect patients afflicted with type 2 diabetes to valuable resources. The objective of this research project was to develop a Comprehensive Diabetes Assessment (CDA) instrument which could be used to assess patients' barriers to best outcomes. METHODS: We reviewed published literature and online compilations for validated tools assessing threats to optimal diabetes self-management...

IMPORTANCE: Birth at 39 weeks' gestation is common and thought to be safe for mother and neonate. However, findings of long-term outcomes for children born at this gestational age have been conflicting. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association of birth at 39 weeks' gestation with childhood numeracy and literacy scores at ages 7 to 9 years compared with birth at 40 to 42 weeks' gestation. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: In this Australian statewide, population-based cohort study using a causal inference framework based on target trial emulation, perinatal data on births between January 1, 2005, and December 31, 2011, were linked to educational outcomes at 7 to 9 years of age...

BACKGROUND: Tungiasis, a neglected tropical parasitosis, disproportionately affects children. Few empirical studies have reported neurocognitive and mental health outcomes of children with ectoparasitic skin diseases like tungiasis. Pathophysiology of tungiasis suggests it could detrimentally affect cognition and behaviour. This study pioneered the investigation of neurocognitive and mental health outcomes in children with tungiasis. METHODS: This was a multi-site cross-sectional study including 454 quasi-randomly sampled school-children aged 8-14 from 48 randomly selected schools in two counties in Kenya and a district in Uganda...

BACKGROUND: Health literacy (HL) is a determinant of health and important for autonomous decision-making. Migrants are at high risk for limited HL. Improving HL is important for equitable promotion of migrants' health. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effectiveness of interventions for improving HL in migrants. To assess whether female or male migrants respond differently to the identified interventions. SEARCH METHODS: We ran electronic searches to 2 February 2022 in CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, PsycInfo and CINAHL...

BACKGROUND: Multiple studies have highlighted the inequities minority and Indigenous children face when accessing health care. Health and wellbeing are positively impacted when Indigenous children are educated and receive care in their maternal language. However, less is known about the association between minority or Indigenous language use and child development risks and outcomes. In this study, we provide global estimates of development risks and assess the associations between minority or Indigenous language status and early child development using the ten-item Early Child Development Index (ECDI), a tool widely used for global population assessments in children aged 3-4 years...

Over 55 million people live with dementia worldwide. With 40% of modifiable risk factors estimated to contribute to dementia, the potential for prevention is high, and preventive measures, at an early stage of cognitive decline, are likely to positively influence future dementia trends. Countries need reliable health data and adequate measurement tools to quantify, monitor and track early changes in cognitive capacity in the general population. Many cognitive tests exist; however, there is no consensus to date about which instruments should be employed, and important variations in measurement have been observed...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to validate the Literacy Assessment for Diabetes (LAD), the Diabetes Numeracy Test (DNT), and the Simplified Diabetes Knowledge Test (DKT) in the Arabic language and context. METHODS: Three hundred eighty four, ≥18-year-old patients with type 1, type 2, or gestational diabetes mellitus were recruited from 3 endocrinology clinics in the United Arab Emirates. Exploratory factor analysis using principal component was performed...