Nutrition child

BACKGROUND: There is limited evidence on recent trends in childhood growth trajectories in Low-/middle-income countries. We investigated how age-trajectories for height and Body Mass Index (BMI) have changed among Brazilian children born in two different time periods after 2000. METHODS: We used a population-based cohort (part of the "Cohort of 100-Million Brazilians") created by the linkage of three Brazilian administrative databases: the Cadastro Único of the Federal Government, the National System of Live Births and the National Nutritional and Food Surveillance System...

BACKGROUND: Cytogenetics and association studies showed that folate gene polymorphisms can increase the risk of chromosomal nondisjunction and aneuploidies. The folate-metabolizing gene polymorphisms in Down syndrome mothers (DSM) have been assessed in a variety of populations. Reduced folate carrier 1 ( RFC1 ) and cystathionine beta-synthase ( CBS ) are key enzymes in folate metabolism. OBJECTIVE: 2 common polymorphisms, CBS 844ins68 and RFC1 A80G, were analyzed to determine their probable risk for having Down syndrome (DS) babies in young mothers of Khuzestan province, Iran...

Evidence from previous studies suggests a strong association between pediatric undernutrition and maternal stature. However, there's a scarcity of evidence regarding the relationship between maternal stature and pediatric coexisting forms of malnutrition (CFM). This study examined the prevalence and trends of CFM at the individual, household, and community levels, using data from the Demographic & Health Surveys (DHS) of Pakistan. Furthermore, this study assessed the association between pediatric CFM and short maternal stature while adjusting for multiple covariates...

In the current study, we aimed to review the evidence from twin and family-based studies that have assessed the familial similarity in intakes of energy and macronutrients among various parent-child pairs. The online literature databases, including Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus, were searched up to December 2022 to find potentially eligible studies. We converted Pearson's, Spearman's, or intra-class correlation coefficients to z's using Fisher's z transformation to obtain approximate normality and then calculated a mean and standard error (SE) of transformed correlation weighted by the sample sizes in the studies...

Parental feeding practices, such as the use of food to soothe, can be shaped by various factors, including the family environment and parents' psychological characteristics and capacities. To our knowledge, the combined effect of these factors has not been studied. Furthermore, parental feeding practices have mainly been studied in women, resulting in a gender gap in the research. This study aims to investigate the combined effect of family environment and parental characteristics on the likelihood of using food to soothe children, taking the gender of both parents into account...

Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) remains a major global public health problem. SAM cases are treated using ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF) at a dosage of ∼200 kcal/kg/day per the standard treatment protocol (STD). Emerging evidence on simplifications to the standard protocol, which among other adaptations, includes reducing the daily RUTF dosage, indicates that it is effective and safe for treating children with SAM. In response to a foreseen stock shortage of RUTF, the government of Afghanistan endorsed the temporary use of a modified treatment protocol in which the daily RUTF dosage was prescribed at 1000 kcal/day (irrespective of body weight) until the child achieved moderate acute malnutrition status (weight-for-height z-score ≥ -3 or mid-upper arm circumference [MUAC] ≥ 115 mm), at which point 500 kcal/day was prescribed until cured (modified treatment protocol [MTP])...

BACKGROUND: Sub-Saharan Africa is the region with the highest under-five mortality rate globally. Child healthcare decisions should be based on rigorously developed evidence-informed guidelines. The Global Evidence, Local Adaptation (GELA) project is enhancing capacity to use global research to develop locally relevant guidelines for newborn and child health in South Africa (SA), Malawi, and Nigeria. The first step in this process was to identify national priorities for newborn and child health guideline development, and this paper describes our approach...

Megacystis microcolon intestinal hypoperistalsis syndrome (MMIHS) is a rare, congenital functional intestinal obstruction, characterised by megacystis (bladder distention in the absence of mechanical obstruction), microcolon and intestinal hypoperistalsis (dysmotility).We are reporting a case of a female child with normal antenatal course who presented with recurrent episodes of abdominal distension since the second day of life and underwent negative exploratory laparotomy on multiple occasions. She also had urinary retention with a grossly distended bladder, requiring drainage by clean intermittent catheterisation...

BACKGROUND: Despite global efforts to eliminate mother-to-child-transmission of HIV (MTCT), many children continue to become infected. We determined the prevalence of HIV among children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) and that of their mothers, at admission to Mwanamugimu Nutrition Unit, Mulago Hospital, Uganda. We also assessed child factors associated with HIV-infection, and explored factors leading to HIV-infection among a subset of the mother-child dyads that tested positive...

Maternal anaemia is a major public health problem. Developing maternal anaemia prevention and control policies is an important prerequisite for carrying out evidence-based interventions. This article reviews maternal anaemia prevention and control policies in China, identifies gaps, and provides references for other countries. We examined policies concerning maternal nutrition and other related literature in China, identified through key databases and government websites, and conducted a narrative review of the relevant documentations guided by the Smith Policy-Implementing-Process framework...

Transition of Care for Adolescents and Young Adults (AYA) with Neurogastroenterology & Motility (NGM) Disorders.

OBJECTIVES: The Crohn's disease exclusion diet (CDED) + partial enteral nutrition (PEN) is an emerging diet used to induce clinical remission in children with active Crohn's disease (CD). This study aims to determine the effectiveness of using the CDED+PEN to induce clinical remission in an Australian group of children with active CD using different PEN formulas and incorporating patient dietary requirements. METHODS: We retrospectively collected data from children (both newly diagnosed and with existing CD while on therapy) with active CD (Paediatric Crohn's Disease Activity Index [PCDAI] ≥10) and biochemical evidence of active disease (elevated C-reactive protein [CRP], erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR] or faecal calprotectin [FC]) who completed at least phase 1 (6 weeks) of the CDED+PEN to induce clinical remission...

OBJECTIVES: Using high resolution impedance manometry (HRIM), this study characterized the esophago-gastric junction (EGJ) dynamics in children with esophageal atresia (EA). METHOD: Esophageal HRIM was performed in patients with EA aged less than 18 years. Objective motility patterns were analyzed, and EGJ data reported. Controls were pediatric patients without EA undergoing investigations for consideration of fundoplication surgery. RESULTS: Seventy-five patients (M:F = 43:32, median age 1 year 3 months [3 months-17 years 4 months]) completed 133 HRIM studies...

OBJECTIVES: We investigated the current prevalence of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and fibrosis/cirrhosis and identified at-risk populations for MASLD and MASLD-related fibrosis among US adolescents and young adults in the United States. METHODS: Utilizing the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2017-2020, the prevalence of MASLD and fibrosis/cirrhosis was assessed via controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) score and liver stiffness measurements by transient elastography in participants aged 12-29 years with at least one cardiometabolic criteria and absence of other chronic liver disease...

OBJECTIVES: Esophageal food impaction (EFI) is the sudden onset of dysphagia that occurs when a food bolus becomes lodged in the esophagus, requiring endoscopic removal. Scientific data on the prevalence and causes of EFI in children is lacking. The aim of this study was to provide further insights into EFI episodes in children. METHODS: We have prospectively enrolled all children admitted for a first episode of EFI between March 2018 and March 2023. A fluoroscopic contrast study was performed in all patients to confirm the boluses and assess their position...

OBJECTIVES: Paediatric acute liver failure (PALF) is a life-threatening disease. Management aims to support hepatic regeneration or to bridge to liver transplantation. High-volume plasmapheresis (HVP) removes protein-bound substances, alleviates inflammation, and improves survival in adult acute liver failure. However, experience with HVP in PALF is limited. Aim of this study is to report on feasibility, safety, efficacy and outcomes of HVP in PALF. METHODS: Retrospective observational study in children with PALF...

OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study is to further explore associations between social influencers of health and markers of disease severity at the time of presentation of patients with pediatric metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) using neighborhood-level Area Deprivation Index (ADI) scores. METHODS: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 344 pediatric MASLD patients. Each patient received an ADI score based on their 9-digit zip code...

INTRODUCTION: Intestinal failure, defined as the loss of gastrointestinal function to the point where nutrition cannot be maintained by enteral intake alone, presents numerous challenges in children, not least the timing of consideration of intestine transplantation. OBJECTIVES: To describe the evolution of care of infants and children with intestinal failure including parenteral nutrition, intestine transplantation, and contemporary intestinal failure care. METHODS: The review is based on the authors' experience supported by an in-depth review of the published literature...

BACKGROUND: Hepatic osteodystrophy refers to bone disorders associated with chronic liver disease, including children undergoing liver transplantation (LT). The aim of this study was to quantify the prevalence of pathological fractures (PF) in children before and after LT and to identify associated factors for their occurrence. METHODS: Children aged 0-18 years who underwent LT from 1/2005 to 12/2020 were included in this retrospective study. Data on patient demographics, types and anatomical locations of fracture and biological workups were extracted...

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