keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536861/predictors-for-participation-in-mass-treatment-and-female-genital-schistosomiasis-re-investigation-and-the-effect-of-praziquantel-treatment-in-south-african-adolescents
#1
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Takalani Girly Nemungadi, Elisabeth Kleppa, Hashini Nilushika Galappaththi-Arachchige, Pavitra Pillay, Svein Gunnar Gundersen, Birgitte Jyding Vennervald, Patricia Doris Ndhlovu, Myra Taylor, Saloshni Naidoo, Eyrun Floerecke Kjetland
OBJECTIVE: Female Genital Schistosomiasis (FGS) causes intravaginal lesions and symptoms that could be mistaken for sexually transmitted diseases or cancer. In adults, FGS lesions [grainy sandy patches (GSP), homogenous yellow patches (HYP), abnormal blood vessels and rubbery papules] are refractory to treatment. The effect of treatment has never been explored in young women; it is unclear if gynaecological investigation will be possible in this young age group (16-23 years). We explored the predictors for accepting anti-schistosomal treatment and/or gynaecological reinvestigation in young women, and the effects of anti-schistosomal mass-treatment (praziquantel) on the clinical manifestations of FGS at an adolescent age...
March 27, 2024: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536821/the-use-of-kudoh-method-for-culture-of-mycobacterium-tuberculosis-and-mycobacterium-africanum-in-the-gambia
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Tijan Jobarteh, Jacob Otu, Ensa Gitteh, Francis S Mendy, Tutty Isatou Faal-Jawara, Boatema Ofori-Anyinam, Binta Sarr, Abi Janet Riley, Abigail Ayorinde, Bouke C de Jong, Beate Kampmann, Ousman Secka, Florian Gehre
BACKGROUND: Mycobacterium tuberculosis culturing remains the gold standard for laboratory diagnosis of tuberculosis. Tuberculosis remains a great public health problem in developing countries like The Gambia, as most of the methods currently used for bacterial isolation are either time-consuming or costly. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the Kudoh swab method in a West African setting in Gambia, with a particular focus on the method's performance when culturing Mycobacterium africanum West Africa 2 (MAF2) isolates...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38536619/acceptability-and-feasibility-of-the-plasma-separation-card-for-an-integrated-model-of-care-for-hbv-and-hcv-screening-among-people-attending-hiv-clinics-in-cameroon-and-uganda
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Camila A Picchio, Aina Nicolàs, Ironne Valdèse Ayemfouo Fofou, Viola Kasone, Magellan Guewo-Fokeng, Claude T Tagny, Teddy Nanyonjo, Hellen Nansumba, Yves Nacel Kouongni, Rita Gaëlle Epse Sezawo Kamdjeu, Emmanuel Seremba, Charles Kouanfack, Isaac Ssewanyana, Richard Njouom, Ariadna Rando Segura, Francisco Rodríguez-Frías, Jean Claude Mbanya, Ponsiano Ocama, Jeffrey V Lazarus
BACKGROUND: Sub-Saharan African countries have a high burden of viral hepatitis and poor access to screening and care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of using the plasma separation card (PSC) for viral hepatitis B and C screening among people living with HIV (PLHIV) in Cameroon and Uganda. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study carried out between 05/2021 and 03/2023 including 192 PLHIV in Cameroon (n = 104) and Uganda (n = 88)...
March 27, 2024: Journal of Epidemiology and Global Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535864/strategies-for-transboundary-swine-disease-management-in-asian-islands-foot-and-mouth-disease-classical-swine-fever-and-african-swine-fever-in-taiwan-japan-and-the-philippines
#4
REVIEW
Chia-Hui Hsu, Chia-Yi Chang, Satoshi Otake, Thomas W Molitor, Andres Perez
Swine transboundary diseases pose significant challenges in East and Southeast Asia, affecting Taiwan, Japan, and the Philippines. This review delves into strategies employed by these islands over the past two decades to prevent or manage foot and mouth disease (FMD), classical swine fever (CSF), and African swine fever (ASF) in domestic pigs and wild boars. Despite socio-economic differences, these islands share geographical and climatic commonalities, influencing their thriving swine industries. Focusing on FMD eradication, this study unveils Taiwan's success through mass vaccination, Japan's post-eradication surveillance, and the Philippines' zoning strategy...
March 15, 2024: Veterinary Sciences
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535605/genetic-diversity-of-trypanosomes-infesting-cattle-from-savannah-district-in-north-of-c%C3%A3-te-d-ivoire-using-conserved-genomic-signatures-rrna-its1-and-ggapdh
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jean-Yves Ekra, Eliakunda Michael Mafie, Edouard K N'Goran, Dramane Kaba, Biégo Guillaume Gragnon, Jagan Srinivasan
The potential danger to livestock from African animal trypanosomiasis is well known. However, the trypanosome species circulating in cattle and their genetics are poorly understood. After different alignments according to three regions (ITS1, gGAPDH and rRNA gene) of the trypanosome genome, phylogenetic analyses were used to show the genetic diversity of the different species that were circulating in the cattle in three regions (Bagoue, Poro and Tchologo) of Côte d'Ivoire. These analyses were performed by alignment of ITS1; by alignment of partial 18S, ITS1, 5...
March 19, 2024: Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535586/unveiling-the-dual-threat-how-microbial-infections-and-healthcare-deficiencies-fuel-cervical-and-prostate-cancer-deaths-in-africa
#6
REVIEW
Sofian Abdul-Nasir, Hyungdon Lee, Md Habibur Rahman, Johny Bajgai, Kyu-Jae Lee, Cheol-Su Kim, Soo-Ki Kim
Cervical and prostate cancer account for 7.1 and 7.3 deaths per 100,000 people globally in 2022. These rates increased significantly to 17.6 and 17.3 in Africa, respectively, making them the second and third leading cause of cancer deaths in Africa, only surpassed by breast cancer. The human papillomavirus is the prime risk factor for cervical cancer infection. On the other hand, prostate cancer risks include ageing, genetics, race, geography, and family history. However, these factors alone cannot account for the high mortality rate in Africa, which is more than twice the global mortality rate for the two cancers...
March 10, 2024: Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535532/advances-in-the-immunology-of-the-host-parasite-interactions-in-african-trypanosomosis-including-single-cell-transcriptomics
#7
REVIEW
Boyoon Choi, Hien Thi Vu, Hai Thi Vu, Magdalena Radwanska, Stefan Magez
Trypanosomes are single-celled extracellular parasites that infect mammals, including humans and livestock, causing global public health concerns and economic losses. These parasites cycle between insect vectors, such as tsetse flies and vertebrate hosts, undergoing morphological, cellular, and biochemical changes. They have remarkable immune evasion mechanisms to escape the host's innate and adaptive immune responses, such as surface coat antigenic variation and the induction of the loss of specificity and memory of antibody responses, enabling the prolongation of infection...
February 20, 2024: Pathogens
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535437/mental-health-and-treatment-engagement-among-low-income-women-of-color-living-with-hiv
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Latoya Small, Claude Mellins
Low-income women of color are disproportionately more likely to contract HIV, struggle with treatment adherence, and have compromised health as a result of HIV infections in comparison to White and more affluent women. The current study is a secondary analysis aimed at examining the association between stress, symptoms of depression, trauma exposure, healthcare engagement, and adherence self-efficacy, among low-income women of color with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS)...
March 27, 2024: Social Work in Public Health
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535346/north-african-endemism-a-new-species-of-black-fly-diptera-simuliidae-from-the-djurdjura-mountains-of-algeria
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Peter H Adler, Sabrina Haouchine, Boutaïna Belqat, Abdelkader Lounaci
Discoveries of endemic species highlight areas of biogeographic and conservation interest. Endemic species, however, are often morphologically disguised as more common and widespread species. The larval polytene chromosomes revealed a new species of black fly, Prosimulium fungiforme , from the Djurdjura Mountains of northern Algeria, and its female, male, pupa, and larva are described. The species is chromosomally unique; none of its 11 chromosomal rearrangements are shared with other species. Although the new species structurally resembles Prosimulium rufipes (Meigen) with which it previously has been confused, it can be distinguished from all other known species of Prosimulium in the Western Palearctic based on at least one character in each described life stage...
February 23, 2024: Insects
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535175/patterns-of-endemism-in-lichens-another-paradigm-shifting-example-in-the-lichen-genus-xanthoparmelia-from-macaronesia
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Israel Pérez-Vargas, Javier Tuero-Septién, Nereida M Rancel-Rodríguez, José Antonio Pérez, Miguel Blázquez
It has long been assumed that lichen-forming fungi have very large distribution ranges, and that endemic species are rare in this group of organisms. This is likely a consequence of the "everything small is everywhere" paradigm that has been traditionally applied to cryptogams. However, the description of numerous endemic species over the last decades, many of them in oceanic islands, is challenging this view. In this study, we provide another example, Xanthoparmelia ramosae , a species that is described here as new to science on the basis of morphological, chemical, and macroclimatic data, and three molecular markers ( ITS rDNA, nuLSU rDNA, and mtSSU )...
February 21, 2024: Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38535173/the-dynamic-interaction-between-oil-palm-and-phytophthora-palmivora-in-bud-rot-disease-insights-from-transcriptomic-analysis-and-network-modelling
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mariandrea García-Gaona, David Botero-Rozo, Leonardo Araque, Hernán Mauricio Romero
Bud Rot, caused by Phytophthora palmivora , is considered one of the main diseases affecting African oil palm ( Elaeis guineensis ). In this study, we investigated the in vitro molecular dynamics of the pathogen-host interaction by analyzing gene expression profiles from oil palm genotypes that were either susceptible or resistant to the disease. We observed distinct interactions of P. palmivora with resistant and susceptible oil palms through co-expression network analysis. When interacting with susceptible genotypes, P...
February 20, 2024: Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534804/cannabis-use-and-its-impact-on-mental-health-in-youth-in-australia-and-the-united-states-a-scoping-review
#12
REVIEW
Aayush Baral, Fahad Hanna, Ritesh Chimoriya, Kritika Rana
Cannabis is a widely used substance among the youth population, with an estimated 2.8% currently smoking cannabis. Its popularity is growing due to the perception of its harmless nature and lack of dependence. However, this increase in use has been linked to mental health issues, especially since its partial decriminalisation in some part of the United States and Australia. The objective of this scoping review was to investigate the mental health impact of cannabis use among young people in Australia and the United States...
February 29, 2024: Epidemiologia (Basel)
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534671/the-microbiological-profile-and-antibiotic-susceptibility-of-fracture-related-infections-in-a-low-resource-setting-differ-from-high-resource-settings-a-cohort-study-from-cameroon
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Loïc Fonkoue, Elizabeth K Tissingh, Michelle Tognia Ngouateu, Kennedy Olivier Muluem, Olivier Ngongang, Pretty Mbouyap, Perrin Ngougni Pokem, Kuetche Fotsing, Jean Bahebeck, Martin McNally, Olivier Cornu
Fracture-related infection (FRI) is a common and devastating complication of orthopedic trauma in all settings. Data on the microbiological profile and susceptibility of FRI to antibiotics in low-income countries are scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the microbial patterns and antimicrobial susceptibility of FRI in a sub-Saharan African setting in order to provide guidance for the formulation of evidence-based empirical antimicrobial regimens. We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients treated for FRI with deep tissue sampling for microbiological culture from January 2016 to August 2023 in four tertiary-level hospitals in Yaoundé, Cameroon...
March 4, 2024: Antibiotics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534430/the-fall-armyworm-and-larger-grain-borer-pest-invasions-in-africa-drivers-impacts-and-implications-for-food-systems
#14
REVIEW
Shaw Mlambo, Macdonald Mubayiwa, Vimbai L Tarusikirwa, Honest Machekano, Brighton M Mvumi, Casper Nyamukondiwa
Invasive alien species (IAS) are a major biosecurity threat affecting globalisation and the international trade of agricultural products and natural ecosystems. In recent decades, for example, field crop and postharvest grain insect pests have independently accounted for a significant decline in food quantity and quality. Nevertheless, how their interaction and cumulative effects along the ever-evolving field production to postharvest continuum contribute towards food insecurity remain scant in the literature...
February 29, 2024: Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38534049/trends-in-adherence-to-the-24-h-movement-guidelines-among-us-adolescents-from-2011-to-2019-evidence-from-repeated-cross-sectional-cycles-of-the-youth-risk-behavior-surveillance-system
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sitong Chen, Denver Brown, Kate Parker, Eun-Young Lee
BACKGROUND: Adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines is associated with various health benefits, but given the novelty of these integrative recommendations, little is known about year-to-year trends in guideline adherence in adolescents. This study investigated trends of adherence to the 24-h movement guidelines among US adolescents. METHODS: Data from 2011 to 2019 cycles of the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System were used, which included 62 589 US adolescents aged 14-17 years (female: unweighted sample size = 31 876, 51%; weighted% = 50...
April 2024: Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533953/polygenic-scores-and-preclinical-cardiovascular-disease-in-individuals-with-hiv-insights-from-the-reprieve-trial
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Roger S Zou, Yunfeng Ruan, Buu Truong, Romit Bhattacharya, Michael T Lu, Júlia Karády, Rachel Bernardo, Phoebe Finneran, Whitney Hornsby, Kathleen V Fitch, Heather J Ribaudo, Markella V Zanni, Pamela S Douglas, Steven K Grinspoon, Aniruddh P Patel, Pradeep Natarajan
BACKGROUND: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a leading cause of death among the 38.4 million people with HIV globally. The extent to which cardiovascular polygenic risk scores (PRSs) derived in non-HIV populations generalize to people with HIV is not well understood. METHODS AND RESULTS: PRSs for CAD (GPSMult ) and lipid traits were calculated in a global cohort of people with HIV treated with antiretroviral therapy with low-to-moderate atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk enrolled in REPRIEVE (Randomized Trial to Prevent Vascular Events in HIV)...
March 27, 2024: Journal of the American Heart Association
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533947/representation-of-real-world-adults-with-chronic-kidney-disease-in-clinical-trials-supporting-blood-pressure-treatment-targets
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
June Li, Jaejin An, Mengjiao Huang, Mengnan Zhou, Maria E Montez-Rath, Fang Niu, John J Sim, Alan C Pao, Vivek Charu, Michelle C Odden, Manjula Kurella Tamura
BACKGROUND: Little is known about how well trial participants with chronic kidney disease (CKD) represent real-world adults with CKD. We assessed the population representativeness of clinical trials supporting the 2021 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes blood pressure (BP) guidelines in real-world adults with CKD. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using a cross-sectional analysis, we identified patients with CKD who met the guideline definition of hypertension based on use of antihypertensive medications or sustained systolic BP ≥120 mm Hg in 2019 in the Veterans Affairs and Kaiser Permanente of Southern California...
March 27, 2024: Journal of the American Heart Association
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533817/effect-of-asiatic-acid-supplementation-in-tris-extender-on-post-thaw-functional-competence-antioxidant-enzyme-activity-and-in-vivo-fertility-of-bull-sperm
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
M Jameel, I S Sheikh, N Kakar, M R Yousuf, A Riaz, W Shehzad, D Khan, M Iqbal, A M Tareen
Reactive oxygen species at supra-physiological levels trigger oxidative stress during cryopreservation, which can be neutralised by incorporating suitable antioxidants into the semen extender medium. This study was intended to explore the effect of asiatic acid (AA) as an antioxidant in semen extender on frozen-thawed sperm quality and in vivo fertility of bull sperm. Semen was collected from Holstein Friesian bulls for 10 consecutive weeks (total ejaculates = 60). Semen was cryopreserved with a Tris citric acid egg yolk-based extender supplemented with 0 (control), 20, 40, 60, and 100 μM AA...
March 26, 2024: Journal of the South African Veterinary Association
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533816/parasites-burden-in-peri-urban-free-roaming-pigs-in-gert-sibande-district-municipality-mpumalanga-province-south-africa
#19
JOURNAL ARTICLE
P Munzhelele, N P S Sibeko, J W Oguttu, C A Mbajiorgu, F O Fasina
BACKGROUND: Parasite infections, unlike regulated animal diseases, do not often receive attention. In fact, parasites are major sources of financial losses in pig enterprises, particularly in subsistence and small-scale pig production systems. OBJECTIVE: To identify and quantify the prevalence of ecto- and endo-parasites among peri-urban free-roaming pigs (FRP) in Gert Sibande District Municipality (GSDM), Mpumalanga. METHODS: Pig owners were identified using the snowball sampling method since no sampling frame for FRP farmers exists...
March 26, 2024: Journal of the South African Veterinary Association
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38533815/a-novel-loop-mediated-isothermal-amplification-lamp-assay-to-diagnose-feline-panleukopenia
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
R A Bakde, R L Rathish, L John, P M Deepa, K Vijayakumar
Protoparvovirus carnivoran1 , known commonly as feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) is a highly contagious and environmentally stable parvovirus of domestic as well as wild felids. A rapid and robust diagnostic tool will aid in implementing prompt treatment and control measures. A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) as a point-of-care diagnostic tool for diagnosing feline panleukopenia was standardised using faecal samples of cats. The assay will reduce the cost and time required to diagnose feline panleukopenia...
March 26, 2024: Journal of the South African Veterinary Association
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