Anthocyanin, regulation

The purpose of this study is to investigate if grape consumption, in the form of grape powder (GP), could protect against ultraviolet (UV)-induced cataract. Mice were fed with the regular diet, sugar placebo diet, or a grape diet (regular diet supplemented with 5%, 10%, and 15% GP) for 3 months. The mice were then exposed to UV radiation to induce cataract. The results showed that the GP diet dose-dependently inhibited UV-induced cataract and preserved glutathione pools. Interestingly, UV-induced Nrf2 activation was abolished in the groups on the GP diet, suggesting GP consumption may improve redox homeostasis in the lens, making Nrf2 activation unnecessary...

The regulatory mechanisms of anthocyanin biosynthesis have been well documented at the transcriptional and translational levels. By contrast, how anthocyanin biosynthesis is epigenetically regulated remains largely unknown. In this study, we employed genetic, molecular biology, and chromatin immunoprecipitation-quantitative polymerase chain reaction assays to identify a regulatory module essential for repressing the expression of genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis through chromatin remodeling. We found that SILENCING DEFECTIVE 2 (SDE2), which was previously identified as a negative regulator for sucrose-induced anthocyanin accumulation in Arabidopsis, is cleaved into N-terminal SDE2-UBL and C-terminal SDE2-C fragments at the first diglycine motif, and the cleaved SDE2-C, which can fully complement the sde2 mutant, is localized in the nucleus and physically interacts with LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN 1 (LHP1) in vitro and in vivo...

Fine mapping of the maize QTL qSRC3, responsible for red silk, uncovered the candidate gene ZmMYB20, which encodes an R2R3-MYB transcription factor, has light-sensitive expression, and putatively regulates genes expression associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis. Colorless silk is a key characteristic contributing to the visual quality of fresh corn intended for market distribution. Nonetheless, the identification of Mendelian trait loci and associated genes that control silk color has been scarce. In this study, a F2 population arising from the hybridization of the single-segment substitution line qSRC3MT1 with red silk, carrying an introgressed allele from teosinte (Zea mays ssp...

This study explored the differences in the in vitro fermentation properties of rice starch (RS) and rice starch-anthocyanins complexes (RS-A). Structural characterization suggested that RS and RS-A complexes showed a V-type crystalline structure. The degree of order (DO) and degree of double helix (DD) values of RS and RS-A complexes were enhanced after fermentation. Moreover, the RS-A complexes could improve the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Ruminococcaceae, and up-regulate gut microbiota diversity to maintain gut homeostasis...

Tomato ( Solanum lycopersicum ) is a globally cultivated crop with great economic value. The exocarp determines the appearance of tomato fruit and protects it from various biotic and abiotic challenges at both pre-harvest and post-harvest stages. However, no tomato exocarp-specific promoter is currently available, which hinders exocarp-based genetic engineering. Here, we identified by RNA sequencing and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR analyses that the tomato gene SlPR10 ( PATHOGENESIS RELATED 10 ) was abundantly and predominantly expressed in the exocarp...

This study aims to update the evidence and clarify whether cranberry possesses lipid-lowering and hypoglycemic properties in humans. PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus were searched to identify relevant articles published up to December 2023. In total, 3145 publications were reviewed and 16 of them were included for qualitative synthesis and meta-analysis. Stata 15.0 and Review Manager 5.4 were applied for statistical analyses. The results revealed a significant decrease in the total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TC/HDL-C) (MD = -0...

Metabolic skeletal muscle (SM) dysfunction, triggered by increased oxidative stress and mitochondrial impairment, is a pivotal contributor to obesity-associated insulin resistance (IR). Addressing obesity and SM IR demands substantial lifestyle changes including regular exercise and dietary adjustments that are difficult to follow over time. This prompted exploration of alternative approaches. Grape polyphenols (GPPs) have demonstrated a positive impact on metabolism, although few studies have focused on SM...

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common reproductive and metabolic condition in women of childbearing age and a major cause of anovulatory infertility. The pathophysiology of PCOS is complex. Recent studies have reported that apart from hyperandrogenism, insulin resistance, systemic chronic inflammation, and ovarian dysfunction, gut microbiota dysbiosis is also involved in PCOS development and may aggravate inflammation and metabolic dysfunction, forming a vicious cycle. As naturally occurring plant secondary metabolites, polyphenols have been demonstrated to have anticancer, antibacterial, vasodilator, and analgesic properties, mechanistically creating putative bioactive, low-molecular-weight metabolites in the human gut...

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are important regulatory molecules involved in various biological processes. However, the potential function of circRNAs in the turning red process of Quercus mongolica leaves is unclear. This study used RNA-seq data to identify 6228 circRNAs in leaf samples from four different developmental stages and showed that 88 circRNAs were differentially expressed. A correlation analysis was performed between anthocyanins and the circRNAs. A total of 16 circRNAs that may be involved in regulating the colour of Mongolian oak leaves were identified...

Kolor is a teinturier grape cultivar, that accumulates flavonoids in the skin and pulp. However, the concentrations and proportions of flavonoids in Kolor skin and pulp differ, suggesting tissue specificity in teinturier grapes. Light conditions significantly influence the evolution of flavonoids. Moreover, studies on the mechanisms governing flavonoid accumulation in light response sensitivity of teinturier grapes are limited. In the three consecutive years of study, the exposure of Kolor clusters was altered by bagging from pre-veraison to harvest...

Our previous study examined the phytochemical composition and bio-activities of raw daylily flower (Hemerocallis fulva L.). However, this plant food is usually served via heat process such as cooking in a soup. This study aimed to investigate the phytochemical profile and biofunctions of steamed daylily flower (SDF). The content of total phenolic acids, total flavonoids, total carotenoids, total anthocyanins and total triterpenoids in SDF aqueous extract was assessed. Normal cardiac and hepatic cells, H9c2 and L-02 cells, were used to evaluate the protective effects of SDF against ethanol...

In this work, the polysaccharide profile of different grapes and red wines in China was studied and the influences of two common winemaking techniques on the components of wine were analyzed. The soluble polysaccharide content in the skins of native grape species in China (non- Vitis vinifera grapes) was significantly higher than that of Vitis vinifera species, while the terroir effect on V. vinifera varieties was limited. The combination of the enzyme preparation and the addition of mannoproteins (MPs) at the beginning of alcoholic fermentation (MP1 + E) could increase the contents of MPs and acid polysaccharides (APS) compared to the control wines...

This study explored the potential of purple potato anthocyanins (PPAs) in regulating the digestive properties of starches of various crystalline types. In vitro digestion experiments indicated that PPAs inhibit the hydrolysis of rice starch (A-type) better than that of garden pea starch (C-type) and potato starch (B-type). Further structural assessment of different PPA-starch systems showed that PPAs and starch likely interact through non-covalent bonds, resulting in structural changes. Microstructural changes observed in the starches were consistent with the in vitro digestion results, and the chain length and proportions of short/long chains in amylopectin molecules affected the binding strengths and interaction modes between PPAs and starch...

Flower abscission is an important developmental process that can significantly reduce the yield of horticultural plants. We previously reported that SmMYB113 is a key transcription factor promoting anthocyanin biosynthesis and improve fruit quality. However, the overexpression of SmMYB113 in eggplant increased flower drop rate and reduced fruit yield. Here, we elucidate the regulatory mechanisms of SmMYB113 on flower abscission in eggplant. RNA-seq analysis indicated that the regulation of flower abscission by SmMYB113 was associated with altered expression of genes related to ethylene biosynthesis and signal transduction, including ethylene biosynthetic genes SmACS1, SmACS8 and SmACO4...

BACKGROUND: Different metabolic compounds give pepper leaves and fruits their diverse colors. Anthocyanin accumulation is the main cause of the purple color of pepper leaves. The light environment is a critical factor affecting anthocyanin biosynthesis. It is essential that we understand how to use light to regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in plants. RESULT: Pepper leaves were significantly blue-purple only in continuous blue light or white light (with a blue light component) irradiation treatments, and the anthocyanin content of pepper leaves increased significantly after continuous blue light irradiation...

Microplastics derived from plastic waste have emerged as a pervasive environmental pollutant with potential transfer and accumulation through the food chain, thus posing risks to both ecosystems and human health. The gut microbiota, tightly intertwined with metabolic processes, exert substantial influences on host physiology by utilizing dietary compounds and generating bacterial metabolites such as tryptophan and bile acid. Our previous studies have demonstrated that exposure to microplastic polystyrene (PS) disrupts the gut microbiota and induces colonic inflammation...

BACKGROUND: Quinoa leaves demonstrate a diverse array of colors, offering a potential enhancement to landscape aesthetics and the development of leisure-oriented sightseeing agriculture in semi-arid regions. This study utilized integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to investigate the mechanisms underlying anthocyanin synthesis in both emerald green and pink quinoa leaves. RESULTS: Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses indicated that both flavonoid biosynthesis pathway (ko00941) and anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway (ko00942) were significantly associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis...

The phytohormone jasmonate (JA) coordinates stress and growth responses to increase plant survival in unfavorable environments. Although JA can enhance plant UV-B stress tolerance, the mechanisms underlying the interaction of UV-B and JA in this response remain unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that the UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 - TEOSINTE BRANCHED1, Cycloidea and PCF 4 - LIPOXYGENASE2 (UVR8-TCP4-LOX2) module regulates UV-B tolerance dependent on JA signaling pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana. We show that the nucleus-localized UVR8 physically interacts with TCP4 to increase the DNA-binding activity of TCP4 and upregulate the JA biosynthesis gene LOX2...

Plant surface treatment with double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) has gained recognition as a promising method for inducing gene silencing and combating plant pathogens. However, the regulation of endogenous plant genes by external dsRNAs has not been sufficiently investigated. Also, the effect of the simultaneous application of multiple gene-specific dsRNAs has not been analyzed. The aim of this study was to exogenously target five genes in Arabidopsis thaliana , namely, three transcription factor genes ( AtCPC , AtMybL2 , AtANAC032 ), a calmodulin-binding protein gene ( AtCBP60g ), and an anthocyanidin reductase gene ( AtBAN ), which are known as negative regulators of anthocyanin accumulation...

Chinese bayberry ( Myrica rubra or Morella rubra ; 2n = 16) produces fruit with a distinctive flavor, high nutritional, and economic value. However, previous versions of the bayberry genome lack sequence continuity. Moreover, to date, no large-scale germplasm resource association analysis has examined the allelic and genetic variations determining fruit quality traits. Therefore, in this study, we assembled a telomere-to-telomere (T2T) gap-free reference genome for the cultivar 'Zaojia' using PacBio HiFi long reads...