keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38489331/venous-blood-gases-and-electrolyte-values-of-captive-red-foot-tortoise-chelonoidis-carbonarius
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sofia Silva La Rocca de Freitas, Laís Velloso Garcia, Jairo Antonio Melo Dos Santos, Líria Queiroz Luz Hirano
Blood gas analysis reflects the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs. This test provides important information, since the relationship between these gases has a direct impact on the acid-basic balance in the body. Given the significance of blood gas analysis in Brazilian reptiles, this study set out to establish temperature-corrected and uncorrected reference intervals for venous blood gas measurements in Chelonoidis carbonarius, and to compare values between females and males. In this study, 19 animals were used, 8 males and 11 females...
2024: PloS One
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38485710/python-farming-as-a-flexible-and-efficient-form-of-agricultural-food-security
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
D Natusch, P W Aust, C Caraguel, P L Taggart, V T Ngo, G J Alexander, R Shine, T Coulson
Diminishing natural resources and increasing climatic volatility are impacting agri-food systems, prompting the need for sustainable and resilient alternatives. Python farming is well established in Asia but has received little attention from mainstream agricultural scientists. We measured growth rates in two species of large pythons (Malayopython reticulatus and Python bivittatus) in farms in Thailand and Vietnam and conducted feeding experiments to examine production efficiencies. Pythons grew rapidly over a 12-month period, and females grew faster than males...
March 14, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38479521/biomagnification-of-persistent-organic-pollutants-pops-in-detritivorous-phytophagous-and-predatory-invertebrates-how-pops-enter-terrestrial-food-web
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Xiaodan Wu, Siru Yu, Jiahe Zeng, Xiaobo Zheng, Zongling Ren, Yinghua Shu, Bixian Mai
Invertebrates are primary contributors to fluxes of nutrients, energy, and contaminants in terrestrial food webs, but the trophodynamic of contaminants in invertebrate food chains is not fully understood. In this study, occurrence and biomagnification of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) were assessed in detritivorous, phytophagous, and predatory invertebrate food chains. Detritivorous species (earthworm and dung beetle) have higher concentrations of POPs than other species. Different composition patterns and biomagnification factors (BMFs) of POPs were observed for invertebrate species...
March 11, 2024: Science of the Total Environment
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38474908/reptile-identification-for-endemic-and-invasive-alien-species-using-transfer-learning-approaches
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ruymán Hernández-López, Carlos M Travieso-González
The Canary Islands are considered a hotspot of biodiversity and have high levels of endemicity, including endemic reptile species. Nowadays, some invasive alien species of reptiles are proliferating with no control in different parts of the territory, creating a dangerous situation for the ecosystems of this archipelago. Despite the fact that the regional authorities have initiated actions to try to control the proliferation of invasive species, the problem has not been solved as it depends on sporadic sightings, and it is impossible to determine when these species appear...
February 20, 2024: Sensors
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38473093/spatiotemporal-patterns-of-reptile-and-amphibian-road-fatalities-in-a-natura-2000-area-a-12-year-monitoring-of-the-lake-karla-mediterranean-wetland
#25
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alexandros D Kouris, Apostolos Christopoulos, Konstantinos Vlachopoulos, Aikaterini Christopoulou, Panayiotis G Dimitrakopoulos, Yiannis G Zevgolis
The pervasive expansion of human-engineered infrastructure, particularly roads, has fundamentally reshaped landscapes, profoundly affecting wildlife interactions. Wildlife-vehicle collisions, a common consequence of this intricate interplay, frequently result in fatalities, extending their detrimental impact within Protected Areas (PAs). Among the faunal groups most susceptible to road mortality, reptiles and amphibians stand at the forefront, highlighting the urgent need for global comprehensive mitigation strategies...
February 24, 2024: Animals: An Open Access Journal From MDPI
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38472297/a-biogeographical-appraisal-of-the-threatened-south-east-africa-montane-archipelago-ecoregion
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Julian Bayliss, Gabriela B Bittencourt-Silva, William R Branch, Carl Bruessow, Steve Collins, T Colin E Congdon, Werner Conradie, Michael Curran, Savel R Daniels, Iain Darbyshire, Harith Farooq, Lincoln Fishpool, Geoffrey Grantham, Zacharia Magombo, Hermenegildo Matimele, Ara Monadjem, Jose Monteiro, Jo Osborne, Justin Saunders, Paul Smith, Claire N Spottiswoode, Peter J Taylor, Jonathan Timberlake, Krystal A Tolley, Érica Tovela, Philip J Platts
Recent biological surveys of ancient inselbergs in southern Malawi and northern Mozambique have led to the discovery and description of many species new to science, and overlapping centres of endemism across multiple taxa. Combining these endemic taxa with data on geology and climate, we propose the 'South East Africa Montane Archipelago' (SEAMA) as a distinct ecoregion of global biological importance. The ecoregion encompasses 30 granitic inselbergs reaching > 1000 m above sea level, hosting the largest (Mt Mabu) and smallest (Mt Lico) mid-elevation rainforests in southern Africa, as well as biologically unique montane grasslands...
March 12, 2024: Scientific Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38471564/the-latest-freshwater-giants-a-new-peltocephalus-pleurodira-podocnemididae-turtle-from-the-late-pleistocene-of-the-brazilian-amazon
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
G S Ferreira, E R Nascimento, E A Cadena, M A Cozzuol, B M Farina, M L A F Pacheco, M A Rizzutto, M C Langer
Overkill of large mammals is recognized as a key driver of Pleistocene megafaunal extinctions in the Americas and Australia. While this phenomenon primarily affected mega-mammals, its impact on large Quaternary reptiles has been debated. Freshwater turtles, due to the scarcity of giant forms in the Quaternary record, have been largely neglected in such discussions. Here we present a new giant podocnemidid turtle, Peltocephalus maturin sp. nov., from the Late Pleistocene Rio Madeira Formation in the Brazilian Amazon, that challenges this assumption...
March 2024: Biology Letters
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38471444/female-frogs-communicate-with-males-through-blinking
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Pan Chen, Shuwen Liu, Yatao Wu, Guoqing Liu, Yingying Jin, Fang Zhang
Blinking is a behavior unique to animal taxa with motile eyelids, such as most amphibians and reptiles as well as all birds and mammals1 . Eyelid movement has physiological functions, such as lubricating the cornea and washing away dust, but its potential signaling functions are not well understood1 , 2 . The use of eyeblinks as a social signal is currently thought to be restricted to some primates, especially humans and their companion animals, but has not been verified in other taxa1 , 3 , 4 . Here, through field observation and experiments, we demonstrate that female concave-eared torrent frogs (Odorrana tormota), which inhabit noisy streams, use eyeblinks to communicate with males to urge them to initiate amplexus for mating...
March 11, 2024: Current Biology: CB
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38469668/insights-from-entire-mitochondrial-genome-sequences-into-the-phylogeny-of-ticks-of-the-genera-haemaphysalis-and-archaeocroton-with-the-elevation-of-the-subgenus-alloceraea-schulze-1919-back-to-the-status-of-a-genus
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Samuel Kelava, Dmitry A Apanaskevich, Renfu Shao, Alexander W Gofton, Ben J Mans, Ernest J M Teo, Gerrut Norval, Dayana Barker, Ryo Nakao, Stephen C Barker
We used entire mitochondrial (mt) genome sequences (14.5-15 kbp) to resolve the phylogeny of the four main lineages of the Haematobothrion ticks: Alloceraea, Archaeocroton, Bothriocroton and Haemaphysalis. In our phylogenetic trees, Alloceraea was the sister to Archaeocroton sphenodonti, a tick of an archetypal reptile, the tuatara, from New Zealand, to the exclusion of the rest of the species of Haemaphysalis. The mt genomes of all four of the Alloceraea species that have been sequenced so far had a substantial insert, 132-312 bp, between the tRNA-Glu (E) gene and the nad1 gene in their mt genomes...
March 12, 2024: Medical and Veterinary Entomology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38466100/draft-genome-sequences-of-two-%C3%AE-glucuronidase-positive-strains-of-salmonella-enterica-subspecies-salamae-isolated-from-reptile-feces-in-kwazulu-natal-south-africa
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Maike Claussen, Stefan Schmidt
Two Salmonella enterica isolates obtained from reptile feces displayed β-glucuronidase activity. Nearly complete genome sequences were obtained after shotgun sequencing and de novo genome assembly. By comparison to reference genomes, both isolates were identified as Salmonella enterica subspecies salamae with the sequence type identified as 1208 and the serotype as 42:r:-.
March 11, 2024: Microbiology Resource Announcements
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38456553/the-incubation-environment-does-not-explain-significant-variation-in-heart-rate-plasticity-among-avian-embryos
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alexandra G Cones, Eve R Schneider, David F Westneat
The conditions an organism experiences during development can modify how they plastically respond to short-term changes in their environment later in life. This can be adaptive because the optimal average trait value and the optimal plastic change in trait value in response to the environment may differ across different environments. For example, early developmental temperatures can adaptively modify how reptiles, fish and invertebrates metabolically respond to temperature. However, whether individuals within populations respond differently (a prerequisite to adaptive evolution), and whether this occurs in birds, which are only ectothermic for part of their life cycle, is not known...
March 1, 2024: Journal of Experimental Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38455144/detection-of-evolutionary-conserved-and-accelerated-genomic-regions-related-to-adaptation-to-thermal-niches-in-anolis-lizards
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fuku Sakamoto, Shunsuke Kanamori, Luis M Díaz, Antonio Cádiz, Yuu Ishii, Katsushi Yamaguchi, Shuji Shigenobu, Takuro Nakayama, Takashi Makino, Masakado Kawata
Understanding the genetic basis for adapting to thermal environments is important due to serious effects of global warming on ectothermic species. Various genes associated with thermal adaptation in lizards have been identified mainly focusing on changes in gene expression or the detection of positively selected genes using coding regions. Only a few comprehensive genome-wide analyses have included noncoding regions. This study aimed to identify evolutionarily conserved and accelerated genomic regions using whole genomes of eight Anolis lizard species that have repeatedly adapted to similar thermal environments in multiple lineages...
March 2024: Ecology and Evolution
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38454361/exploring-aeromonas-dhakensis-in-aldabra-giant-tortoises-a-debut-report-and-genetic-characterization
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Chenxu Zhao, Panpan Qin, Shuai Li, Zilu Chen, Tianliang Wang, Qunchao Liang, Weishi He, Zeyu Peng, Yurong Yang, Zhifeng Peng, Yongtao Li
Aeromonas dhakensis (A. dhakensis) is becoming an emerging pathogen worldwide, with an increasingly significant role in animals and human health. It is a ubiquitous bacteria found in terrestrial and aquatic milieus. However, there have been few reports of reptile infections. In this study, a bacterial strain isolated from a dead Aldabra giant tortoise was identified as A. dhakensis HN-1 through clinical observation, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS), and gene sequencing analysis...
March 7, 2024: BMC Microbiology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38453510/clinical-and-pathologic-findings-in-iguanids-with-sodium-urate-cholelithiasis
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Paula Rodriguez, Danielle K Tarbert, Frank Ridgley, Kenneth J Conley, James Steeil, Rachel E Burns, Meg Sutherland-Smith, Karen Rosenthal, Joanne R Paul-Murphy
Four green iguanas ( Iguana iguana ) and one blue iguana ( Cyclura lewisi ) from five facilities were diagnosed with sodium urate cholelithiasis. One case was diagnosed antemortem via ultrasonography, and the iguana underwent a choledochotomy for treatment. The other four cases were identified at necropsy. Pathologic hepatic and biliary changes were present in four of the five cases at necropsy. Histologically, four iguanas had hepatic fibrosis, three had bile duct hyperplasia, and one had cholangiohepatitis and pancreaticocholedochitis...
March 2024: Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine: Official Publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38453482/a-systematic-review-of-retrospective-morbidity-and-mortality-studies-on-captive-wildlife-species
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kyle McCreesh, Amanda L Guthrie, Simon Spiro, Stuart Patterson
Zoological institutions manage animals for conservation, education, entertainment, and research purposes. Zoological staff have a responsibility to safeguard the welfare of animals in their care. Retrospective morbidity and/or mortality studies (MMSs) can be useful tools to highlight common diseases in captive wildlife populations. There is currently no standardized methodology for conducting MMSs. Variation in the methodology of MMSs, particularly the categorization of diseases, can make comparisons between studies challenging and may limit the applicability of the results...
March 2024: Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine: Official Publication of the American Association of Zoo Veterinarians
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38452741/spaghetti-connections-synaptonemal-complexes-as-a-tool-to-explore-chromosome-structure-evolution-and-meiotic-behavior-in-fish
#36
REVIEW
Artem Lisachov, Dmitrij Dedukh, Sergey Simanovsky, Thitipong Panthum, Worapong Singchat, Kornsorn Srikulnath
Backgound The synaptonemal complex (SC) is a protein axis formed along chromosomes during meiotic prophase to ensure proper pairing and crossing over. SC analysis has been widely used to study the chromosomes of mammals, and less frequently of birds, reptiles, and fish. It is a promising method to investigate the evolution of fish genomes and chromosomes as a part of complex approach. Summary Compared with conventional metaphase chromosomes, pachytene chromosomes are less condensed and exhibit pairing between homologous chromosomes...
March 7, 2024: Cytogenetic and Genome Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38451598/lack-of-country-wide-systematic-herpetology-collections-in-portugal-jeopardizes-future-research-and-conservation
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bruna S Santos, Mariana P Marques, Luis M P Ceríaco
Natural History Collections (NHCs) represent the world's largest repositories of long-term biodiversity datasets. Specimen collection and voucher deposition has been the backbone of NHCs since their inception, but recent decades have seen a drastic decline in rates of growth via active collecting. Amphibians and reptiles are amongst the most threatened zoological groups on the planet and are historically underrepresented in most worldwide NHCs. As part of an ongoing project to review the Portuguese zoological collections in the country's NHCs, herpetological data from its three major museums and smaller collections was gathered and used to examine the coverage and representation of the different taxa extant in Portugal...
2024: Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38450860/using-emerging-science-to-inform-risk-characterizations-for-wildlife-within-current-regulatory-frameworks
#38
REVIEW
Mark S Johnson, Michael Beking, Eric M J Verbruggen, Emily A McVey, Beth Power, Clare Kilgour, Thomas G Bean, Dwayne R J Moore, Marc S Greenberg, Janet Burris, David Charters
Many jurisdictions have regulatory frameworks that seek to reduce the effects of environmental exposures of anthropogenic chemicals on terrestrial wildlife (i.e., mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians). The frameworks apply for new and existing chemicals, including pesticides (prospective assessments), and to environmental contamination from releases (retrospective risk assessments). Relatively recently, there have been many scientific advances that could improve risk estimates for wildlife. Here, we briefly describe current regulations from North America (United States and Canada) and from Europe that include risk assessments for wildlife to ascertain whether they are conducive to the use of emerging science and new methods...
March 7, 2024: Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38450287/the-marine-conservation-deposits-of-monte-san-giorgio-switzerland-italy-the-prototype-of-triassic-black-shale-lagerst%C3%A3-tten
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Christian Klug, Stephan N F Spiekman, Dylan Bastiaans, Beat Scheffold, Torsten M Scheyer
Marine conservation deposits ('Konservat-Lagerstätten') are characterized by their mode of fossil preservation, faunal composition and sedimentary facies. Here, we review these characteristics with respect to the famous conservation deposit of the Besano Formation (formerly Grenzbitumenzone; including the Anisian-Ladinian boundary), and the successively younger fossil-bearing units Cava inferiore, Cava superiore, Cassina beds and the Kalkschieferzone of Monte San Giorgio (Switzerland and Italy). We compare these units to a selection of important black shale-type Lagerstätten of the global Phanerozoic plus the Ediacaran in order to detect commonalities in their facies, genesis, and fossil content using principal component and hierarchical cluster analyses...
2024: Swiss journal of palaeontology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/38444724/assessing-habitat-connectivity-of-rare-species-to-inform-urban-conservation-planning
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Eric M McCluskey, Faith C Kuzma, Helen D Enander, Ashley Cole-Wick, Michela Coury, David L Cuthrell, Caley Johnson, Marianne Kelso, Yu Man Lee, Diana Methner, Logan Rowe, Alyssa Swinehart, Jennifer A Moore
Urbanization is commonly associated with biodiversity loss and habitat fragmentation. However, urban environments often have greenspaces that can support wildlife populations, including rare species. The challenge for conservation planners working in these systems is identifying priority habitats and corridors for protection before they are lost. In a rapidly changing urban environment, this requires prompt decisions informed by accurate spatial information. Here, we combine several approaches to map habitat and assess connectivity for a diverse set of rare species in seven urban study areas across southern Michigan, USA...
March 2024: Ecology and Evolution
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