ADHD , Tourette Syndrome

Neurodivergent conditions such as autism, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), dyslexia, dyspraxia, dyscalculia and Tourette's syndrome are common, and it is highly likely that practice assessors and supervisors will be asked to support neurodivergent nursing students in their practice learning environments. This article details the strengths that neurodivergent students can bring to nursing, as well as some of the challenges they may experience in practice settings. It outlines how practice assessors and supervisors can develop neuro-inclusive learning environments where neurodivergent students can thrive, as well as how to support them if they are not meeting their required proficiencies...

INTRODUCTION: Moyamoya disease (MMD) is a life-threatening condition characterized by stenosis of intracranial arteries. Despite the frequency and the impact of psychiatric symptoms on the long-term prognosis and quality of life of MMD patients, no systematic review on this topic exists. METHODS: This systematic review and meta-analysis included 41 studies (29 being case reports), from PubMed, Scopus, Embase until 27/3/2023, on MMD patients exhibiting psychiatric symptoms...

BACKGROUND: Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs), such as Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), and Tourette Syndrome (TS), have been extensively studied for their multifaceted impacts on social and emotional well-being. Recently, there has been growing interest in their potential relationship with fracture risks in adulthood. This study aims to explore the associations between these disorders and fracture rates, in order to facilitate better prevention and treatment...

BACKGROUND: Observational studies have indicated that psychiatric disorders are the most common comorbidities in pediatric epilepsy. However, the existence and direction of a causal relationship between the two remains controversial. This study aims to investigate the association between common childhood psychiatric disorders and epilepsy using a two-sample, bidirectional Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. METHODS: Genetic instruments were obtained from the most recent and largest genome-wide association studies (GWAS), including datasets for epilepsy (N_case = 29,994, N_control = 52,538), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (N_case = 38,691, N_control = 186,843), autism spectrum disorder (ASD) (N_case = 18,381, N_control = 27,969), and Tourette syndrome (TS) (N_case = 4,819, N_control = 9488)...

The present study examined rates of sleep disorders and sleep medication use, and predictors of sleep disturbance in children with persistent tic disorders (PTD). Sixty-three parents of children aged 10 to 17 years with PTDs completed an internet survey evaluating sleep patterns and clinical symptoms. Insomnia (19.4%), nightmares (16.1%), and bruxism (13.1%) were the most commonly reported lifetime sleep disorders. Fifty-two percent endorsed current sleep medication use. Higher ADHD severity, overall life impairment, and female sex predicted greater sleep disturbance...

Although an increasing number of patients suffering from mental illnesses self-medicate with cannabis , current knowledge about the efficacy and safety of cannabis -based medicine in psychiatry is still extremely limited. So far, no cannabis -based finished product has been approved for the treatment of a mental illness. There is increasing evidence that cannabinoids may improve symptoms in autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Tourette syndrome (TS), anxiety disorders, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). According to surveys, patients often use cannabinoids to improve mood, sleep, and symptoms of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)...

BACKGROUND: Cognitive functions represent foundational factors for mental health and quality of life (QoL). In Tourette syndrome (TS), psychiatric comorbidities are common and have been inconsistently reported to affect the cognition and QoL of patients, while the role of tic disorder duration has not been yet explored. METHODS: To examine how comorbidities and TS duration may influence cognition and QoL, N = 80 children with TS (6-16 years) were evaluated using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC-IV)...

Previous studies have observed a significant comorbidity between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and some other neuropsychiatric disorders. However, the mechanistic connections between neuropsychiatric disorders and AD are not well understood. We conducted a Mendelian randomization analysis to appraise the potential influences of 18 neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders on AD. We found that four disorders are causally associated with increased risk for AD, including bipolar disorder (BD) (OR: 1.09), migraine (OR: 1...

OBJECTIVE: The authors sought to explore the role of iron supplementation in the management of neurodevelopmental disorders among children and youths. METHODS: A systematic review in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines was undertaken. A subset of results was suitable for meta-analysis. The quality of the evidence and strength of the clinical recommendations were assessed by using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation method, and critical appraisal was conducted with the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools...

INTRODUCTION: Pediatric obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and Tourette syndrome (TS) are often concurrent. This study explores the temperament profile of complex OCD phenotypes. METHODS: A clinical registry recorded demographic data, psychiatric diagnoses, and temperament traits, including novelty seeking (exploratory behaviors), harm avoidance (fear of uncertainty), reward dependence (sentimentality), and persistence (perseverance)...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Tourette Syndrome (TS) and Persistent Motor or Vocal Tic Disorders (PMVT) are more prevalent in males (vs. females). Females with TS may have a delay in diagnosis, and more complex tic features (vs. males). With respect to comorbidities, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is more prevalent in females; attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is more prevalent in males. Less is known about sex differences in PMVT. This study analyzes sex differences in outcomes among individuals with TS and PMVT in the Tourette Association of America International Consortium for Genetics dataset (TAAICG)...

BACKGROUND: Psychiatric disorders are emerging as a serious public health hazard, influencing an increasing number of individuals worldwide. However, the effect of modifiable lifestyle factors on psychiatric disorders remains unclear. METHODS: Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) summary statistics were obtained mainly from Psychiatric Genomics Consortium and UK Biobank, with sample sizes varying between 10,000 and 1,200,000. The two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method was applied to investigate the causal associations between 45 lifestyle factors and 13 psychiatric disorders, and screen potential mediator proteins from 2992 candidate plasma proteins...

BACKGROUND: Observational studies have suggested the potential associations between atopic dermatitis (AD) and psychiatric disorders. However, the causal relationship between them remains uncertain. This study aimed to evaluate the potential bidirectional causal relationship between AD and psychiatric disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD), major depressive disorder (MDD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), bipolar disorder (BD), anorexia nervosa (AN), Tourette syndrome (TS), schizophrenia, and anxiety...

How phenomenal experience and behavior are related to neural activity in physiology and psychopathology represents a fundamental question in neuroscience and psychiatry. The phenomenal-behavior patterns may be deconstructed into basic dimensions, i.e., psychomotricity, affectivity, and thought, which might have distinct neural correlates. This work provides a data overview on the relationship of these phenomenal-behavioral dimensions with brain activity across physiological and pathological conditions (including major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, anxiety disorders, addictive disorders, Parkinson's disease, Tourette syndrome, Alzheimer's disease, and frontotemporal dementia)...

BACKGROUND: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) can invade both the peripheral and central nervous systems and impact the function of the brain. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the mutual influences between COVID-19 outcomes and childhood mental disorders. METHODS: We examined genetic correlations and potential causalities between three childhood mental disorders and three COVID-19 phenotypes by genetically proxied analyses. The three mental disorders included attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD, N = 292,548), Tourette's syndrome (TS, N = 14,307), and autism spectrum disorder (ASD, N = 46,350)...

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD), Tourette syndrome (TS), and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) display strong male sex bias, due to a combination of genetic and biological factors, as well as selective ascertainment. While the hemizygous nature of chromosome X (Chr X) in males has long been postulated as a key point of "male vulnerability", rare genetic variation on this chromosome has not been systematically characterized in large-scale whole exome sequencing studies of "idiopathic" ASD, TS, and ADHD...

BACKGROUND: There are no studies that measure the prevalence and real comorbidities of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) according to the DSM-5-TR in 6-year-old children in population and clinical samples or studies that measure them as a whole. The data on the prevalence of these disorders are usually disparate because of the estimation methods (direct/indirect), the type of sample (population/clinical/school), and the ages studied. METHODS: The initial sample (289 subjects) was representative of 6-year-old children in the entire population of Menorca, obtained from pediatric primary care services (100% of the sample)...

An accurate and early diagnosis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder can improve health outcomes and prevent unnecessary medical expenses. This study developed a diagnostic support model using a machine learning approach to effectively screen individuals for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Three models were developed: a logistic regression model, a classification and regression tree (CART), and a neural network. The models were assessed by using a receiver operating characteristic analysis...

Dopamine (DA) at normal levels in the human body exhibits a high potential for maintaining a proper neuron network. However, their abnormalities in humans can bring out aggressive disorders such as Schizophrenia, hypertension, Tourette's syndrome, Alzheimer's disease, bipolar depression, Parkinson's disease, drug addiction and attention-deficit hyperactivity diseases. Hence, in this study, a bis-quinoline-substituted calix[4] arene carboxylic acid derivative ( Quin-Calix-CO2 H ) at cone conformation was developed as an effective fluorescent sensor for the detection of a catecholamine neurotransmitter (dopamine)...

BACKGROUND: Gills de la Tourette syndrome (TS) is a childhood-onset neurodevelopmental disorder manifested by motor and vocal tics. Kleefstra syndrome 1 (KS1), a rare genetic disorder, is caused by haploinsufficiency of the EHMT1 gene and is characterized by intellectual disability (ID), childhood hypotonia, and distinctive facial features. Tourette-like syndrome in KS1 has rarely been reported. CASE PRESENTATION: Here we describe a 7-year-old girl presenting involuntary motor and vocal tics, intellectual disability, childhood hypotonia, and dysmorphic craniofacial appearances, as well as comorbidities including attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and self-injurious behavior (SIB)...