keyword
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37697670/differential-modulation-of-digestive-enzymes-and-energy-reserves-at-different-times-after-feeding-in-juveniles-of-the-marine-estuarine-dependent-flatfish-paralichthys-orbignyanus-valenciennes-1839
#21
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Camila Paula Albanesi, Eugenia Méndez, María Soledad Michiels, Mariela Radonic, Andrea López, Alejandra A López-Mañanes
Integrative works on the responses of digestive enzymes and energy reserves in conjunction with morphological traits at distinct postprandial times in marine estuarine-dependent flatfishes of ecological and economic importance, such as Paralichthys orbignyanus are lacking. We determined total weight (TW), hepatosomatic index (HSI), digestive enzymes activities in the intestine and energy reserves concentration in liver and muscle at 0, 24, 72 and 360h after feeding in juveniles of P. orbignyanus. Amylase activity decreased at 72h (about 30%)...
September 11, 2023: Journal of Fish Biology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37689856/transglycosylation-catalysed-by-caco-2-membrane-disaccharidases-a-new-approach-to-understand-carbohydrates-digestibility
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lesbia Cristina Julio-Gonzalez, Virginia Garcia-Cañas, Fabian Rico, Oswaldo Hernandez-Hernandez
Under appropriate experimental conditions, some glycoside hydrolases can catalyze transglycosylation reactions; a hypothesis associated with this is that the glycosidic linkages formed will be preferentially hydrolyzed under optimal conditions. Therefore, the hydrolytic and transglycosylation activities of isolated membranes from differentiated Caco-2 cells on sucrose, maltose and isomaltulose were evaluated. After the enzymatic reactions, the di- and trisaccharides obtained were identified by gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer...
October 2023: Food Research International
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37670165/repetitive-and-zonal-expression-profiles-of-absorption-related-genes-in-the-gastrointestinal-tract-of-ascidian-ciona-intestinalis-type-a
#23
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rin Iguchi, Satoshi Nakayama, Yasunori Sasakura, Toshio Sekiguchi, Michio Ogasawara
Intestinal absorption is essential for heterotrophic bilaterians with a tubular gut. Although the fundamental features of the digestive system were shared among chordates with evolution, the gut morphologies of vertebrates diverged and adapted to different food habitats. The ascidian Ciona intestinalis type A, a genome-wide research model of basal chordates, is used to examine the functional morphology of the intestines because of its transparent juvenile body. In the present study, the characteristic gene expression patterns (GEP) of Ciona absorptive proteins, e...
September 6, 2023: Cell and Tissue Research
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37604263/the-effect-of-alginate-oligosaccharides-on-intestine-barrier-function-and-vibrio-parahaemolyticus-infections-in-the-white-shrimp-litopenaeus-vannamei
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Nan Bai, Wanzhen Deng, Zezheng Qi, Shihui Pan, Qing Li, Min Gu
The intestine is a host-pathogen interaction site and improved intestinal barrier function help to prevent disease in shrimp. Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) are derived from resourceful brown algae. The intestine protection properties of AOS were widely recognized, and their benefits in fish have been reported. Nevertheless, there are no reports on AOS in shrimp and other crustaceans. In the present work, we measured the effects of AOS on growth performance and disease resistance in the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei and investigated their effects on intestinal health...
August 19, 2023: Fish & Shellfish Immunology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37579741/high-osmol-gap-hyponatremia-caused-by-icodextrin-a-case-series-report
#25
Caroline W H de Fijter, Joanna Stachowska-Pietka, Jacek Waniewski, Bengt Lindholm
Recently hyperosmolar hyponatremia following excessive off-label use of two exchanges of 2L icodextrin daily during peritoneal dialysis (PD) was reported. We encountered a cluster of three cases of PD patients who developed hyperosmolar hyponatremia during on-label use of icodextrin. This appeared to be due to absorption of icodextrin, since, after stopping icodextrin, the serum sodium level and osmol gap returned to normal, while a rechallenge again resulted in hyperosmolar hyponatremia. We excluded higher than usual concentrations of specific fractions of dextrins in fresh icodextrin dialysis fluid (lot numbers of used batches were checked by manufacturer)...
August 14, 2023: American Journal of Nephrology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37573014/postruminal-casein-infusion-and-exogenous-glucagon-like-peptide-2-administration-differentially-stimulate-pancreatic-%C3%AE-amylase-and-small-intestinal-%C3%AE-glucosidase-activity-in-cattle
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ronald J Trotta, Kendall C Swanson, James L Klotz, David L Harmon
BACKGROUND: Increasing luminal carbohydrate flow decreases pancreatic α-amylase activity but can increase jejunal maltase activity, suggesting that regulation of carbohydrase activity is perhaps uncoordinated in response to luminal carbohydrate flow. Increasing luminal casein flow increases pancreatic α-amylase activity in cattle, and exogenous glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) has been shown to increase small intestinal α-glucosidase activity in nonruminants. OBJECTIVES: The objective was to evaluate the effects of postruminal casein infusion, exogenous GLP-2, or their combination on endogenous pancreatic and small intestinal carbohydrase activity in cattle postruminally infused with starch...
August 10, 2023: Journal of Nutrition
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37525586/hypoglycemic-effect-of-nitraria-tangutorum-fruit-by-inhibiting-glycosidase-and-regulating-irs1-pi3k-akt-signalling-pathway-and-its-active-ingredient-identification-by-uplc-ms
#27
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sirong Jiang, Luya Wang, Wenjing Jia, Di Wu, Li Wu, Xiaohui Zhao, Lijuan Mei, Yanduo Tao, Huilan Yue
The hypoglycemic effect of NTB-40 (40% ethanol fraction of Nitraria tangutorum fruit) in type I/II diabetic mice and its underlying mechanism and active ingredient structure were investigated. The postprandial blood glucose (PBG) lowering effect of NTB-40 treatment was confirmed by maltose, starch, and sucrose tolerance tests in alloxan-induced DM mice and sucrase and maltase inhibitory activities in vitro . More importantly, long-term dosing experiments in high-fat diet-STZ-induced diabetic mice further demonstrated that NTB-40 intervention could improve glycolipid metabolism disorder and insulin resistance (IR) by maintaining glucose homeostasis (FBG, OGTT, ITT, FINS, and HOMA-IR) and lipid homeostasis (TC, TG, HDL-C, LDL-C, and FFA), reducing inflammation (IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α) and oxidative stress (SOD and MDA), ameliorating the liver's histological structural abnormalities, and modulating the IRS1/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and downstream targets (FOXO1, GSK3β, GLUT4) for decreasing hepatic gluconeogenesis and promoting glycogen synthesis and glucose uptake...
August 1, 2023: Food & Function
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37449141/influences-of-wheat-bran-fiber-on-growth-performance-nutrient-digestibility-and-intestinal-epithelium-functions-in-xiangcun-pigs
#28
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jiahao Liu, Yuheng Luo, Xiangfeng Kong, Bing Yu, Ping Zheng, Zhiqing Huang, Xiangbing Mao, Jie Yu, Junqiu Luo, Hui Yan, Jun He
Dietary fiber (DF) has long been looked as an essential "nutrients" both for animals and humans as it can promote the intestinal tract development and modulate the intestinal epithelium functions and the gut microbiota. This study was conducted to investigate the influences of wheat bran fiber (WBF) on growth performance and intestinal epithelium functions in Xiangcun pigs. Twenty Xiangcun pigs with 60 days of age were divided to two groups and exposed to a basal diet (BD) or BD containing 4.3% wheat bran fiber (WFD)...
July 2023: Heliyon
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37422548/yarrowia-lipolytica-biomass-a-potential-additive-to-boost-metabolic-and-physiological-responses-of-nile-tilapia
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Milena Cia Retcheski, Luiz Vitor Maximowski, Keveen Jhonathan Soares Escorsin, Jéssica Kimie de Almeida Rosa Kurosaki, Silvia Romão, Thiago Bergler Bitencourt, Jorge Erick Garcia Parra, Luisa Helena Cazarolli
We studied the effects of Yarrowia lipolytica biomass on digestive enzymes, blood biochemical profile, energy metabolism enzymes, and proximate meat composition of Nile tilapias. The experiment was entirely randomized with four replications. The animals (n = 20 per repetition) were fed with 0%, 3%, 5%, and 7% of biomass for 40 days and then blood and liver were analyzed. There was an increase in the activities of chymotrypsin (5, 7% groups), trypsin (3, 5% groups), and sucrase (7% group) compared to the respective control groups...
July 8, 2023: Fish Physiology and Biochemistry
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37420289/effect-of-small-peptide-chelated-iron-on-growth-performance-immunity-and-intestinal-health-in-weaned-pigs
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Limei M Sun, Bing Yu, Yuheng H Luo, Ping Zheng, Zhiqing Huang, Jie Yu, Xiangbing Mao, Hui Yan, Junqiu Luo, Jun He
BACKGROUND: Small peptide chelated iron (SPCI), a novel iron supplementation in pig diets, owns growth-enhancing characteristics. Although a number of researches have been performed, there is no clear-cut evidence to show the exact relationship between the dose and effects of small peptide chelated minerals. Therefore, we investigated the effect of dietary supplementation of SPCI at different doses in the growth performance, immunity, and intestinal health in weaned pigs. METHODS: Thirty weaned pigs were randomly assigned into five groups and feed with basal diet or the basal diet containing 50, 75, 100, or 125 mg/kg Fe as SPCI diets...
July 7, 2023: Porcine Health Management
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37394467/enzymatically-prepared-alginate-oligosaccharides-improve-broiler-chicken-growth-performance-by-modulating-the-gut-microbiota-and-growth-hormone-signals
#31
JOURNAL ARTICLE
A La Teng Zhu La, Yuqing Feng, Die Hu, Yimei Feng, Xiaolu Jin, Dan Liu, Yuming Guo, Gong Cheng, Yongfei Hu
BACKGROUND: Alginate oligosaccharide (AOS) holds great potential as a novel feed supplement in farm animals. However, the effects of AOS on chicken health and the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. This study aimed to optimize the enzymatic preparation of AOS by using bacterial alginate lyases expressed in yeast, investigate the effects of the prepared AOS on the growth performance and gut health of broiler chickens, and reveal the underlying mechanisms. RESULTS: Five alginate lyases from bacteria were cloned into Pichia pastoris GS115 and the alginate lyase PDE9 was expressed at relatively high yield, activity and stability in P...
July 3, 2023: Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37388164/high-amylose-to-amylopectin-ratios-in-nitrogen-free-diets-decrease-the-ileal-endogenous-amino-acid-losses-of-broiler-chickens
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Huajin Zhou, Tahir Mahmood, Wei Wu, Yanhong Chen, Yao Yu, Jianmin Yuan
This study explored the variation of ileal endogenous amino acid (IEAA) losses and its influencing factors in chickens offered nitrogen-free diets (NFD) containing different ratios of amylose to amylopectin (AM/AP). A total of 252 broiler chickens at 28 d old were randomly allocated into 7 treatment groups for a 3-d trial. The dietary treatments included a basal diet (control), a NFD containing corn starch (CS), and 5 NFD with AM/AP ratios of 0.20, 0.40, 0.60, 0.80, and 1.00, respectively. As the AM/AP ratio increased, the IEAA losses of all AAs, starch digestibility and maltase activity linearly decreased ( P  < 0...
September 2023: Animal Nutrition
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37350097/repurposing-phytochemicals-of-citrullus-colocynthis-against-maltase-glucoamylase-using-molecular-docking-mmgbsa-md-simulation-and-linear-regression-to-identify-potential-anti-diabetic-compounds
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Parameswar Sahu, Rosaleen Sahoo, Abhishek Kumar Sahu, Sundeep Singh Saluja, Banshidhar Behera
Diabetes is a common lifestyle disorder found in populations of different age groups. Maltase-glucoamylase catalyses the release of the glucose molecule in the final enzymatic reaction of starch digestion; therefore, inhibition of maltase-glucoamylase is one of the approaches in the development of therapeutics for diabetes. Citrullus colocynthis is commonly recommended in Ayurveda for the treatment of diabetes. The current study applied a structure-based drug design approach to repurpose the phytochemicals of Citrullus colocynthis to identify potential inhibitors for maltase-glucoamylase...
June 22, 2023: Journal of Biomolecular Structure & Dynamics
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37312006/improvement-of-growth-performance-and-digestive-function-via-amniotic-injection-of-n-acetylglutamate-in-broiler-chickens
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jiguang Wang, Changchun Xu, Zhigang Song, Shugeng Wu, Jing Wang, Guanghai Qi, Haijun Zhang
BACKGROUND: N-Acetylglutamate (NAG), the first committed substrate for de novo arginine synthesis, plays an important role in intestinal development. The present study aimed to determine the effects of in ovo feeding (IOF) of NAG (1.5 mg/egg) at 17.5 days of incubation (DOI) via amnion on hatching performance, early intestinal histomorphometry, jejunal barrier and digestive function, and growth performance of broiler chickens between 1 and 14 days of age (d). RESULTS: Amniotic injection of NAG had no significant effect on hatching characteristics compared with the non-injected control group (NC group)...
June 13, 2023: Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37234948/porcine-intestinal-antimicrobial-peptide-as-an-in-feed-antibiotic-alternative-improves-intestinal-digestion-and-immunity-by-shaping-the-gut-microbiota-in-weaned-piglets
#35
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Fengjie Ji, Huansheng Yang, Qiye Wang, Jianzhong Li, Hanlin Zhou, Shengmin Liu
Antibiotic resistance of pathogens, which is caused by the abuse of in-feed antibiotics, threatens the sustainable development of livestock production. The present study aimed to investigate the efficiency of porcine intestinal antimicrobial peptide (PIAP) as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics in terms of growth performance, intestinal morphology, digestive enzymes and immunity, and microbiota community of the post-weaning piglets. A total of 204 piglets (Duroc × Landrace × Yorkshire, weaned at 28 d age) with a similar body weight of 7...
September 2023: Animal Nutrition
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37199899/intestinal-disaccharidase-deficiency-in-adults-evaluation-and-treatment
#36
REVIEW
Lavanya Viswanathan, Satish Sc Rao
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Disaccharidase deficiency in adults causes carbohydrate malabsorption, resulting in symptoms which significantly overlap with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This article discusses the diagnosis and treatment of disaccharidase deficiency within the context of recent literature. RECENT FINDINGS: Disaccharidase deficiency in adults is more common than previously thought, which includes lactase, sucrase, maltase and isomaltase enzymes. Deficiency in disaccharidases, which are produced by the intestinal brush border, will interfere with the breakdown and absorption of carbohydrates and may result in abdominal pain, gas, bloating and diarrhea...
May 18, 2023: Current Gastroenterology Reports
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37167129/-the-effect-of-the-fodmap-and-rebamipid-diet-on-the-activity-of-disaccharidases-in-patients-with-enteropathy-with-impaired-membrane-digestion
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
E V Baulo, N I Belostotsky, O V Akhmadullina, S R Dbar, S V Bykova, A I Parfenov
AIM: To compare the effect of a diet low in fermentable oligo-, di-, monosaccharides and polyols (fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols - FODMAP) and rebamipide on carbohydrate tolerance and disaccharidases activity in patients with maldigestive enteropathy (ENMP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 61 patients with ENMP with reduced small intestine carbohydrases. Their glucoamylase activity was 100 ng glucose/mg tissue × min (quartile 53, 72), maltase - 504 (quartile 258, 708), sucrase - 43 (quartile 25, 58), lactase - 8 (quartile 4, 20)...
March 30, 2023: Terapevticheskiĭ Arkhiv
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37121161/an-increased-weaning-age-and-liquid-feed-enhances-weight-gain-compared-to-piglets-fed-dry-feed-pre-weaning
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
K K Lyderik, J G Madsen, C Larsen, M L M Pedersen, N J Kjeldsen, A R Williams, M S Hedemann, C Amdi
Increasing age and providing liquid creep feed could potentially increase the solid feed intake in pre-weaning piglets, which may in turn promote gut maturation and post-weaning feed intake, possibly lessening the severity of the growth-check associated with the suckling-to-weaning transition. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate if feeding dry- versus liquid creep feed (DF vs. LF) and weaning in week 4 or 5 (4W or 5W) could accelerate maturational changes to the small intestines of pre-weaning piglets by increasing digestive and absorptive capacity...
April 3, 2023: Animal
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37065240/dietary-supplementation-with-a-complex-of-cinnamaldehyde-carvacrol-and-thymol-negatively-affects-the-intestinal-function-in-lps-challenged-piglets
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yanyan Zhang, Qian Li, Zhongxing Wang, Yi Dong, Dan Yi, Tao Wu, Lei Wang, Di Zhao, Yongqing Hou
BACKGROUND: The effects of cinnamaldehyde, carvacrol and thymol complex (CCT) on the growth performance and intestinal function of piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) were determined. Colistin sulphate (CS) was as a positive control. METHOD: Piglets ( n = 24, 32 days of age) were allocated to four treatments: Control group (fed basal diet), LPS group (fed basal diet), CS+LPS group (fed basal diet + 50 mg/kg CS), and CCT+LPS group (fed basal diet + 50 mg/kg CCT)...
2023: Frontiers in Veterinary Science
https://read.qxmd.com/read/37060970/interferon-%C3%AE-3-alleviates-intestinal-epithelium-injury-induced-by-porcine-rotavirus-in-mice
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yuhan Wang, Bing Yu, Yuheng Luo, Ping Zheng, Xiangbing Mao, Zhiqing Huang, Jie Yu, Junqiu Luo, Hui Yan, Aimin Wu, Jun He
Interferons are a group of glycoproteins that are expressed in various cell types in their inflammatory responses to infections. In this study, we explored the protective effects of porcine interferon-λ3 (PIFN-λ3) on intestinal inflammation and injury in mice induced by porcine rotavirus (PRV). BALB/c mice were administrated by PIFN-λ3 or phosphate buffer solution (PBS) for three days prior to PRV infection. We show that PRV infection caused acute inflammatory responses in mice, as indicated by increases in serum concentrations of inflammatory cytokines such as the interlukin-1β (IL-1β), interlukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) (P < 0...
April 13, 2023: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
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