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REVIEW
Sean T Evans, Yash Jani, Caroline S Jansen, Ahmet Yildirim, Ecem Kalemoglu, Mehmet Asim Bilen
The introduction of novel immunotherapies has significantly transformed the treatment landscape of genitourinary (GU) cancers, even becoming the standard of care in some settings. One such type of immunotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) like nivolumab, ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, and atezolizumab play a pivotal role by disturbing signaling pathways that limit the immune system's ability to fight tumor cells. Despite the profound impact of these treatments, not all tumors are responsive. Recent research efforts have been focused on understanding how cancer cells manage to evade the immune response and identifying the possible mechanisms behind resistance to immunotherapy...
December 31, 2024: Cancer Biology & Therapy
#22
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Amrita Mondal, Ankita Talukdar, Rizwanul Haque
Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (iPSCs) are among the top versatile implements of biomedical research. Stem cell science has made strides over the past few years, emerging as a new opportunity to treat cancer, and many such continuous initiatives have been made into clinical trials. As the global mortality rate is too high despite the effectiveness of prevalent cancer therapies, this review explores the potential of iPSC in different aspects of cancer-related areas. The preparation of iPSCs, including their derivation from cancer stem cells, was covered after establishing the intricacy of current cancer treatments...
April 15, 2024: Current Stem Cell Research & Therapy
#23
REVIEW
Anna Markowska, Zbigniew Kojs, Damian Twardawa, Joanna Pietras, Janina Markowska
Despite advances in surgical treatment techniques and chemotherapy-including anti-angiogenic and immune poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors, the 5-year survival rate in ovarian cancer (OC) remains low. The reasons for this are the diagnosis of cancer in advanced clinical stages, chemoresistance and cancer recurrence. New therapeutic approaches are being developed, including the search for new biomarkers that are also targets for targeted therapy. The present review describes new molecular markers with relevance to targeted therapy, which to date have been studied only in experimental research...
May 2024: Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
#24
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jong Eun Lee, Jinwoo Kim, Minhee Hwang, Yun-Hyeon Kim, Myung Jin Chung, Won Gi Jeong, Yeon Joo Jeong
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical and imaging characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection in hospitalized immunocompromised patients in comparison with immunocompetent patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This retrospective study analyzed consecutive adult patients hospitalized for COVID-19 who received at least one dose of the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine at two academic medical centers between June 2021 and December 2022. Immunocompromised patients (with active solid organ cancer, active hematologic cancer, active immune-mediated inflammatory disease, status post solid organ transplantation, or acquired immune deficiency syndrome) were compared with immunocompetent patients...
March 20, 2024: Korean Journal of Radiology: Official Journal of the Korean Radiological Society
#25
REVIEW
Dilara Aylar, Ayse Karatug Kacar
The pancreas is made of two compartments: the exocrine pancreas, a source of digestive enzymes, and the endocrine islets which produce vital hormones. Distinct diseases could arise in the pancreas such as diabetes, neuroendocrine tumors, pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancers. Various treatment methods are being researched against these diseases. Treatment with recombinant proteins, therapeutic antibodies, vaccination, gene therapy, tissue engineering, and stem cell treatment are treatment methods. Furthermore, biomarkers are important for both treatment and diagnosis...
April 16, 2024: Molecular Biotechnology
#26
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Bionca M Davis, Ian Blake, Gitika Panicker, Elissa Meites, Gail Thompson, Jesse Geis, Dana Bruden, Marc Fischer, Rosalyn Singleton, Elizabeth R Unger, Lauri E Markowitz, Michael G Bruce
BACKGROUND: Persistent human papillomavirus (HPV) infection can cause anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. Many HPV infections and HPV-associated cancers are vaccine-preventable. Studies suggest long-term persistence of vaccine-induced antibodies. However, data are limited among Alaska Native people. METHODS: During 2011-2014, we enrolled Alaska Native children aged 9-14 years who received a 3-dose series of quadrivalent HPV vaccine (4vHPV). We collected sera at 1 month and 1, 2, 3, and 5 years post-vaccination to evaluate trends in type-specific immunoglobulin G antibody concentrations for the 4vHPV types (HPV 6/11/16/18)...
April 15, 2024: Vaccine
#27
REVIEW
Youngjin Choi, Su Hyun Seok, Hong Yeol Yoon, Ju Hee Ryu, Ick Chan Kwon
Cancer immunotherapy represents a revolutionary strategy, leveraging the patient's immune system to inhibit tumor growth and alleviate the immunosuppressive effects of the tumor microenvironment (TME). The recent emergence of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapies, particularly following the first approval of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors like ipilimumab, has led to significant growth in cancer immunotherapy. The extensive explorations on diverse immune checkpoint antibodies have broadened the therapeutic scope for various malignancies...
April 14, 2024: Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews
#28
REVIEW
Aghdas Ramezani, Aida Tafazoli, Fatemeh Salimi, Mahlegha Ghavami, Hanie Arjmandi, Bahman Khalesi, Zahra Sadat Hashemi, Saeed Khalili
Interactions between the plasma cells and the BM microenvironment of Multiple myeloma (MM) take place through factors such as exosomes. Many studies have confirmed the role of exosomes in these interactions. By carrying proteins, cytokines, lipids, microRNAs, etc. as their cargo, exosomes can regulate the interactions between MM plasma cells and neighboring cells and participate in the signaling between cancer cells and the environment. It has been shown that MM-derived exosomes can induce angiogenesis, enhance osteoblast activity, confer drug resistance, and have immunosuppressive properties...
April 14, 2024: Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics
#29
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Joline Ingels, Laurenz De Cock, Dieter Stevens, Rupert L Mayer, Fabien Théry, Guillem Sanchez Sanchez, David Vermijlen, Karin Weening, Saskia De Smet, Nele Lootens, Marieke Brusseel, Tasja Verstraete, Jolien Buyle, Eva Van Houtte, Pam Devreker, Kelly Heyns, Stijn De Munter, Sandra Van Lint, Glenn Goetgeluk, Sarah Bonte, Lore Billiet, Melissa Pille, Hanne Jansen, Eva Pascal, Lucas Deseins, Lies Vantomme, Maarten Verdonckt, Ria Roelandt, Thomas Eekhout, Niels Vandamme, Georges Leclercq, Tom Taghon, Tessa Kerre, Floris Vanommeslaeghe, Annemieke Dhondt, Liesbeth Ferdinande, Jo Van Dorpe, Liesbeth Desender, Frederic De Ryck, Frank Vermassen, Veerle Surmont, Francis Impens, Björn Menten, Karim Vermaelen, Bart Vandekerckhove
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is known for high relapse rates despite resection in early stages. Here, we present the results of a phase I clinical trial in which a dendritic cell (DC) vaccine targeting patient-individual neoantigens is evaluated in patients with resected NSCLC. Vaccine manufacturing is feasible in six of 10 enrolled patients. Toxicity is limited to grade 1-2 adverse events. Systemic T cell responses are observed in five out of six vaccinated patients, with T cell responses remaining detectable up to 19 months post vaccination...
April 9, 2024: Cell reports medicine
#30
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Aya Emad, Ali A El-Kenawy, Mohamed El-Tholoth
The highly contagious, immunosuppressive, and cancer-causing Marek's disease virus (MDV) infects chickens. The financial costs of Marek's disease (MD) are significant for the chicken industry. In this study, a total of 180 samples from chicken farms suspected to be MDV-infected were collected. The chickens were sampled during the period between the months of October 2016 and February 2018 at Dakahlia and Damietta Governorates, Egypt. A total of 36 pooled samples were created. The prepared samples were inoculated into embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs)...
April 6, 2024: Poultry Science
#31
REVIEW
Azadeh Eskandari, Thean Chor Leow, Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman, Siti Nurbaya Oslan
Over the past few decades, cancer immunotherapy has experienced a significant revolution due to the advancements in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) and adoptive cell therapies (ACTs), along with their regulatory approvals. In recent times, there has been hope in the effectiveness of cancer vaccines for therapy as they have been able to stimulate de novo T-cell reactions against tumor antigens. These tumor antigens include both tumor-associated antigen (TAA) and tumor-specific antigen (TSA). Nevertheless, the constant quest to fully achieve these abilities persists...
April 16, 2024: Molecular Biotechnology
#32
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mikaela A Gray, Mariela R Rodriguez-Otero, Julie A Champion
ConspectusVesicles are self-assembled structures comprised of a membrane-like exterior surrounding a hollow lumen with applications in drug delivery, artificial cells, and micro-bioreactors. Lipid or polymer vesicles are the most common and are made of lipids or polymers, respectively. They are highly useful structures for many applications but it can be challenging to decorate them with proteins or encapsulate proteins in them, owing to the use of organic solvent in their formation and the large size of proteins relative to lipid or polymer molecules...
April 16, 2024: Accounts of Chemical Research
#33
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zhenxiang Zhao, Na Xing, Hao Guo, Jianfeng Li, Guozhu Sun
PURPOSE: mRNA vaccines represent a promising and innovative strategy within the realm of cancer immunotherapy. However, their efficacy in treating lower-grade glioma (LGG) requires evaluation. Ferroptosis exhibits close associations with the initiation, evolution, and suppression of cancer. In this study, we explored the landscape of the ferroptosis-associated tumor microenvironment to facilitate the development of mRNA vaccines for LGG patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Genomic and clinical data of the LGG patients was obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) databases...
2024: Pharmacogenomics and Personalized Medicine
#34
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Min Xu, Miao-Chun Lin, Zhao-Hui Li
BACKGROUND: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is an important factor leading to cervical cell abnormalities. 90% of cervical cancers are closely associated with persistent infection of high-risk HPV, with the highest correlation with HPV16 and 18. Currently available vaccines and antivirals have limited effectiveness and coverage. Guanylate binding protein 1 (GBP1) was induced by interferon gamma and involved in many important cellular processes such as clearance of various microbial pathogens...
April 15, 2024: BMC Women's Health
#35
REVIEW
Ruochen Wu, Fei Sun, Weiqi Zhang, Jie Ren, Guang-Hui Liu
Aging is a major risk factor for numerous chronic diseases. Vaccination offers a promising strategy to combat these age-related diseases by targeting specific antigens and inducing immune responses. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent advances in vaccine-based interventions targeting these diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, type II diabetes, hypertension, abdominal aortic aneurysm, atherosclerosis, osteoarthritis, fibrosis and cancer, summarizing current approaches for identifying disease-associated antigens and inducing immune responses against these targets...
April 15, 2024: Nature aging
#36
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Julian J Freen-van Heeren, Virginia Palomares Cabeza, David Cobeta Lopez, Domenique Kivits, Irma Rensink, Annelies W Turksma, Anja Ten Brinke
T cells are instrumental in protecting the host against invading pathogens and the development of cancer. To do so, they produce effector molecules such as granzymes, interleukins, interferons, and perforin. For the development and immunomonitoring of therapeutic applications such as cell-based therapies and vaccines, assessing T cell effector function is paramount. This can be achieved through various methods, such as 51 Cr release assays, flow cytometry, and enzyme-linked immune absorbent spot (ELISpot) assays...
2024: Methods in Molecular Biology
#37
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rasmus Münter, Martin Bak, Mikkel E Thomsen, Ladan Parhamifar, Allan Stensballe, Jens B Simonsen, Kasper Kristensen, Thomas L Andresen
Cationic liposomes specifically target monocytes in blood, rendering them promising drug-delivery tools for cancer immunotherapy, vaccines, and therapies for monocytic leukaemia. The mechanism behind this monocyte targeting ability is, however, not understood, but may involve plasma proteins adsorbed on the liposomal surfaces. To shed light on this, we investigated the biomolecular corona of three different types of PEGylated cationic liposomes, finding all of them to adsorb hyaluronan-associated proteins and proteoglycans upon incubation in human blood plasma...
April 13, 2024: International Journal of Pharmaceutics
#38
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Sajjad Ahmad, Fatemeh Mobini Demneh, Bushra Rehman, Taghreed N Almanaa, Nahid Akhtar, Hamidreza Pazoki-Toroudi, Ali Shojaeian, Mahdi Ghatrehsamani, Samira Sanami
Infection with the hepatitis C virus (HCV) is one of the causes of liver cancer, which is the world's sixth most prevalent and third most lethal cancer. The current treatments do not prevent reinfection; because they are expensive, their usage is limited to developed nations. Therefore, a prophylactic vaccine is essential to control this virus. Hence, in this study, an immunoinformatics method was applied to design a multi-epitope vaccine against HCV. The best B- and T-cell epitopes from conserved regions of the E2 protein of seven HCV genotypes were joined with the appropriate linkers to design a multi-epitope vaccine...
April 13, 2024: International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
#39
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Rita Vieira, Diana Montezuma, Carla Barbosa, Isabel Macedo Pinto
Cervical cancer ranks as the third most common female cancer in Cape Verde and is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women in the country. While Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination, which started in 2021, is anticipated to significantly reduce disease incidence, cervical screening remains crucial for non-vaccinated women. We retrospectively reviewed gynecologic cytology exams and HPV tests performed in Cape Verde between 2017 and April 2023 and processed at IMP Diagnostics. For this study, we considered 13035 women with cytology examinations performed and, 2013 of these, also with an HPV molecular test...
April 13, 2024: Tumour virus research
#40
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lance Turtle, Sarah Elliot, Thomas M Drake, Mathew Thorpe, Emma G Khoury, William Greenhalf, Hayley E Hardwick, Gary Leeming, Andy Law, Wilna Oosthuyzen, Riinu Pius, Catherine A Shaw, J Kenneth Baillie, Peter J M Openshaw, Annemarie B Docherty, Malcolm G Semple, Ewen M Harrison, Carlo Palmieri
BACKGROUND: Patients with cancer are at greater risk of dying from COVID-19 than many other patient groups. However, how this risk evolved during the pandemic remains unclear. We aimed to determine, on the basis of the UK national pandemic protocol, how factors influencing hospital mortality from COVID-19 could differentially affect patients undergoing cancer treatment. We also examined changes in hospital mortality and escalation of care in patients on cancer treatment during the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic in the UK...
April 12, 2024: Lancet Oncology
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