Male aging

BACKGROUND: Coronary heart disease is one of the leading causes of mortality worldwide. Secondary prevention is essential, as it reduces the risk of further coronary events. Mobile health (mHealth) technology could become a useful tool to improve lifestyles. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an mHealth intervention on people with coronary heart disease who received percutaneous coronary intervention. Improvements in lifestyle regarding diet, physical activity, and smoking; level of knowledge of a healthy lifestyle and the control of cardiovascular risk factors (CVRFs); and therapeutic adherence and quality of life were analyzed...

IMPORTANCE: Limited evidence exists on the association between initiation of antihypertensive medication and risk of fractures in older long-term nursing home residents. OBJECTIVE: To assess the association between antihypertensive medication initiation and risk of fracture. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This was a retrospective cohort study using target trial emulation for data derived from 29 648 older long-term care nursing home residents in the Veterans Health Administration (VA) from January 1, 2006, to October 31, 2019...

IMPORTANCE: Prostate cancer guidelines often recommend obtaining magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) before a biopsy, yet MRI access is limited. To date, no randomized clinical trial has compared the use of novel biomarkers for risk estimation vs MRI-based diagnostic approaches for prostate cancer screening. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate biomarker-based risk estimation (Stockholm3 risk scores or prostate-specific antigen [PSA] levels) with systematic biopsies vs an MRI-enhanced strategy (PSA levels and MRI with systematic and targeted biopsy) for the detection of clinically significant prostate cancer in a screening setting...

IMPORTANCE: The PACIFIC trial established consolidation durvalumab as the standard of care following chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for patients with unresectable stage III non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Understanding its benefit in routine US clinical practice is critical. OBJECTIVE: To report characteristics, treatment patterns, and outcomes of patients who did or did not receive durvalumab. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Two prespecified cohorts were curated in this retrospective cohort study (SPOTLIGHT)...

PURPOSE: Retinal and optic nerve diseases have become the primary cause of irreversible vision loss and blindness. However, there is still a lack of thorough evaluation regarding their prevalence in China. METHODS: This artificial intelligence-based national screening study applied a previously developed deep learning algorithm, named the Retinal Artificial Intelligence Diagnosis System (RAIDS). De-identified personal medical records from January 2019 to December 2021 were extracted from 65 examination centers in 19 provinces of China...

The aim of this study was to investigate whether the histopathological findings of psoriasis varied by the biopsied lesion location. Age, gender, age at disease onset, lesion locations, presence or absence of a preliminary diagnosis of psoriasis, and histopathological findings of 307 patients were recorded. The sections prepared from the patients' paraffin blocks were reexamined microscopically, the severity of the observed findings was graded, and various histopathological features were recorded. The female-to-male ratio was 1...

IMPORTANCE: Restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic disrupted the lives of young children, but the association between the pandemic and any changes in early childhood developmental milestone achievement in the US remains unclear. OBJECTIVES: To determine the association between the COVID-19 pandemic and changes in developmental screening scores among US children aged 0 to 5 years and to investigate whether caregivers self-reported more worries about their children or concerns about children's behavior during the pandemic, regardless of milestone achievement...

IMPORTANCE: Evidence supports using antiplatelet therapy in patients with acute ischemic stroke. However, neurological deterioration remains common under the currently recommended antiplatelet regimen, leading to poor clinical outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To determine whether intravenous tirofiban administered within 24 hours of stroke onset prevents early neurological deterioration in patients with acute noncardioembolic stroke compared with oral aspirin. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This investigator-initiated, multicenter, open-label, randomized clinical trial with blinded end-point assessment was conducted at 10 comprehensive stroke centers in China between September 2020 and March 2023...

BACKGROUND: Caustic ingestions are relatively uncommon, but remain a significant source of morbidity. Patients with caustic injury often undergo an urgent EGD, although it is not clear if an EGD is routinely needed in an asymptomatic patient. The study has two primary objectives; 1) to determine the utility of routine EGD in asymptomatic suicidal caustic ingestions; 2) to determine if asymptomatic unintentional acidic ingestions can be managed with observation alone, similar to basic ingestions...

PURPOSE: There is limited research on the effects of maternal hyperandrogenism (MHA) on cardiometabolic risk factors in male offspring. We aimed to compare the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in sons of women with preconceptional hyperandrogenism (HA) to those of non-HA women in later life. METHODS: Using data obtained from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Cohort Study, with an average of 20 years follow-up, 1913 sons were divided into two groups based on their MHA status, sons with MHA (n = 523) and sons without MHA (controls n = 1390)...

INTRODUCTION: Voxel-based dosimetry offers improved outcomes in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with transarterial radioembolization (TARE) using glass microspheres. However, the adaptation of voxel-based dosimetry to resin-based microspheres has been poorly studied, and the prognostic relevance of heterogeneous dose distribution remains unclear. This study aims to explore the use of dose-volume histograms for resin microspheres and to determine thresholds for objective metabolic response in HCC patients treated with resin-based TARE...

ALPPS enables complete tumor resection in a shorter interval and a larger number of patients than classic two-stage hepatectomies. However, there is little evidence regarding long-term outcomes in patients with colorectal liver metastases (CLM). This study aims to evaluate the short and long-term outcomes of ALPPS in patients with CRM. Single-cohort, prospective, observational study. Patients with unresectable CLM due to insufficient liver remnant who underwent ALPPS between June 2011 and June 2021 were included...

BACKGROUND: Sepsis is a recognized global health challenge that places a considerable disease burden on countries. Although there has been some progress in the study of sepsis, the mortality rate of sepsis remains high. The relationship between serum osmolality and the prognosis of patients with sepsis is unclear. METHOD: Patients with sepsis who met the criteria in the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV database were included in the study. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were determined using multivariable Cox regression...

RATIONALE: Patients with schizophrenia with second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) treatment have shown an increased risk of bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture; however, it is still unclear whether this risk is derived from the effect of antipsychotics on balance of bone metabolism. OBJECTIVES: We investigated the changes of two bone turnover biomarkers (BTMs) concentrations in people with schizophrenia receiving SGAs: procollagen type I aminoterminal propeptide (PINP) and C-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX-1) as BTMs of osteogenesis and bone resorption, respectively, to explore how antipsychotics contribute to bone fragility...

OBJECTIVES: To compare characteristics and outcomes of vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) detected solely on isotopic cystography (IC) ("occult" VUR) with voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)-detected VUR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Between 2015 and 2020, we retrospectively enrolled all male children first undergoing VCUG and, if negative, IC in the same session. Kidney injury (KI) was defined by abnormal estimated glomerular filtration rate and/or blood pressure and/or proteinuria...

PURPOSE: Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) disease is an autosomal-dominantly inherited tumor predisposition syndrome. One of the most common tumors are central nervous system (CNS) hemangioblastomas. Recommendations on the initiation and continuation of the screening and surveillance program for CNS tumors in pediatric VHL patients are based on small case series and thus low evidence level. To derive more robust screening recommendations, we report on the largest monocentric pediatric cohort of VHL patients...

OBJECTIVE: Statistically model the likelihood of changes in the activities of daily living (ADLs) over time for three groups of older adults: those on a pension at all time periods, those never on a pension, and those who transition onto a public pension. METHODS: Our study used data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging (CLSA), a large national survey. We used data from baseline (2010-2015) and the first follow-up wave (2015-2018). We used logistic regression to model the likelihood of ADL changes in males and females by pension receipt status, controlling for several potential confounders and allowing for the impact of public pensions to be modified by baseline income...

PURPOSE: Physical activity has the potential to reduce the risk of diabetes after cancer diagnosis. However, current evidence supporting its effects is limited. This study aims to examine the associations between changes in physical activity and subsequent risk of diabetes among cancer survivors. METHODS: A total of 264,250 cancer survivors (mean age 56.7 (12.5) years, 44.2% males) without a prior history of diabetes were assessed for adherence to physical activity both before and after their diagnosis...

OBJECTIVES: The aim of the present study was to establish a reference interval (RI) for urine kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) in healthy cats. METHODS: History, physical examination, blood pressure, and feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus serology status were determined. A complete blood cell count, serum biochemical profile, urinalysis and kidney ultrasound were performed, and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide, total thyroxine (TT4) and urine KIM-1 were measured...

"At what age would you describe someone as old?" Perceptions of when old age begins might be prone to upward shifts because of historical increases in life expectancy and in retirement age, as well as because of better psychosocial functioning in later life. We investigated historical changes in within-person trajectories of the perceived onset of old age using data from 14,056 participants who entered the German Ageing Survey at age 40-85 years and who completed up to eight assessments across 25 years. Using longitudinal multilevel regression models, we found that at age 64, the average perceived onset of old age is at about age 75 years...