Labral

The large abundance of termites is partially achieved by their defensive abilities. Stylotermitidae represented by a single extant genus, Stylotermes, is a member of a termite group Neoisoptera that encompasses 83% of termite species and 94% of termite genera and is characterized by the presence of the frontal gland. Within Neoisoptera, Stylotermitidae represents a species-poor sister lineage of all other groups. We studied the structure of the frontal, labral and labial glands in soldiers and workers of Stylotermes faveolus, and the composition of the frontal gland secretion in S...

BACKGROUND: Hip arthroscopy is rapidly advancing, with positive published outcomes at short- and midterm follow-up; however, available long-term data remain limited. PURPOSE: To evaluate outcomes of primary hip arthroscopy at a minimum 10-year follow-up at 2 academic centers by describing patient-reported outcomes and determining reoperation and total hip arthroplasty (THA) rates. STUDY DESIGN: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. METHODS: Patients with primary hip arthroscopy performed between January 1988 and April 2013 at 2 academic centers were evaluated for postoperative patient-reported outcomes-including the visual analog scale, Tegner Activity Scale score, Hip Outcome Score Activities of Daily Living and Sport Specific subscales, modified Harris Hip Score, Nonarthritic Hip Score, 12-item International Hip Outcome Tool, surgery satisfaction, and reoperations...

BACKGROUND: Over the past decade, hip arthroscopy has become more commonly used in the treatment of patients with femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) as well as those with many other intra-articular hip pathologies. As such, the indications for open surgical hip dislocation have narrowed to include complex intra-articular and extra-articular bony morphologies and revision hip preservation. Although surgical hip dislocation has been established as an effective approach, previous research using contemporary indications has been limited primarily to smaller cohorts with short-term follow-up...

Background: An osteochondral defect in the hip can be a painful and limiting pathologic process. The damaged joint may progress into premature osteoarthritis, further limiting a patient's functionality. Case Report: A 24-year-old male presented to the clinic with left hip pain. The patient had been involved in a motor vehicle accident 3 years prior to presentation to our clinic. His injury from the high-speed accident required intramedullary rod fixation for a right-sided (contralateral) subtrochanteric femur fracture...

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were (1) to define the time to achievement of clinically significant outcomes (CSOs) following primary gluteus medius and/or minimus (GM) repair and (2) to identify factors associated with delayed CSO achievement. METHODS: Patients who underwent primary GM repair between January 2012 and June 2021 with complete preoperative, 6-month, 1-year, and 2-year Hip Outcome Score - Activities of Daily Living (HOS-ADL) were retrospectively identified...

Disability due to iliopsoas (IP) pain and dysfunction is underdiagnosed in the athletic population. The IP unit consists of the psoas major and iliacus muscles converging to form the IP tendon and is responsible primarily for hip flexion strength but has a number of secondary contributions such as femoral movement, trunk rotation, core stabilization, and dynamic anterior stability to the hip joint. As the IP passes in front of the anterior acetabulum and labrum, the diagnosis of IP pain may be confused with labral tearing seen on magnetic resonance imaging...

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BACKGROUND: Large, circumferential glenoid labral tears are an uncommon injury affecting young, athletic patients. There is limited data describing the clinical presentation of patients with larger tears, especially 270- and 360-degree labral tears. Additionally, exam and imaging findings have poor reliability in diagnosing these tears. The purpose of this study is to determine the clinical presentation among patients presenting with small (less than 180 degrees), medium (180-270 degrees), and large (270-360 degrees) labral tears...

BACKGROUND: Obligate blood-feeding insects obtain the nutrients and water necessary to ensure survival from the vertebrate blood. The internal taste sensilla, situated in the pharynx, evaluate the suitability of the ingested food. Here, through multiple approaches, we characterized the pharyngeal organ (PO) of the hematophagous kissing bug Rhodnius prolixus to determine its role in food assessment. The PO, located antero-dorsally in the pharynx, comprises eight taste sensilla that become bathed with the incoming blood...

A number of species of Chydorus Leach, 1816 (Crustacea: Cladocera) need improvements in their taxonomy much more than any other genus within the family Chydoridae Dybowsky & Grochowski, 1894 emend. Frey, 1967, which makes the systematics of the genus still a puzzle that lacks several pieces. Here, we redescribe the African species Chydorus tilhoi Rey & Saint-Jeans, 1969 and compare its morphology with that of Chydorus sphaericus (O.F. Mller, 1776). The two taxa might be easily differentiated because C...

Soccer participation is increasing among female adolescents with a concomitant rise of injuries in this group. Age- and sex-related factors, such as the transition from skeletal immaturity to skeletal maturity as well as anatomic, physiologic, neuromuscular, and behavioral differences between females and males, all play a role in injury patterns for these athletes. Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tears in this group have received a great deal of attention in the medical literature and the media in recent years with increasing knowledge about causative factors, surgical management, and injury prevention...

BACKGROUND: Arthroscopic treatment of femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and symptomatic labral tears confers short- to midterm benefits, yet further long-term evidence is needed. Moreover, despite the physiological and biomechanical significance of the chondrolabral junction (CLJ), the clinical implications of damage to this transition zone remain understudied. PURPOSE: To (1) report minimum 8-year survivorship and patient-reported outcome measures after hip arthroscopy for FAI and (2) characterize associations between outcomes and patient characteristics (age, body mass index, sex), pathological parameters (Tönnis angle, alpha angle, type of FAI, CLJ breakdown), and procedures performed (labral management, FAI treatment, microfracture)...

BACKGROUND: Biceps tenodesis is a common treatment for pathologies involving the long head of the biceps brachii. Given variations in surgical approach, focus has been placed on the location of the tenodesis to maintain appropriate length-tension relationship. The purpose of this study is to assess for variations in the tunnel placement in subpectoral biceps tenodesis procedures and correlation of tunnel position with patient-reported outcomes. METHODS: This is a retrospective case series of outcomes as a function of tunnel location with open subpectoralis biceps tenodesis...

OBJECTIVE: To define the reporting of Scoring Hip Osteoarthritis with MRI (SHOMRI) feature prevalence and severity, and to develop criteria to monitor feature change in longitudinal investigations. METHODS: Twenty-five participants (50 hips) of the femoroacetabular impingement and hip osteoarthritis cohort study underwent baseline and 2-year follow-up 3 T hip MRIs. Eight hip OA features were assessed using the SHOMRI. All MRIs were read paired with knowledge of timepoint by two blinded musculoskeletal radiologists...

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the effect of modern hip arthroscopy on the natural history of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome (FAIS) with respect to joint preservation. PURPOSE: To (1) characterize the natural history of FAIS and (2) understand the effect of modern hip arthroscopy by radiographically comparing the hips of patients who underwent only unilateral primary hip arthroscopy with a minimum follow-up of 10 years. STUDY DESIGN: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3...

BACKGROUND: Traumatic, posterior hip dislocations in the pediatric population are typically managed by closed reduction to achieve a concentric hip joint. The presence of an acetabular "fleck" sign, despite concentric reduction, has been shown to signify significant hip pathology. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of open labral repair through a surgical hip dislocation (SHD) in a consecutive series of patients with an acetabular "fleck" sign associated with a traumatic hip dislocation/subluxation...

BACKGROUND: Symptomatic acetabular labral insufficiency in young, active patients is often treated with labral repair or reconstruction using fresh-frozen allografts. However, fresh-frozen tendon allografts do not have tissue or material properties that closely mimic acetabular labral fibrocartilage. Recent studies suggest meniscal allografts may be a better biomechanical, geometric, and material alternative for acetabular labrum reconstruction (ALR). HYPOTHESIS: Patients undergoing open ALR using fresh meniscus allograft transplants (MAT) will have better outcomes than those using fresh-frozen tendon allografts transplants (TAT) when comparing initial treatment success, diagnostic imaging assessments, and patient-reported pain and function scores...

Trends in hip arthroscopy show that labral repair and preservation, capsular repair and preservation, and treatment of FAI during hip arthroscopy are associated with superior short-term and mid- to longer-term outcomes. Hip arthroscopy, and in particular arthroscopic femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) correction, is in its infancy compared to many other orthopaedic procedures. As we assimilate knowledge, data, and evidence-based research, it is critical to evaluate surgical trends and how they affect our management of these patients and pathologies...

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: The critical shoulder angle (CSA) is formed by the combination of glenoid inclination and acromial index and has been shown related to rotator cuff tears and glenohumeral osteoarthritis. SLAP lesions today have an important place among bicipitolabral pathologies that cause intensive shoulder pain. We aimed to investigate the relationship between CSA and glenoid depth and SLAP lesions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Between March 2017 and January 2022, 279 consecutive shoulder arthroscopy patients' MRI images were retrospectively examined...

BACKGROUND: Recent scientific work shows that the most common injuries in CrossFit© occur in the shoulder joint. This paper aims to provide a review of shoulder pathologies in a young CrossFit© cohort via MRI and clinical examination. METHODS: A survey was conducted in 13 CrossFit "boxes" in Germany, in which athletes with recurrent shoulder pain could report for a clinical examination and MRI diagnostic. Fifty-one CrossFit athletes with chronic shoulder pain agreed to participate in the study and were then examined physically and by MRI...