Nonin

The BioPoint is a new wireless and wearable device, targeting both the ambulatory and on-site monitoring of biosignals. It is described as being capable of streaming and recording the i) electromyography, ii) electrocardiography, iii) electrodermal activity, iv) photoplethysmography, v) skin temperature and vi) actigraphy simultaneously, while making the raw signals recorded by the sensors readily available. However, an in-depth assessment of the biophysical signals recorded by this device, as well as its ability to derive vital signs and other health metrics, remains to be carried out...

BACKGROUND: Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) provides regional tissue oxygenation (rSO2 ) even in pulseless states, such as out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). Brain rSO2 seems to be important predictor of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Aim of our study was to explore feasibility for monitoring and detecting changes of skeletal muscle rSO2 during resuscitation. METHODS: Skeletal muscle and brain rSO2 were measured by NIRS (SenSmart Model X-100, Nonin, USA) during CPR in adult patient with OHCA...

The foraging behavior of the infective juveniles (IJs) of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) relies on host-derived compounds, but in a tri-trophic context, herbivore-induced root volatiles act as signals enhancing the biological control of insect pests by recruiting EPNs. In southern Chile, the EPN Steinernema australe exhibits the potential to control the raspberry weevil, Aegorhinus superciliosus, a key pest of blueberry Vaccinium corymbosum . However, there is no information on the quality of the blueberry root volatile plume or the S...

Noninvasive quantification of dermal diseases aids efficacy studies and paves the way for broader enrollment in clinical studies across varied demographics. Related to atopic dermatitis, accurate quantification of the onset and resolution of inflammatory flare-ups in the skin remains challenging, as the commonly used macroscale cues do not necessarily represent the underlying inflammation at the cellular level. Although atopic dermatitis affects over 10% of Americans, the genetic underpinnings and cellular level phenomena causing the physical manifestation of the disease require more clarity...

An accurate SpO2 value is critical in order to optimally titrate oxygen delivery to patients and to follow oxygenation guidelines. Limited prospective data exist on real world performance of pulse oximeters in critically ill patients. The objective of this study was to assess accuracy and bias of the SpO2 values measured by several oximeters in hospitalized patients.We included stable adults in the intensive care unit with an arterial catheter in place. Main exclusion criteria were poor SpO2 signal, and SpO2 > 96%...

(1) Background: Cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) patients have impairment in the autonomic nervous system, reflected in the cardiovascular adaption level during the performance of upper limb (UL) activities carried out in the rehabilitation process. This adaption level could be measured from the heart rate (HR) by means of wearable technologies. Therefore, the objective was to analyze the feasibility of using Xiaomi Mi Band 5 wristband (XMB5) for HR monitoring in these patients during the performance of UL activities; (2) Methods: The HR measurements obtained from XMB5 were compared to those obtained by the professional medical equipment Nonin LifeSense II capnograph and pulse oximeter (NLII) in static and dynamic conditions...

OBJECTIVES: To determine the reliability of peripheral oxygen haemoglobin saturation (SpO2 ), measured by a Nonin PalmSAT 2500A pulse oximeter with 2000T transflectance probes at four attachment sites (third eyelid, cheek, rectum and tail), by comparing these measurements to arterial oxygen haemoglobin saturation (SaO2 ), measured by an AVOXimeter 4000 co-oximeter reference method in immobilized white rhinoceros (Ceratotherium simum). STUDY DESIGN: Randomized crossover study...

BACKGROUND: During prehospital anaesthesia, oxygen delivery to the brain might be inadequate to match the oxygen consumption, with unknown long-term functional outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of monitoring cerebral oxygenation during prehospital anaesthesia and determining the long-term outcomes. METHODS: We performed a prospective observational feasibility study in two helicopter emergency medical services units. Frontal lobe regional oxygen saturation (rSO2 ) of adult patients undergoing prehospital anaesthesia was monitored with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) by a Nonin H500 oximeter...

BACKGROUND: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) affects millions of Americans and has a high economic impact partially due to frequent Emergency Room (ER) visits and hospitalizations. Advances in digital health have made it possible to collect data remotely from multiple devices to assist in managing chronic diseases such as COPD. OBJECTIVE: In this pilot study, we evaluated the ability of COPD patients to use the Wellinks® mHealth platform to collect information from multiple modalities important to the management of COPD...

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Aim: Impaired sleep quality and sleep oxygenation are common sleep pathologies. This study assessed the impact of these abnormalities on white matter (WM) integrity in an epidemiological cohort. Methods: The target population was the Framingham Heart Study Generation-2/Omni-1 Cohorts. Magnetic resonance imaging (diffusion tensor imaging) was used to assess WM integrity. Wearable digital devices were used to assess sleep quality: the (M1-SleepImage™ system) and the Nonin WristOx for nocturnal oxygenation...

The challenges presented by the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic to the National Health Service (NHS) in the United Kingdom (UK) led to a rapid adaptation of infection disease protocols in-hospital. In this paper we report on the optimisation of our wearable ambulatory monitoring system (AMS) to monitor COVID-19 patients on isolation wards. A wearable chest patch (VitalPatch®, VitalConnect, United States of America, USA) and finger-worn pulse oximeter (WristOx2® 3150, Nonin, USA) were used to estimate and transmit continuous Heart Rate (HR), Respiratory Rate (RR), and peripheral blood Oxygen Saturation (SpO2 ) data from ambulatory patients on these isolation wards to nurse bays remote from these patients, with a view to minimising the risk of infection for nursing staff...

Staphylococci are pathogenic biofilm-forming bacteria and a source of multidrug resistance and/or tolerance causing a broad spectrum of infections. These bacteria are enclosed in a matrix that allows them to colonize medical devices, such as catheters and tissues, and that protects against antibiotics and immune systems. Advances in antibiofilm strategies for targeting this matrix are therefore extremely relevant. Here, we describe the development of the Capsicum pepper bioinspired peptide "capsicumicine." By using microbiological, microscopic, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) approaches, we demonstrate that capsicumicine strongly prevents methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm via an extracellular "matrix anti-assembly" mechanism of action...

INTRODUCTION: Overnight pulse oximetry is an alternative to polysomnography (PSG) in diagnosing obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome, but its sensitivity is reported to be low. AIMS: To determine the (a) diagnostic accuracy, interobserver reliability and reliable oxygen desaturation index of 4% (ODI4 ) score at diagnosing obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in children and (b) correlation between the apnoea hypopnoea index (AHI) with ODI4 and oxygen nadir between both PSG and oximetry...

Detergent-soluble proteins (DSPs) are commonly dissolved in lipid buffers for NMR experiments, but the huge lipid proton signal prevents recording of high-quality spectra. The use of costly deuterated lipids is thus required to replace non-deuterated ones. With conventional methods, detergents like dodecylphosphocholine (DPC) cannot be fully exchanged due to their high binding affinity to hydrophobic proteins. We propose an original and simple protocol which combines the use of acetonitrile, dialysis and lyophilization to disrupt the binding of lipids to the protein and allow their indirect replacement by their deuterated equivalents, while maintaining the native structure of the protein...

Bacterial type I toxin-antitoxin systems are two-component genetic modules that encode a stable toxic protein whose ectopic overexpression can lead to growth arrest or cell death, and an unstable RNA antitoxin that inhibits toxin translation during growth. These systems are widely spread among bacterial species. Type I antitoxins are cis - or trans -encoded antisense small RNAs that interact with toxin-encoding mRNAs by pairing, thereby inhibiting toxin mRNA translation and/or inducing its degradation. Under environmental stress conditions, the up-regulation of the toxin and/or the antitoxin degradation by specific RNases promote toxin translation...

Background: Anoxic brain injury is a common mode of death following out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA). We assessed the course of regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2 ) at the outset and during first responder resuscitation to understand its relationship with return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and functional survival. Methods: We undertook a prospective observational investigation of adult OHCA patients treated by a first-responder EMS agency in King County, WA. Cerebral oximetry was performed using the SenSmart® Model X-100 Universal Oximetry System (Nonin Medical, Inc)...

BACKGROUND: Although silent brain infarction is an independent risk factor for subsequent symptomatic stroke and dementia in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation, little is known regarding differences in risk factors for silent brain infarction between patients with paroxysmal and persistent nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. METHODS: This study population consisted of 190 neurologically asymptomatic patients (mean age, 64 ± 11 years) with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (119 paroxysmal, 71 persistent) who were scheduled for catheter ablation...

INTRODUCTION: The most common cause of preventable death on the battlefield is significant blood loss, eventually causing decrease in tissue oxygen delivery. Pulse oximeters (POs) are widely used by the Israeli Defense Forces to obtain fast and noninvasive information about peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2). However, POs are produced by different manufacturers and therefore include different sensors and are based on distinctive algorithms. This makes them susceptible to different errors caused by factors varying from environmental conditions to the severity of injury...

The coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has forced frontline health care teams to make radical and rapid adjustments. Aside from the danger of catalysing and integrating, the crisis provides an opportunity to rediscover the very essence of the art of caring: an ability to be present for oneself, for others and for the world. This pandemic is shattering everyone's comfort zones, on the social, professional, psychological and ethical level. It is reviving our profound humanity, imposing with humility coordinated actions, while allowing a degree of subsidiarity in the adjustments...