Bubble

The dynamic change of redox conditions is a key factor in emission of elemental mercury (Hg0 ) from riparian soils. The objective of this study was to elucidate the influences of redox conditions on Hg0 emission from riparian soils. Soil suspension experiments were conducted to measure Hg0 emission from five Hg-contaminated soil samples in two redox conditions (i.e., treated with air or with N2 ). In four of the five samples, Hg0 emission was higher in air treatment than on N2 treatment. Remaining one soil, which has higher organic matter than other soils, showed no distinct difference in Hg0 production between air and N2 treatment...

Properly selecting landfill sites for waste disposal is crucial for mitigating environmental and public health risks. Geographic Information Systems (GISs) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques have emerged as valuable tools for identifying suitable landfill locations. This study presents a systematic mapping study (SMS) that investigates the usage of GIS and AI in landfill site selection. We searched six databases (IEEE Xplore, ACM Digital Library, Science Direct, Emerald Insight, Taylor & Francis Online and Web of Science) using predefined keywords related to landfills, GIS and AI...

PURPOSE: To observe the growth and resolution of decompression gas bubbles in the spinal cord of live rats in real time using MRI. METHODS: We constructed an MRI-compatible pressure chamber system to visualize gas bubble dynamics in deep tissues in real time. The system pressurizes and depressurizes rodents inside an MRI scanner and monitors their respiratory rate, heart rate, and body temperature while providing gaseous anesthesia under pressure during the experiments...

BACKGROUND: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is a cutting-edge life-support measure for patients with severe cardiac and pulmonary illnesses. Although there are several systematic reviews (SRs) about ECMO, it remains to be seen how quality they are and how efficacy and safe the information about ECMO they describe is in these SRs. Therefore, performing an overview of available SRs concerning ECMO is crucial. METHODS: We searched four electronic databases from inception to January 2023 to identify SRs with or without meta-analyses...

Pneumo-membranous labyrinth is an almost unique condition, in which air extends into the membranous labyrinth, filling the endolymphatic sac through the vestibular aqueduct. In this manuscript, we describe and discuss a case of pneumo-membranous labyrinth, with air bubbles extending also to the endolymphatic sac, resulting in anacusis, following hyperbaric oxygen therapy for sudden sensorineural hearing loss. The patient was successfully rehabilitated with a cochlear implant, obtaining a pure-tone average of 30 dB, with a speech discrimination score of 100% at 70 dB...

Platypnea-orthodeoxia syndrome (POS) is a rare clinical condition characterized by positional dyspnea and/or hypoxia. We report two cases of patients with COVID-19 bronchopneumonia with a torpid evolution. Due to clinical suspicion of POS, a diagnostic workup was performed, including a bubble echocardiography, which revealed a patent foramen ovale (PFO) with early and massive passage of bubbles to the left cavities. Both patients underwent percutaneous PFO closure with a resolution of POS. Here, we present the second and third cases of POS associated with PFO successfully closed during the acute phase of COVID-19...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is increasingly becoming a major public health concern in our society. While many studies have explored the use of natural polyketides, alkaloids, and other chemical components in AD treatment, there is an urgent need to clarify the concept of multi-target treatment for AD. This study focuses on using network pharmacology approach to elucidate how secondary metabolites from Dictyostelium discoideum affect AD through multi-target or indirect mechanisms. The secondary metabolites produced by D...

Liquid organic hydrogen carrier is a promising option for the transport and storage of hydrogen as a clean energy source. This study examines the stability and behavior of organic drops immobilized on a substrate during an interfacial hydrogen-evolution reaction (HER) at the drop surface and its surrounding aqueous solution. Hydrogen microbubbles form within the drop and rise to the drop apex. The growth rate of the hydrogen in-drop bubble increases with the concentration of the reactant in the surrounding medium...

As the most abundant natural homo-polymer, cellulose has the potential to enhance polymer properties reducing the cost of raw materials. In this work, the carboxylate cellulose nanofiber (CNF-C) was selected to modify polylactic acid (PLA) foams, and the density functional theory was constructed to help analyze the foaming mechanism quantitatively. The theoretical results showed that the ordered structure, the carboxyl and the hydroxyl of CNF-C were more conducive to providing much stronger CO2 adsorption for bubble nucleation, where the predicted critical bubble size decreased and the cell density increased with the content of CNF-C...

HYPOTHESIS: Naturally extracted polysaccharides, such as guar gum, are promising candidates for environmentally friendly flotation reagents. It is hypothesized that the kinetics of collision of sub- to millimeter gas bubbles with a hydrophobic graphite surface, and the stability of thin liquid film formed between the bubble and surface is affected by an adsorbed layer of guar gum. EXPERIMENTS: A combination of gravimetric (quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation) and imaging (atomic force microscopy) techniques was used to investigate the adsorption of guar gum on graphite surface, while high-speed camera imaging allowed for direct observation of the bubble collision process with guar gum-modified graphite surfaces with millisecond resolution...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the ratio between the graft and host corneal size (RGH) on postoperative complications, such as immune reactions, re-bubbling rate and endothelial cell loss (ECL) after Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK). PATIENTS AND METHODS: Retrospectively, 457 patient eyes were included which had undergone surgery between 2016 and 2019 in the Department of Ophthalmology, Saarland University Medical Center in Homburg/Saar using DMEK or triple DMEK, diagnosed as Fuchs' endothelial dystrophy (n = 431), pseudophakic bullous keratopathy (n = 9) and others (n = 17)...

Tissue ablation techniques have long been used in clinical settings to treat various oncologic diseases. However, many of these techniques are invasive and can cause substantial adverse effects. Histotripsy is a noninvasive, nonionizing, nonthermal tissue ablation technique that has the potential to replace surgical interventions in various clinical settings. Histotripsy works by delivering high-intensity focused ultrasound waves to target tissue. These waves create cavitation bubbles within tissues that rapidly expand and collapse, thereby mechanically fractionating the tissue into acellular debris that is subsequently absorbed by the body's immune system...

OBJECTIVES: To compare high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) versus nasal prong bubble continuous positive airway pressure (b-CPAP) in children with moderate to severe acute bronchiolitis. DESIGN: A randomized controlled trial was carried out from August 2019 to February 2022. (Clinical Trials Registry of India number CTRI/2019/07/020402). SETTING: Pediatric emergency ward and ICU within a tertiary care center in India. PATIENTS: Children 1-23 months old with moderate to severe acute bronchiolitis...

Capillary metal tubes have attracted considerable interest for flexible electronics, portable devices, trace sampling, and detection. Tailoring the microstructure and wettability inside the capillary tubes is of paramount importance, yet it presents great difficulty because of the spatial confinement. Here, the coupling effect is revealed between the fluidic and electric field induced by bubble motion in a confined space during anodic oxidation. By controlling the bubble regeneration and flow rate, uniform and superhydrophilic TiO2 nanotube arrays are developed throughout the inner surface of an ultrafine Ti tube with a diameter of 0...

INTRODUCTION: Diabetic foot infection (DFI) is one of the complications of diabetes mellitus. Clindamycin (CLY) is one of the antibiotics recommended to treat DFI, but CLY given orally and intravenously still causes many side effects. METHODS: In this study, we encapsulated CLY in a bacteria sensitive microparticle system (MP-CLY) using polycaprolactone (PCL) polymer. MP-CLY was then delivered in a separable effervescent microarray patch (MP-CLY-SEMAP), which has the ability to separate between the needle layer and separable layer due to the formation of air bubbles when interacting with interstitial fluid in the skin...

The disintegration of raw sludge is of importance for enhancing biogas production and facilitates the degradation of substrates for microorganisms so that the efficiency of digestion can be increased. In this study, the effect of hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) as a pretreatment approach for waste activated sludge (WAS) was investigated at two upstream pressures (0.83 and 1.72 MPa) by using a milli-scale apparatus which makes sludge pass through an orifice with a restriction at the cross section of the flow. The HC probe made of polyether ether ketone (PEEK) material was tested using potassium iodide solution and it was made sure that cavitation occurred at the selected pressures...

BACKGROUND Several factors have been reported as possible predictors of intestinal necrosis in patients with portal venous gas (PVG). We describe potential indicators of intestinal necrosis in PVG identified by contrasting 3 episodes of PVG in a patient on hemodialysis against previously verified factors. CASE REPORT An 82-year-old woman undergoing hemodialysis was admitted to our hospital thrice for acute abdominal pain. On first admission, she was alert, with a body temperature of 36.3°C, blood pressure (BP) of 125/53 mmHg, pulse rate of 60/min, respiratory rate of 18/min, and 100% oxygen saturation on room air...

Increasing occurrences of Microcystis surface scum have been observed in the context of global climate change and the increase in anthropogenic pollution, causing deteriorating water quality in aquatic ecosystems. Previous studies on scum formation mainly focus on the buoyancy-driven floating process of larger Microcystis colonies, neglecting other potential mechanisms. To study the non-buoyancy-driven rapid flotation of Microcystis , we here investigate the floating processes of two strains of single-cell species ( Microcystis aeruginosa and Microcystis wesenbergii ), which are typically buoyant, under light conditions (150 μmol photons s-1 m-2 )...

BACKGROUND: This multicentre case-control study aimed to identify risk factors associated with non-operative treatment failure for patients with CT scan Hinchey Ib-IIb and WSES Ib-IIa diverticular abscesses. METHODS: This study included a cohort of adult patients experiencing their first episode of CT-diagnosed diverticular abscess, all of whom underwent initial non-operative treatment comprising either antibiotics alone or in combination with percutaneous drainage...

High heat transfer coefficient (HTC) and critical heat flux (CHF) are achieved in liquid film boiling by coupling vibrant vapor bubbles with a capillary liquid film, which has thus received increased interest for thermal management of high-power electronics. Although some experimental progress has been made, a high-fidelity heat transfer model for liquid film boiling is lacking. This work develops a thermal-hydrodynamic model by considering both evaporation atop the wick and nucleate boiling inside the wick to simultaneously predict the HTC and CHF...