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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kristian Blom, Kevin Song, Etienne Vouga, Aljaž Godec, Dmitrii E Makarov
Many nonequilibrium, active processes are observed at a coarse-grained level, where different microscopic configurations are projected onto the same observable state. Such "lumped" observables display memory, and in many cases, the irreversible character of the underlying microscopic dynamics becomes blurred, e.g., when the projection hides dissipative cycles. As a result, the observations appear less irreversible, and it is very challenging to infer the degree of broken time-reversal symmetry. Here we show, contrary to intuition, that by ignoring parts of the already coarse-grained state space we may-via a process called milestoning-improve entropy-production estimates...
April 23, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#2
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yan Q Chen, Ye Yang, Eugene Y Zhen, Thomas P Beyer, Hongxia Li, Yi Wen, Mariam Ehsani, Nicholas Jackson, Katherine Xie, Hyesoo Jung, Julia L Scheithauer, Anni Kumari, Gabriel Birrane, Anna M Russell, Deepa Balasubramaniam, Zhongping Liao, Robert W Siegel, Yuewei Qian, Michael Ploug, Stephen G Young, Robert J Konrad
Apolipoprotein AV (APOA5) lowers plasma triglyceride (TG) levels by binding to the angiopoietin-like protein 3/8 complex (ANGPTL3/8) and suppressing its capacity to inhibit lipoprotein lipase (LPL) catalytic activity and its ability to detach LPL from binding sites within capillaries. However, the sequences in APOA5 that are required for suppressing ANGPTL3/8 activity have never been defined. A clue to the identity of those sequences was the presence of severe hypertriglyceridemia in two patients harboring an APOA5 mutation that truncates APOA5 by 35 residues ("APOA5Δ35")...
April 23, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#3
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Zhongxuan Wang, Qian Wang, Weiyi Gong, Amy Chen, Abdullah Islam, Lina Quan, Taylor J Woehl, Qimin Yan, Shenqiang Ren
Growing crystallographically incommensurate and dissimilar organic materials is fundamentally intriguing but challenging for the prominent cross-correlation phenomenon enabling unique magnetic, electronic, and optical functionalities. Here, we report the growth of molecular layered magnet-in-ferroelectric crystals, demonstrating photomanipulation of interfacial ferroic coupling. The heterocrystals exhibit striking photomagnetization and magnetoelectricity, resulting in photomultiferroic coupling and complete change of their color while inheriting ferroelectricity and magnetism from the parent phases...
April 23, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#4
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Poorna A Dharmasri, Aaron D Levy, Thomas A Blanpied
A key feature of excitatory synapses is the existence of subsynaptic protein nanoclusters (NCs) whose precise alignment across the cleft in a transsynaptic nanocolumn influences the strength of synaptic transmission. However, whether nanocolumn properties vary between excitatory synapses functioning in different cellular contexts is unknown. We used a combination of confocal and DNA-PAINT super-resolution microscopy to directly compare the organization of shared scaffold proteins at two important excitatory synapses-those forming onto excitatory principal neurons (Ex→Ex synapses) and those forming onto parvalbumin-expressing interneurons (Ex→PV synapses)...
April 23, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#5
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Elise Iracane, Cristina Arias-Sardá, Corinne Maufrais, Iuliana V Ene, Christophe d'Enfert, Alessia Buscaino
RNA interference (RNAi) is a fundamental regulatory pathway with a wide range of functions, including regulation of gene expression and maintenance of genome stability. Although RNAi is widespread in the fungal kingdom, well-known species, such as the model yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae , have lost the RNAi pathway. Until now evidence has been lacking for a fully functional RNAi pathway in Candida albicans , a human fungal pathogen considered critically important by the World Health Organization. Here, we demonstrated that the widely used C...
April 23, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#6
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Alexis Bougouin, Bloen Metzger, Yoël Forterre, Pascal Boustingorry, Henri Lhuissier
Pipe flows are commonly found in nature and industry as an effective mean of transporting fluids. They are primarily characterized by their resistance law, which relates the mean flow rate to the driving pressure gradient. Since Poiseuille and Hagen, various flow regimes and fluid rheologies have been investigated, but the behavior of shear-thickening suspensions, which jam above a critical shear stress, remains poorly understood despite important applications (e.g., concrete or food processing). In this study, we build on recent advances in the physics of shear-thickening suspensions to address their flow through pipes and establish their resistance law...
April 23, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#7
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Marieke M B Hoekstra, Natalie Ness, Aina Badia-Soteras, Marco Brancaccio
Circadian regulation and temperature dependency are important orchestrators of molecular pathways. How the integration between these two drivers is achieved, is not understood. We monitored circadian- and temperature-dependent effects on transcription dynamics of cold-response protein RNA Binding Motif 3 (Rbm3). Temperature changes in the mammalian master circadian pacemaker, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), induced Rbm3 transcription and regulated its circadian periodicity, whereas the core clock gene Per2 was unaffected...
April 23, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#8
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Lanfang Que, Fuda Yu, Jihuai Wu, Zhang Lan, Yutong Feng, Ruizheng Zhao, Zhihao Sun, Zhuo Yang, Hao Luo, Dongliang Chao
Voltage oscillation at subzero in sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) has been a common but overlooked scenario, almost yet to be understood. For example, the phenomenon seriously deteriorates the performance of Na3 V2 (PO4 )3 (NVP) cathode in PC (propylene carbonate)/EC (ethylene carbonate)-based electrolyte at -20 °C. Here, the correlation between voltage oscillation, structural evolution, and electrolytes has been revealed based on theoretical calculations, in-/ex-situ techniques, and cross-experiments. It is found that the local phase transition of the Na3 V2 (PO4 )3 (NVP) cathode in PC/EC-based electrolyte at -20 °C should be responsible for the oscillatory phenomenon...
April 23, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#9
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Anke Treuner-Lange, Weili Zheng, Albertus Viljoen, Steffi Lindow, Marco Herfurth, Yves F Dufrêne, Lotte Søgaard-Andersen, Edward H Egelman
Type IVa pili (T4aP) are ubiquitous cell surface filaments important for surface motility, adhesion to surfaces, DNA uptake, biofilm formation, and virulence. T4aP are built from thousands of copies of the major pilin subunit and tipped by a complex composed of minor pilins and in some systems also the PilY1 adhesin. While major pilins of structurally characterized T4aP have lengths of <165 residues, the major pilin PilA of Myxococcus xanthus is unusually large with 208 residues. All major pilins have a conserved N-terminal domain and a variable C-terminal domain, and the additional residues of PilA are due to a larger C-terminal domain...
April 23, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#10
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Duc Minh Nguyen, Deanna H Rath, Dominic Devost, Darlaine Pétrin, Robert Rizk, Alan X Ji, Naveen Narayanan, Darren Yong, Andrew Zhai, Douglas A Kuntz, Maha U Q Mian, Neil C Pomroy, Alexander F A Keszei, Samir Benlekbir, Mohammad T Mazhab-Jafari, John L Rubinstein, Terence E Hébert, Gilbert G Privé
Heterotrimeric G proteins can be regulated by posttranslational modifications, including ubiquitylation. KCTD5, a pentameric substrate receptor protein consisting of an N-terminal BTB domain and a C-terminal domain, engages CUL3 to form the central scaffold of a cullin-RING E3 ligase complex (CRL3KCTD5 ) that ubiquitylates Gβγ and reduces Gβγ protein levels in cells. The cryo-EM structure of a 5:5:5 KCTD5/CUL3NTD /Gβ1 γ2 assembly reveals a highly dynamic complex with rotations of over 60° between the KCTD5BTB /CUL3NTD and KCTD5CTD /Gβγ moieties of the structure...
April 23, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#11
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Stefania Bellone, Kyungjo Jeong, Mari Kyllesø Halle, Camilla Krakstad, Blair McNamara, Michelle Greenman, Levent Mutlu, Cem Demirkiran, Tobias Max Philipp Hartwich, Yang Yang-Hartwich, Margherita Zipponi, Natalia Buza, Pei Hui, Francesco Raspagliesi, Salvatore Lopez, Biagio Paolini, Massimo Milione, Emanuele Perrone, Giovanni Scambia, Gary Altwerger, Antonella Ravaggi, Eliana Bignotti, Gloria S Huang, Vaagn Andikyan, Mitchell Clark, Elena Ratner, Masoud Azodi, Peter E Schwartz, Charles M Quick, Roberto Angioli, Corrado Terranova, Samir Zaidi, Shuvro Nandi, Ludmil B Alexandrov, Eric R Siegel, Jungmin Choi, Joseph Schlessinger, Alessandro D Santin
High-grade neuroendocrine cervical cancers (NETc) are exceedingly rare, highly aggressive tumors. We analyzed 64 NETc tumor samples by whole-exome sequencing (WES). Human papillomavirus DNA was detected in 65.6% (42/64) of the tumors. Recurrent mutations were identified in PIK3CA, KMT2D/MLL2, K-RAS, ARID1A, NOTCH2, and RPL10. The top mutated genes included RB1, ARID1A, PTEN, KMT2D / MLL2, and WDFY3, a gene not yet implicated in NETc. Somatic CNV analysis identified two copy number gains (3q27.1 and 19q13.12) and five copy number losses (1p36...
April 23, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#12
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Kelou Jin, Jie Wu, Ran Zhang, Shen Zhang, Xiaoyan Wu, Tingting Wu, Ruolei Gu, Chao Liu
Studying heroism in controlled settings presents challenges and ethical controversies due to its association with physical risk. Leveraging virtual reality (VR) technology, we conducted a three-study series with 397 participants from China to investigate heroic actions. Participants unexpectedly witnessed a criminal event in a simulated scenario, allowing observation of their tendency to physically intercept a thief. We examined situational factors (voluntariness, authority, and risk) and personal variables [gender, impulsivity, empathy, and social value orientation (SVO)] that may influence heroism...
April 23, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#13
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Ju Rang Woo, Seung-Hyun Bae, Thomas E Wales, John R Engen, Jongsoon Lee, Hyonchol Jang, SangYoun Park
Serine phosphorylations on insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) by diverse kinases aoccur widely during obesity-, stress-, and inflammation-induced conditions in models of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In this study, we define a region within the human IRS-1, which is directly C-terminal to the PTB domain encompassing numerous serine phosphorylation sites including Ser307 (mouse Ser302) and Ser312 (mouse 307) creating a phosphorylation insulin resistance (PIR) domain. We demonstrate that the IRS-1 PTB-PIR with its unphosphorylated serine residues interacts with the insulin receptor (IR) but loses the IR-binding when they are phosphorylated...
April 23, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#14
JOURNAL ARTICLE
J Paulo Lorenzo, Linda Molla, Elias Moris Amro, Ignacio L Ibarra, Sandra Ruf, Cedrik Neber, Christos Gkougkousis, Jana Ridani, Poorani Ganesh Subramani, Jonathan Boulais, Dewi Harjanto, Alin Vonica, Javier M Di Noia, Christoph Dieterich, Judith B Zaugg, F Nina Papavasiliou
The apolipoprotein B messenger RNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide (APOBEC) family is composed of nucleic acid editors with roles ranging from antibody diversification to RNA editing. APOBEC2, a member of this family with an evolutionarily conserved nucleic acid-binding cytidine deaminase domain, has neither an established substrate nor function. Using a cellular model of muscle differentiation where APOBEC2 is inducibly expressed, we confirmed that APOBEC2 does not have the attributed molecular functions of the APOBEC family, such as RNA editing, DNA demethylation, and DNA mutation...
April 23, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#15
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Md Arifuzzaman, Eunju Kwon, Dong Young Kim
In gram-positive bacteria, phosphorylated arginine functions as a protein degradation signal in a similar manner as ubiquitin in eukaryotes. The protein-arginine phosphorylation is mediated by the McsAB complex, where McsB possesses kinase activity and McsA modulates McsB activity. Although mcsA and mcsB are regulated within the same operon, the role of McsA in kinase activity has not yet been clarified. In this study, we determined the molecular mechanism by which McsA regulates kinase activity. The crystal structure of the McsAB complex shows that McsA binds to the McsB kinase domain through a second zinc-coordination domain and the subsequent loop region...
April 23, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#16
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Beverley A Orser
Tonic inhibition in mouse hippocampal CA1 pyramidal neurons is mediated by α5 subunit-containing γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors. By Caraiscos VB, Elliott EM, You-Ten KE, Cheng VY, Belelli D, Newell JG, Jackson MF, Lambert JJ, Rosahl TW, Wafford KA, MacDonald JF, Orser BA. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2004; 101:3662-7. Reprinted with permission. In this Classic Paper Revisited, the author recounts the scientific journey leading to a report published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS) and shares several personal stories from her formative years and "research truths" that she has learned along the way...
April 16, 2024: Anesthesiology
#17
JOURNAL ARTICLE
(no author information available yet)
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
April 23, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#18
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Mason Fidino, Heather A Sander, Jesse S Lewis, Elizabeth W Lehrer, Kimberly Rivera, Maureen H Murray, Henry C Adams, Anna Kase, Andrea Flores, Theodore Stankowich, Christopher J Schell, Carmen M Salsbury, Adam T Rohnke, Mark J Jordan, Austin M Green, Ashley R Gramza, Amanda J Zellmer, Jacque Williamson, Thilina D Surasinghe, Hunter Storm, Kimberly L Sparks, Travis J Ryan, Katie R Remine, Mary E Pendergast, Kayleigh Mullen, Darren E Minier, Christopher R Middaugh, Amy L Mertl, Maureen R McClung, Robert A Long, Rachel N Larson, Michel T Kohl, Lavendar R Harris, Courtney T Hall, Jeffrey D Haight, David Drake, Alyssa M Davidge, Ann O Cheek, Christopher P Bloch, Elizabeth G Biro, Whitney J B Anthonysamy, Julia L Angstmann, Maximilian L Allen, Solny A Adalsteinsson, Anne G Short Gianotti, Jalene M LaMontagne, Tiziana A Gelmi-Candusso, Seth B Magle
While there is increasing recognition that social processes in cities like gentrification have ecological consequences, we lack nuanced understanding of the ways gentrification affects urban biodiversity. We analyzed a large camera trap dataset of mammals (>500 g) to evaluate how gentrification impacts species richness and community composition across 23 US cities. After controlling for the negative effect of impervious cover, gentrified parts of cities had the highest mammal species richness. Change in community composition was associated with gentrification in a few cities, which were mostly located along the West Coast...
April 23, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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JOURNAL ARTICLE
Yuta Okabe, Nobuyuki Murakoshi, Nagomi Kurebayashi, Hana Inoue, Yoko Ito, Takashi Murayama, Chika Miyoshi, Hiromasa Funato, Koichiro Ishii, Dongzhu Xu, Kazuko Tajiri, Rujie Qin, Kazuhiro Aonuma, Yoshiko Murakata, Zonghu Song, Shigeharu Wakana, Utako Yokoyama, Takashi Sakurai, Kazutaka Aonuma, Masaki Ieda, Masashi Yanagisawa
Inherited arrhythmia syndromes (IASs) can cause life-threatening arrhythmias and are responsible for a significant proportion of sudden cardiac deaths (SCDs). Despite progress in the development of devices to prevent SCDs, the precise molecular mechanisms that induce detrimental arrhythmias remain to be fully investigated, and more effective therapies are desirable. In the present study, we screened a large-scale randomly mutagenized mouse library by electrocardiography to establish a disease model of IASs and consequently found one pedigree that exhibited spontaneous ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) followed by SCD within 1 y after birth...
April 23, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
#20
JOURNAL ARTICLE
Jennifer Viegas
No abstract text is available yet for this article.
April 23, 2024: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
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